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Fink S, Burmester A, Hipler U, Neumeister C, Götz MR, Wiegand C. Efficacy of antifungal agents against fungal spores: An in vitro study using microplate laser nephelometry and an artificially infected 3D skin model. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1257. [PMID: 35212482 PMCID: PMC8756736 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/1999] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal fungal infections seem to have increased over recent years. There is further a shift from anthropophilic dermatophytes to a growing prevalence of zoophilic species and the emergence of resistant strains. New antifungals are needed to combat these fungi and their resting spores. This study aimed to investigate the sporicidal effects of sertaconazole nitrate using microplate laser nephelometry against the microconidia of Trichophyton, chlamydospores of Epidermophyton, blastospores of Candida, and conidia of the mold Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. The results obtained were compared with those from ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine. The sporicidal activity was further determined using infected three-dimensional full skin models to determine the antifungal effects in the presence of human cells. Sertaconazole nitrate inhibited the growth of dermatophytes, molds, and yeasts. Ciclopirox olamine also had good antifungal activity, although higher concentrations were needed compared to sertaconazole nitrate. Terbinafine was highly effective against most dermatophytes, but higher concentrations were required to kill the resistant strain Trichophyton indotineae. Sertaconazole nitrate, ciclopirox olamine, and terbinafine had no negative effects on full skin models. Sertaconazole nitrate reduced the growth of fungal and yeast spores over 72 h. Ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine also inhibited the growth of dermatophytes and molds but had significantly lower effects on the yeast. Sertaconazole nitrate might have advantages over the commonly used antifungals ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine in combating resting spores, which persist in the tissues, and thus in the therapy of recurring dermatomycoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fink
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital JenaJenaGermany
| | - Anke Burmester
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital JenaJenaGermany
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Hong SJ, Yoon CJ, Lim HN, Yeom H. Step‐Economical Route to 2‐Amido‐3‐bromobenzo[
b
]thiophenes
via
Ynamide Formation and Selectfluor‐Mediated Oxidative Bromocyclization. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeong Hong
- Eco-Friendly New Materials Research Center, Therapeutics&Biotechnology Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ju Yoon
- Eco-Friendly New Materials Research Center, Therapeutics&Biotechnology Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Nam Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Yeungnam University 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Suk Yeom
- Eco-Friendly New Materials Research Center, Therapeutics&Biotechnology Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
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Esenturk I, Gumrukcu S, Özdabak Sert AB, Kök FN, Döşler S, Gungor S, Erdal MS, Sarac AS. Silk-fibroin-containing nanofibers for topical sertaconazole delivery: preparation, characterization, and antifungal activity. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1740992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Imren Esenturk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Gumrukcu
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Buse Özdabak Sert
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology Program, MOBGAM, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Neşe Kök
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology Program, MOBGAM, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Döşler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Gungor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Sedef Erdal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Sezai Sarac
- Polymer Science and Technology, Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Czylkowska A, Rogalewicz B, Raducka A, Błaszczyk N, Maniecki T, Wieczorek K, Mierczyński P. Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermal and Catalytic Properties of Four New Metal (II) Complexes with Selected N- and O-Donor Ligands. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13143217. [PMID: 32698342 PMCID: PMC7411774 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four solid compounds with formulae: Co(OAc)2(Im)·H2O (I), Ni(OAc)2(Im)1.5·2H2O (II), Cu2(OAc)4(Im) (III) and Zn(OAc)2(Im)·H2O (IV) (where: Im = 1H-Imidazole) were prepared and characterized by chemical and elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction patterns and FTIR spectroscopy. Catalytic properties of each complex for styrene oxidation reaction were investigated. Furthermore, thermal properties of compounds were studied using the TG-DTG and DSC techniques under dry air atmosphere. Additionally, volatile thermal decomposition and fragmentation products were also investigated using the TG-FTIR spectra in air.
