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Longendyke R, Grundman JB, Majidi S. Acute and Chronic Adverse Outcomes of Type 1 Diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2024; 53:123-133. [PMID: 38272591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is associated with both acute and chronic complications. Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia. Chronic complications can be microvascular or macrovascular. Microvascular complications include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. The pathophysiology of microvascular complications is complex. Hyperglycemia is a common underlying risk factor, underscoring the importance of optimizing glycemic management. Patients with type 1 diabetes are also at increased risk of macrovascular complications including coronary artery disease and vascular disease. The American Diabetes Association provides screening guidelines for chronic complications of diabetes. Adherence to these guidelines is an important aspect of diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Longendyke
- Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Jody B Grundman
- Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Shideh Majidi
- Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Jiang Y, Chen P, Zhao Y, Cai J, Liang J, Cheng S, Zhang Y. Association between triglyceride glucose index and all-cause mortality in patients with cerebrovascular disease: a retrospective study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:1. [PMID: 38173012 PMCID: PMC10763128 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triglyceride glucose (TyG) is associated with stroke, atherosclerosis, and adverse clinical outcomes. However, its correlation with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TyG index and mortality in patients with CVD. METHODS Patient data sourced from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care -IV database were categorized based on TyG quartiles. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate survival disparities among the TyG subgroups. Cox proportional risk modeling was used to examine the association between the TyG index and mortality. Generalized summation models were applied to fit the smoothed curves. log-likelihood ratio test were used to analyze the non-linear relationship. RESULTS The study comprised 1,965 patients (50.18% were male). The 28-day and 90-day mortality rates were 20.10% and 24.48%, respectively. The TyG index exhibited a linear relationship with the 28-day mortality (Hazards ratio (HR), 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-1.36) and the 90-day mortality (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.37). In the TyG Q4 group, each 1 mg/dl increase was linked to a 35% rise in the risk of 28-day mortality and a 38% increase in the risk of 90-day mortality. Subgroup analyses highlighted a more substantial association between TyG index and 90-day mortality in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the positive association between TyG and the 28- and 90-day mortality rates in patients with CVD. This insight may prove pivotal for identifying at-risk populations and enhancing risk prediction in the clinical management of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong'An Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, P. R. China
| | - YangYang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, P. R. China
| | - JiaHong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, P. R. China
| | - JiaWei Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, P. R. China
| | - ShiQi Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China.
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Bajpai A. Atherosclerosis in Pediatric and Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes-A Case for Early Identification? Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:215-216. [PMID: 36585547 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Bajpai
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regency Center for Diabetes Endocrinology & Research, Regency City Clinic, Opposite PPN Market, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208001, India. .,Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
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Gao L, Yang T, Xue Z, Chan CKD. Hot Spots and Trends in the Relationship between Cancer and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Knowledge Graph Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020337. [PMID: 36836694 PMCID: PMC9961916 DOI: 10.3390/life13020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most difficult medical problems in today's world. There are many factors that induce cancer in humans, and obesity has become an important factor in inducing cancer. This study systematically and quantitatively describes the development trend, current situation and research hotspot of the relationship between cancer and obesity by using document statistics and knowledge graph visualization technology. Through the visualization technology analysis of knowledge graph in this study, the research hotspot and knowledge base source of the relationship between cancer and obesity in the last 20 years have been ascertained. Obesity-related factors, such as immunity, insulin, adiponectin, adipocytokines, nonalcoholic fatty liver and inflammatory reaction, may affect the occurrence of obesity and increase the risk of cancer. Obesity-related cancers include respiratory cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, etc. Our research provides direction and basis for future research in this field, as well as technical and knowledge basis support for experts and researchers in related medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tian Yang
- Institute for Guangdong Qiaoxiang Studies, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ziru Xue
- Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China
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