Monocyte matrix and ADAM metalloproteinase expression in type 2 diabetes after aspirin therapy

Migratory, metabolic and functional alterations of fibrocytes in type 2 diabetes

Fibrocytes are bloodborne mesenchymal progenitor cells that are recruited to injured tissue sites and contribute to the repair process by acquiring a myofibroblast-like phenotype and producing extracellular matrix components and growth factors. Treatment with normal fibrocytes or their exosomes restores the ability of genetically diabetic mice to heal skin wounds, suggesting the existence of dysfunctional alterations in diabetic fibrocytes. This study compared the migratory, metabolic and functional characteristics of fibrocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DPs) and healthy controls (HCs). It was found that the frequency of these cells was abnormally low in the peripheral blood of T2DPs. Diabetic fibrocytes showed reduced expression of the C-X-C motif and C-C motif chemokine receptors (CXCR)4, (CCR)5, and CCR7, and demonstrated reduced migration in response to their ligands (CXCL)12, (CCL)5, and CCL21. They exhibited increased expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end product, suppression of the alternative AGE receptor 1, increased intracellular concentrations of AGEs, decreased expression of sirtuin-1 and elevated oxidative stress. In short-term cultures, fibrocytes from T2DPs released larger amounts of proinflammatory cytokines than those from HCs. Unlike normal fibrocytes, diabetic fibrocytes did not exhibit increased expression of type I collagen and α-smooth muscle actin on stimulation with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and this abnormal response was associated with downregulation of TGF-β1 type II receptor on the cell surface. Study findings uncover multiple migratory and functional alterations of diabetic fibrocytes that may contribute to explain why T2DPs experience impaired wound healing and chronic ulcers. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(11):1122-1132, 2018.

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 analysis in patients with periodontal disease with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review

OBJECTIVES

The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate information on the levels of MMP-8 in patients diagnosed with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontal disease, analyzing its validity as a possible biomarker for the diagnosis and progression of periodontal disease (PD).

METHODS

A systematic search of the following databases was performed: PubMed/Medline, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), EMBASE and Web of Science. Studies involving the evaluation of MMP-8 in patients with prediabetes or patients presenting type 2 diabetes mellitus concomitantly with PD were selected. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the selected studies was based on the methodological bias risk analysis (QUADAS-2).

RESULTS

Eight of the initially identified 2683 articles were selected. In all the selected studies, evaluator calibration and the use of clear methods for patient diagnosis with periodontal disease were present. Studies have demonstrated significantly higher MMP-8 concentrations in PD patients compared to controls, as well as in patients presenting more advanced stages of PD. However, controversies regarding MMP-8 levels in prediabetes/diabetes type 2 patients with PD.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher MMP-8 levels in patients with PD compared to controls imply the potential use of MMP-8 in the diagnosis of PD. The influence of patient glycemic state, as well as medications these patients make use of, are factors that possibly contribute to the modulation of MMP-8 concentrations in patients with diabetes and should be analyzed, aiming at a better understanding of the relationship between glycemic state and MMP-8 levels in patients with PD.

Role of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in the development of recurrent depressive disorder

BACKGROUND

MMPs play a role in modulating inflammation and their impact in many inflammatory diseases has been investigated. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the relationship between selected polymorphisms for MMP-2 (C-735T), MMP-7 (A-181G), MMP-9 (T-1702A, C1562T) and TIMP-2 (G-418C) and depression, as well as between the importance of distribution of genotypes and alleles for the examined polymorphisms and the risk of depression occurrence.

METHODS

The examined population comprised 203 individuals suffering from depression and 99 individuals who formed a control group. Designations were carried out for MMP-2 (C-735T), MMP-7 (A-181G), MMP-9 (T-1702A, C1562T) and TIMP-2 (G-418C). The distribution of haplotypes of the MMP-9T-1702A and MMP-9 C1562T was specified for MMP-9 (T-1702A, C1562T).