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Behnam M, Zarrinfar H, Najafzadeh MJ, Naseri A, Jarahi L, Babič MN. Low in vitro activity of sertaconazole against clinical isolates of dermatophyte. Curr Med Mycol 2020; 6:36-41. [PMID: 32420506 PMCID: PMC7217247 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.6.1.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Dermatophytes are a group of fungi specialized in invading humans and other vertebrate keratinized tissues. These fungi cause a variety of skin, nail, and hair disorders, called dermatophytosis (tinea). In some cases, drug resistance to antifungals necessitates special treatment. Among the antifungal agents, sertaconazole (i.e., a third-generation imidazole) has a broad-spectrum against dermatophyte species. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes obtained from patients with dermatophytosis in Mashhad located in northeastern Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 clinical dermatophyte isolates, including Trichophyton mentagrophytes (n=21), T. interdigital (n=18), T. tonsurans (n=16), Epidermophyton floccosum (n=11), Microsporum canis (n=5), Nannizzia fulvum (n=2), T. benhamiae (n=1), and T. verrucosum (n=1), were evaluated against five antifungal agents of sertaconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin based on the CLSI M38-A2 guideline. Results: According to the results, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges ofsertaconazole, terbinafine, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and clotrimazole were estimated at 0.125-16, 0.002-1, 0.5-4, 0.031-4, and 0.016-4 µg/ml, respectively, for dermatophyte species. In addition, the geometric mean (GM) values of the MIC of sertaconazole, terbinafine, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and clotrimazole were obtained as 3.39, 1, 1.44, 1.52, and 1.93, respectively. Conclusion: Among the tested antifungals, terbinafine and griseofulvin were the most effective agents against dermatophyte isolates. However, sertaconazole, a third-generation imidazole, did not show any significant effect. Furthermore, M. canis and E. floccosum showed the best response to the antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Behnam
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Naseri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lida Jarahi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Monika Novak Babič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Dillon CC, Keophimphone B, Sanchez M, Kaur P, Muchalski H. Synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]thiophenes via gold(i)-NHC-catalyzed cyclization of 2-alkynyl thioanisoles. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:9279-9284. [PMID: 30484460 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[b]thiophene heterocycles are important components of many important small molecule pharmaceuticals and drug candidates as well as organic semiconducting materials. Many methods have been developed for the construction of a benzo[b]thiophene core via cyclization reaction of alkynes. Although few catalytic reactions were disclosed, most methods rely on stoichiometric activation of alkynes. Here we report an efficient method for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]thiophenes from 2-alkynyl thioanisoles catalyzed by a gold(i)-IPr hydroxide that is applicable to a wide range of substrates with diverse electronic and steric properties. Additionally, we demonstrate experimentally that the acid additive and its conjugate base are essential to catalyst turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Dillon
- California State University Fresno, 2555 E San Ramon Ave M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, USA.
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Choi KD, Kim HY, Shin IS. Antifungal activity of isothiocyanates extracted from horseradish ( Armoracia rusticana) root against pathogenic dermal fungi. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:847-852. [PMID: 30263612 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop natural antifungal agents against pathogenic dermal fungi, the antifungal activity of isothiocyanates (ITCs) extracted from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) root was investigated. A paper disk diffusion assay showed that ITCs inhibited growth of the four pathogenic dermal fungi (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and Epidermophyton floccosum) at 5000 μg/mL, as well as perfectly inhibited the growth of the fungi at 10,000 μg/mL in a concentration-dependent manner. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of ITCs against T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, M. canis, and E. floccosum were 200, 200, 100, and 100 μg/mL, respectively. The minimum fungicidal concentrations of ITCs against the four pathogenic dermal fungi were 200 μg/mL. These results strongly suggested that ITCs extracted from horseradish root can be a candidate of natural antifungal agents against pathogenic dermal fungi, even though further study is needed to investigate how to use ITCs in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Duck Choi
- Korea Institute Food Safety Management Accreditation, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Kim
- 2Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457 Korea
| | - Il-Shik Shin
- 2Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457 Korea
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8
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Radwan SAA, ElMeshad AN, Shoukri RA. Microemulsion loaded hydrogel as a promising vehicle for dermal delivery of the antifungal sertaconazole: design, optimization and ex vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1351-1365. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1318899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Ali Ali Radwan
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Nabil ElMeshad
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raguia Aly Shoukri
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Skrzyńska A, Albrecht A, Albrecht Ł. Aminocatalytic Strategy for the Synthesis of Optically Active Benzothiophene Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skrzyńska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Łódź; University of Technology; Żeromskiego 116 90-924 Łódź Poland
| | - Anna Albrecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Łódź; University of Technology; Żeromskiego 116 90-924 Łódź Poland
| | - Łukasz Albrecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Łódź; University of Technology; Żeromskiego 116 90-924 Łódź Poland
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10
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Manian M, Madrasi K, Chaturvedula A, Banga AK. Investigation of the Dermal Absorption and Irritation Potential of Sertaconazole Nitrate Anhydrous Gel. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:E21. [PMID: 27399763 PMCID: PMC5039440 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective topical therapy of cutaneous fungal diseases requires the delivery of the active agent to the target site in adequate concentrations to produce a pharmacological effect and inhibit the growth of the pathogen. In addition, it is important to determine the concentration of the drug in the skin in order to evaluate the subsequent efficacy and potential toxicity for topical formulations. For this purpose, an anhydrous gel containing sertaconazole nitrate as a model drug was formulated and the amount of the drug in the skin was determined by in vitro tape stripping. The apparent diffusivity and partition coefficients were then calculated by a mathematical model describing the dermal absorption as passive diffusion through a pseudo-homogenous membrane. The skin irritation potential of the formulation was also assessed by using the in vitro Epiderm™ model. An estimation of the dermal absorption parameters allowed us to evaluate drug transport across the stratum corneum following topical application. The estimated concentration for the formulation was found to be higher than the MIC100 at the target site which suggested its potential efficacy for treating fungal infections. The skin irritation test showed the formulation to be non-irritating in nature. Thus, in vitro techniques can be used for laying the groundwork in developing efficient and non-toxic topical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Manian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Kumpal Madrasi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Ayyappa Chaturvedula
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.
| | - Ajay K Banga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Gao L, Chang B, Qiu W, Wang L, Fu X, Yuan R. Potassium Hydroxide/Dimethyl Sulfoxide Superbase-Promoted Transition Metal-Free Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzothiophenes under Visible Light. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201501136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Sandtorv AH, Bjørsvik HR. Scope and Mechanistic Limitations of a Sonogashira Coupling Reaction on an Imidazole Backbone. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Zhang M, Gong Y. Synthesis of 2,3,3a,4,5,6-Hexahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3a-carbaldehydes via a Tandem Reaction of Cyclic β-Thiocyanatoenals with Electron-Deficient Alkenes Triggered by Fluoride. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
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Khanna D, Bharti S. Luliconazole for the treatment of fungal infections: an evidence-based review. CORE EVIDENCE 2014; 9:113-24. [PMID: 25285056 PMCID: PMC4181444 DOI: 10.2147/ce.s49629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Luliconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent with a unique structure, as the imidazole moiety is incorporated into the ketene dithioacetate structure. Luliconazole is the R-enantiomer, and has more potent antifungal activity than lanoconazole, which is a racemic mixture. In this review, we summarize the in vitro data, animal studies, and clinical trial data relating to the use of topical luliconazole. Preclinical studies have demonstrated excellent activity against dermatophytes. Further, in vitro/in vivo studies have also shown favorable activity against Candida albicans, Malassezia spp., and Aspergillus fumigatus. Luliconazole, although belonging to the azole group, has strong fungicidal activity against Trichophyton spp., similar to that of terbinafine. The strong clinical antifungal activity of luliconazole is possibly attributable to a combination of strong in vitro antifungal activity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties in the skin. Clinical trials have demonstrated its superiority over placebo in dermatophytosis, and its antifungal activity to be at par or even better than that of terbinafine. Application of luliconazole 1% cream once daily is effective even in short-term use (one week for tinea corporis/cruris and 2 weeks for tinea pedis). A Phase I/IIa study has shown excellent local tolerability and a lack of systemic side effects with use of topical luliconazole solution for onychomycosis. Further studies to evaluate its efficacy in onychomycosis are underway. Luliconazole 1% cream was approved in Japan in 2005 for the treatment of tinea infections. It has recently been approved by US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of interdigital tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis. Topical luliconazole has a favorable safety profile, with only mild application site reactions reported occasionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Khanna