RESULTS

In rDD group and in the control group the presence of the T-1702A polymorphism for MMP-9 increases the risk of rDD development for the T/T genotype and T allele (OR=2.191). The A/A genotype (OR=0.120) and A allele (OR=0.442) reduce the risk of disease occurrence in the examined polymorphisms for MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9. The C/C genotype and C allele of the C1562T MMP-9 polymorphism increase the risk of middle-age depression, while the T allele makes this risk smaller. The incidence of rDD was greater for the C/T C-735T/MMP-2/genotype and G/G A-181G /MMP-7/genotype. A similarly high risk of incidence was confirmed for the C/T - T/T genotypes of the MMP-2C-735T and MMP-9T-1702A polymorphisms. A higher risk of incidence (OR=9.376) was confirmed in the case of a set of T/T-G/C genotypes of the MMP-9T-1702A and TIMP-2G-418C polymorphisms. For the gene-gene interactions presented above, a statistically significant difference was found between the examined group and the control group.

LIMITATIONS

A small group of examined patients and the need for conducting the study in other populations in order to determine the impact of the stratification factor.

CONCLUSIONS

1. The evaluated polymorphisms in MMP genes have significant importance for the development of depression; they also have an impact on depression onset. 2. Further studies focused on changes of MMPs in the development of rDD are required.

Matrix metalloproteinases in type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls: effects of short-term and chronic hyperglycaemia

INTRODUCTION

The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is not clear as increased activation of MMPs in the vasculature contrasts with decreased activity of MMPs in the kidneys, contributing to development of nephropathy.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

We measured serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 in 22 subjects with type 2 DM age (mean ± SD) 56.7 ±16.8 years, BMI 31.8 ±4.6 kg/m(2), HbA(1c) 8.45 ±1.78% and in 32 controls, age 39.2 ±16.0 years, BMI 35.2 ±8.5 kg/m(2). In 15 subjects with 2 DM we also measured MMP-2 and MMP-9 at discharge from hospital and after 3 months (n = 8). In controls, MMP-2 and -9 were also measured during 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

RESULTS

Concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were lower in subjects with type 2 DM (219 ±62 ng/ml vs. 305 ±63 ng/ml and 716 ±469 ng/ml vs. 1285 ±470 ng/ml, for MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively, p < 0.05). MMP-9 concentrations fell at 120 min of OGTT from 1675 ±372 ng/ml to 1276 ±422 ng/ml (p < 0.05). In diabetic subjects there was a correlation between MMP-9 and HbA(1c) (r = 0.51, p< 0.05). In subjects with diabetes there was a fall of HbA(1c) from 9.77 ±1.76% to 8.36 ±1.54% (p < 0.01), at three months post-discharge. There was no difference in MMP-2, but there was a fall in MMP-9 at three months post-discharge in comparison to concentrations observed at admission (854 ±560 ng/ml vs. 500 ±235 ng/ml, p= 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

Matrix metalloproteinases in type 2 and MMP-9 concentrations were lower in subjects with 2 DM than in non-diabetic controls. Regulation of MMPs appears to be complex as hyperglycaemia during OGTT results in a decrease in MMP-9, while chronic hyperglycaemia, reflected by HbA(1c), correlates with MMP-9 concentrations in subjects with 2 DM.

A low-glycemic-index diet reduces plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, but not tissue inhibitor of proteinases-1 or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein, in overweight women

BACKGROUND

The development of obesity has been suggested to involve plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue inhibitor of proteinases-1 (TIMP-1). Plasma PAI-1 is elevated in obesity. A low-glycemic-index (LGI) diet may have a beneficial effect on obesity through a decrease in plasma PAI-1, but whether it affects plasma TIMP-1 in healthy humans has not been studied.

OBJECTIVE

We investigated whether a 10-wk intake of an LGI or a high-glycemic-index (HGI), high-carbohydrate, low-fat, ad libitum diet is associated with decreases in plasma PAI-1 and TIMP-1 concentrations in overweight women.

DESIGN

Forty-four overweight women [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 27.5+/-0.23] were randomly assigned to consume an HGI or an LGI diet for 10 wk. A subgroup of 29 women was assigned to participate in an additional 4-h meal test on the last day of the 10-wk intervention.

RESULTS

PAI-1 activity decreased after 10 wk of the LGI diet and was significantly different between groups. Changes in PAI-1 antigen followed the same trend, but no significant difference was observed between groups. No difference in plasma TIMP-1 concentrations was observed between groups. PAI-1 and TIMP-1 concentrations after the 4-h meal test were not significantly different between groups.

CONCLUSION

An LGI diet reduces fasting plasma PAI-1 activity and therefore may be useful for diminishing the adverse cardiovascular effects of obesity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00324090.