- Department of Dermatology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya (Childrens Hospital), Delhi, India
| | - Subhash Bharti
- Department of Dermatology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya (Childrens Hospital), Delhi, India
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Soares LA, de Cássia Orlandi Sardi J, Gullo FP, de Souza Pitangui N, Scorzoni L, Leite FS, Giannini MJSM, Almeida AMF. Anti dermatophytic therapy--prospects for the discovery of new drugs from natural products. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:1035-41. [PMID: 24688490 PMCID: PMC3958166 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people and animals suffer from superficial infections caused by a group of highly specialized filamentous fungi, the dermatophytes, which only infect keratinized structures. With the appearance of AIDS, the incidence of dermatophytosis has increased. Current drug therapy used for these infections is often toxic, long-term, and expensive and has limited effectiveness; therefore, the discovery of new anti dermatophytic compounds is a necessity. Natural products have been the most productive source for new drug development. This paper provides a brief review of the current literature regarding the presence of dermatophytes in immunocompromised patients, drug resistance to conventional treatments and new anti dermatophytic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Arantes Soares
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Patrícia Gullo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Nayla de Souza Pitangui
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sangalli Leite
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes Giannini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Tur-Tur C, Giusiano G, Marcos-Arias C, Eraso E, Jauregizar N, Quindós G. Sertaconazole: an antifungal agent for the topical treatment of superficial candidiasis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2013; 11:347-58. [PMID: 23566144 DOI: 10.1586/eri.13.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sertaconazole is a useful antifungal agent against mycoses of the skin and mucosa, such as cutaneous, genital and oral candidiasis and tinea pedis. Its antifungal activity is due to inhibition of the ergosterol biosynthesis and disruption of the cell wall. At higher concentrations, sertaconazole is able to bind to nonsterol lipids of the fungal cell wall, increasing the permeability and the subsequent death of fungal cells. Fungistatic and fungicidal activities on Candida are dose-dependent. The antifungal spectrum of sertaconazole includes deramophytes, Candida, Cryptococcus, Malassezia and also Aspergillus, Scedosporium and Scopulariopsis. Sertaconazole also shows an antimicrobial activity against streptococci, staphylococci and protozoa (Trichomonas). In clinical trials including patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis, a single dose of sertaconazole produced a higher cure rate compared with other topical azoles such as econazole and clotrimazole, in shorter periods. Sertaconazole has shown an anti-inflammatory effect that is very useful for the relief of unpleasant symptoms.
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Carrillo-Muñoz A, Quindós G, Del Valle O, Santos P, Giusiano G, Guardia C, Eraso E, Ezkurra P, Tur-Tur C, Hernàndez-Molina J. In VitroAntifungal Activity of Sertaconazole Nitrate Against Recent Isolates of Onychomycosis Causative Agents. J Chemother 2013; 20:521-3. [DOI: 10.1179/joc.2008.20.4.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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18
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Bonifaz A, Tirado-Sánchez A, Graniel MJ, Mena C, Valencia A, Ponce-Olivera RM. The efficacy and safety of sertaconazole cream (2 %) in diaper dermatitis candidiasis. Mycopathologia 2013; 175:249-54. [PMID: 23546772 PMCID: PMC3622746 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-013-9642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim Diaper dermatitis (DD) is an inflammatory irritating condition that is common in infants. Most cases are associated with the yeast colonization of Candida or diaper dermatitis candidiasis (DDC), and therefore, the signs and symptoms improve with antimycotic treatment. Sertaconazole is a broad-spectrum third-generation imidazole derivative that is effective and safe for the treatment for superficial mycoses, such as tineas, candidiasis, and pityriasis versicolor. Our goal was to assess the efficacy and safety of sertaconazole cream (2 %) in DDC. Materials and methods Twenty-seven patients with clinical and mycological diagnosis of DDC were enrolled and treated with 2 daily applications for 14 days and were followed-up for 2 further weeks. Results Three etiologic agents were isolated: Candida albicans in 88.8 %, Candida parapsilosis in 7.3 %, and Candida glabrata in 3.2 %. There was an average symptom reduction from 7.1 to 3.2 in the middle of treatment and to 1.2 and 0.4 units at the end of treatment and follow-up, respectively. The treatment evaluation at the end of the follow-up period showed a total clinical and mycological cure in 88.8 %, improvement in 3.7 %, and failure in 7.4 %. There was side effect (3.7 %) of skin irritation, but the drug was not discontinued. Conclusions Based on its safety and effectiveness, sertaconazole cream may be considered a new alternative for DDC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Bonifaz
- Department of Mycology, Hospital General de México OD, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
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Peano A, Beccati M, Chiavassa E, Pasquetti M. Evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis to clotrimazole, miconazole and thiabendazole using a modified CLSI M27-A3 microdilution method. Vet Dermatol 2012; 23:131-5, e29. [PMID: 22313492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.01025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluated the antifungal susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis to clotrimazole (CTZ), miconazole (MCZ), and thiabendazole (TBD), azole derivatives employed in aural formulations labeled for treatment of canine otitis. METHODS The procedure for in vitro testing was based on the indications of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 microdilution method. A lipid-enriched medium was employed to enhance the yeast growth (Christensen's urea broth, with 0.1% Tween 80 and 0.5% Tween 40 as the lipid sources), while the inoculums size corresponded to approximately 1-5 × 10(5) yeast cells/mL. Microplates were incubated at 37°C and read 48 h after inoculation. Azole MICs inhibiting fungal growth were the lowest drug concentrations that showed an optical density of ≤ 50% of the (drug-free) growth control, as assessed by spectrophotometer (630 nm filter). RESULTS All isolates were inhibited by the three azoles, with different minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Most isolates were inhibited by drug concentrations of 2-8 (CTZ), 1-4 (MCZ), or 16-32 (TBD) μg/mL. These results are partially in agreement with the findings of previous studies, in which substantially higher/lower MICs were occasionally reported. This is likely because of the different methodologies employed. Such discrepancies may not apply to clinical situations, where the compounds are applied topically. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The concept that clinical failure is linked to increased MICs is debatable, because significantly higher concentrations (in most cases at least 1,000 × the MIC) of the antifungals that were included in our study are routinely used in formulated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peano
- Department of Animal Productions, Epidemiology and Ecology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Italy.
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Sharma A, Saple DG, Surjushe A, Rao GRR, Kura M, Ghosh S, Bolmall C, Baliga V. Efficacy and tolerability of sertaconazole nitrate 2% cream vs. miconazole in patients with cutaneous dermatophytosis. Mycoses 2011; 54:217-22. [PMID: 19925567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sertaconazole is a new antifungal agent. To compare the efficacy and tolerability of sertaconazole and miconazole cream in cutaneous dermatophytosis, this prospective, randomized, multicentric comparative, phase 4 study was undertaken in 260 patients with cutaneous dermatophytosis after approvals from Institutional Ethics Committees. Patients were assigned to sertaconazole cream (2%) or miconazole cream (2%) topically twice daily for 2 weeks after obtaining informed consent. Efficacy variables included changes in mean scores of erythema, pruritus, desquamation, erythema/itching, burning/weeping, scaling/pustule and overall global assessment. Safety and tolerability were also assessed. A total of 122 patients in the sertaconazole group and 128 in the miconazole group completed the study with 10 drop-outs. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in mean symptom scores and total scores from the first week onwards, sustained till 2 weeks and statistically significant (P < 0.05) in favour of sertaconazole. Moreover, 62.3% patients had complete clinical cure in the sertaconazole group (P < 0.05) compared with 44.6% in miconazole users. Both drugs were well tolerated and five patients in the sertaconazole group and nine in the miconazole group reported mild to moderate adverse events. Therapy with sertaconazole cream (2%) provided a better efficacy and tolerability compared with the miconazole cream (2%) and could thus be a therapeutic option in cutaneous dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Medical Services, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Mumbai, India
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Baloglu E, Ay Senyıgıt Z, Karavana SY, Vetter A, Metın DY, Hilmioglu Polat S, Guneri T, Bernkop-Schnurch A. In Vitro Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Vaginal Tablets of Antifungal Drugs Prepared with Thiolated Polymer and Development of a New Dissolution Technique for Vaginal Formulations. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:952-8. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Baloglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University
| | - Zeynep Ay Senyıgıt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University
| | | | - Anja Vetter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck
| | - Dilek Yesim Metın
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University
| | | | - Tamer Guneri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University
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Induction of Prostaglandin D2 through the p38 MAPK Pathway Is Responsible for the Antipruritic Activity of Sertaconazole Nitrate. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:2448-56. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gopinath P, Nilaya S, Debi TR, Ramkumar V, Muraleedharan KM. As many as six tandem reactions in one step! Unprecedented formation of highly functionalized benzothiophenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:7131-3. [PMID: 19921006 DOI: 10.1039/b914424b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel reaction pathway involving 1,3-diketones and 2,2'-dithiodibenzoylchloride that gives access to benzothiophenes with spiroketal, lactone, carbonyl, hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functionalities is discussed.
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A validated LC-MS/MS method for determination of sertaconazole nitrate in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:4047-50. [PMID: 19889586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A specific and sensitive liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for quantitative determination of sertaconazole in human plasma was developed. The analysis was performed and validated in positive ion multiple reactions monitoring mode using loratadine as an internal standard (IS). Sample preparation involved one-step liquid-liquid extraction using ether-dichloromethane (80/20, v/v). Sertaconazole and IS was separated on a C18 column using isocratic elution with a mobile phase of methanol: 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution (70:30, v/v,) at the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The transition monitored were m/z 439 [M+H](+)-->m/z 181 for sertaconazole and m/z 383[M+H]+ --> m/z 337 for IS. The lower limit of quantification was 0.1 ng/mL based on 500 microL of plasma, and no interferences were detected in chromatograms. Calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.1-10 ng/mL, and correlation coefficients were 0.999. Intra- and inter-day assay variations were <10%, and the accuracy values were between -0.4% and 9.0% relative error (RE). The extraction recoveries ranged from 60% to 70% across the calibration curve range. The described method provides a sensitive analytical tool to determine sertaconazole in plasma, and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in 10 healthy human subjects after administration of 300 mg vaginal suppository formulation of sertaconazole nitrate.
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Ghaninejad H, Gholami K, Hashemi P, Hajibabai M, Rahbar Z, Farivar MS, Mastani F, Rashidi A. Sertaconazole 2% cream vs. miconazole 2% cream for cutaneous mycoses: a double-blind clinical trial. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:e837-9. [PMID: 19793095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of 2% creams of miconazole nitrate and sertaconazole were compared in a double-blind clinical trial carried out on 100 patients with an established diagnosis of cutaneous dermatophytosis. Assessments were performed on days 0, 15, 29 and 43 in our dermatology clinic. Cure was defined according to clinical assessment confirmed by microscopical examination and culture. The groups were similar in age, gender, weight and clinical presentation. The reported side-effects, most commonly pruritus, occurred in 22 (40.0%) and 15 (33.3%) patients in the sertaconazole and miconazole groups, respectively (P = 0.28), but were not serious enough to stop the treatment. The only significant difference between the groups was in per-protocol cure rate by day 15, when patients in the sertaconazole group had a higher cure rate than the miconazole group (P < 0.01). In conclusion, sertaconazole was superior to miconazole in producing an early response in our patients. Given the higher price of sertaconazole and the ability of the considerably less expensive miconazole to produce equally good response after a month, the usefulness of sertaconazole as an alternative to miconazole in Iran requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ghaninejad
- Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Borelli C, Klövekorn G, Ernst TM, Bödeker RH, Korting HC, Neumeister C. Comparative study of 2% sertaconazole solution and cream formulations in patients with tinea corporis, tinea pedis interdigitalis, or a corresponding candidosis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2008; 8:371-8. [PMID: 18039020 DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200708060-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the results of numerous preclinical and clinical studies, sertaconazole can be considered a safe and effective drug for the treatment of fungal skin infections. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of a solution containing 2% sertaconazole with the well established 2% sertaconazole cream formulation in patients with tinea corporis, tinea pedis interdigitalis, or a corresponding candidosis. METHODS This was a prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, multicenter, noninferiority therapy study. Patients received either sertaconazole solution or cream twice daily for 28 days. The full analysis set comprised 160 patients in the solution group and 153 patients in the cream group. The primary efficacy parameter was a combination of culture test result and total clinical score. Efficacy was defined by eradication of the pathogen and reduction of the total clinical score between pretreatment and the final visit. RESULTS Efficacy was documented in 90.6% of patients using the solution and 88.9% of those using the cream (full analysis set). No adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION Solution and cream formulations of 2% sertaconazole applied for 28 days were associated with comparable efficacy and safety in the treatment of fungal skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Borelli
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany.
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