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Mikasa K, Aoki N, Aoki Y, Abe S, Iwata S, Ouchi K, Kasahara K, Kadota J, Kishida N, Kobayashi O, Sakata H, Seki M, Tsukada H, Tokue Y, Nakamura-Uchiyama F, Higa F, Maeda K, Yanagihara K, Yoshida K. JAID/JSC Guidelines for the Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases/Japanese Society of Chemotherapy - The JAID/JSC Guide to Clinical Management of Infectious Disease/Guideline-preparing Committee Respiratory Infectious Disease WG. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:S1-S65. [PMID: 27317161 PMCID: PMC7128733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Mikasa
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | | | - Yosuke Aoki
- Department of International Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuichi Abe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Ouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kei Kasahara
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Junichi Kadota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Sakata
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Kosei Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahumi Seki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Infection Control, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsukada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tokue
- Infection Control and Prevention Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Futoshi Higa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Okinawa National Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Maeda
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Garbacki P, Teżyk A, Zalewski P, Jelińska A, Paczkowska M, Talczyńska A, Oszczapowicz I, Cielecka-Piontek J. Assay of Diastereoisomers of Cefuroxime Axetil in Amorphous and Crystalline Forms Using UHPLC-DAD. Chromatographia 2014; 77:1489-1495. [PMID: 25400288 PMCID: PMC4224750 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive UHPLC-DAD method was developed for determination of diastereoisomers of cefuroxime axetil in bulk substance in amorphous and crystalline forms as well as in pharmaceutical preparations. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Kinetex C-18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) column with mobile phase consisting of 0.1 % formic acid:methanol (88:12, v/v), at the flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1 and total run time of 3 min. The wavelength of the DAD detector was set at 278 nm. Inter-day precision (RSD) was less than 3 % and accuracy level ranged between 98.31 and 104.99 %. Degradation products of cefuroxime axetil in aqueous solutions and in the solid state were identified with a EIS-Q-MS mass spectrometer. The solubility of above-mentioned polymorphic forms of cefuroxime axetil in suitable solvents is a crucial factor during preparation of samples and is essential for chromatographic separation of its diastereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Garbacki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Teżyk
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Jelińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Paczkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Talczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Irena Oszczapowicz
- Department of Modified Antibiotics, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5, 02-516 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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Blasi F, Tarsia P, Mantero M, Morlacchi LC, Piffer F. Cefditoren versus levofloxacin in patients with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: serum inflammatory biomarkers, clinical efficacy, and microbiological eradication. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2013; 9:55-64. [PMID: 23430960 PMCID: PMC3575210 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s41131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this open-label, randomized, parallel-group pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of cefditoren pivoxil and levofloxacin in terms of speed of reduction in inflammatory parameters, clinical recovery, and microbiological eradication. Methods Forty eligible patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) were randomized to receive cefditoren 200 mg twice a day for 5 days (n = 20) or levofloxacin 500 mg once daily for 7 days (n = 20). Results The inflammatory parameters which were significantly reduced at test-of-cure with respect to visit 1 were Krebs von den Lundgen-6 (KL-6) and interleukin-6. KL-6 decreased both in the overall study population (from 19 ± 11 UI/mL to 6 ± 8 UI/mL, P = 0.000) and in the cefditoren (from 19 ± 13 UI/mL to 8 ± 10 UI/mL, P = 0.006) and levofloxacin (from 19 ± 10 UI/mL to 5 ± 5 UI/mL, P = 0.000) arms. Similarly, interleukin-6 decreased both in the overall study population (from 13.35 ± 16.41 pg/mL to 3 ± 4.7 pg/mL, P = 0.000) and in the cefditoren (from 15.90 ± 19.54 pg/mL to 4.13 ± 6.42 pg/mL, P = 0.015) and levofloxacin (from 10.80 ± 12.55 pg/mL to 1.87 ± 1.16 pg/mL, P = 0.003) arms. At the end of treatment (test-of-cure, 6–9 days after drug initiation), the clinical success rate in the overall study population was 78%; the clinical cure rate was 80% in the cefditoren arm and 75% in the levofloxacin arm. Globally, bacteriological eradication at test-of-cure was obtained in 85% of the overall study population. Both treatments were well tolerated. Conclusion Cefditoren represents a valid option in the treatment of mild to moderately severe cases of AECB in the outpatient care setting. Moreover, the use of this cephalosporin is associated with a significant reduction of interleukin-6 and KL-6, two key mediators of lung inflammation and epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Yang Q, Xu Y, Chen M, Wang H, Sun H, Hu Y, Zhang R, Duan Q, Zhuo C, Cao B, Liu Y, Yu Y, Sun Z, Chu Y. In vitro activity of cefditoren and other comparators against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections in China. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 73:187-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tempera G, Furneri PM, Carlone NA, Cocuzza C, Rigoli R, Musumeci R, Pilloni AP, Prenna M, Tufano MA, Tullio V, Vitali LA, Nicoletti G. Antibiotic susceptibility of respiratory pathogens recently isolated in Italy: focus on cefditoren. J Chemother 2010; 22:153-9. [PMID: 20566418 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2010.22.3.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of respiratory pathogens recently isolated in Italy to commonly used antibiotics including cefditoren. Six clinical microbiological laboratories collected, between January and September 2009, a total of 2,510 respiratory pathogens from subjects with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTI). Ceftditoren, out of all the beta-lactams studied, had the lowest MIC(90 )against 965 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae examined, followed by cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (2% resistance in penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP)). Against 470 Haemophilus influenzae , independently of their production of beta-lactamases or ampicillin resistance, cefditoren was the oral cephalosporin with the best in vitro activity, comparable to that of the injectable cephalosporins and levofloxacin. Higher MIC(90)s were found for the macrolides (4 - 16 mg/l) and cefaclor (4 - 32 mg/l). As was foreseeable, Streptococcus pyogenes (225 strains) was uniformly sensitive to all the beta-lactam antibiotics, but the elevated MIC(90 )values reduced (<75%) susceptibility of this pathogen to macrolides. Beta-lactamase-negative Moraxella catarrhalis (100 strains) had reduced susceptibility only to the macrolides, while the 250 beta-lactamase-producing strains also had reduced susceptibility to cefuroxime. Levofloxacin showed the lowest MIC(50)/MIC(90 )values in the producing strains, whereas cefditoren, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone in the non-producers. As regards the enterobacteriaceae, cefditoren and levofloxacin had the lowest MIC(90)s against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Cefditoren and the third-generation injectable cephalosporins had the lowest MIC(90)s against Escherichia coli (100% susceptibility) while levofloxacin was less active (86% susceptibility).In conclusion, cefditoren's wide spectrum and high intrinsic activity, as well as its capacity to overcome most of the resistance that has become consolidated in some classes of antibiotics widely used as empiric therapy for CARTI, allows us to suggest that cefditoren might be included in the european guidelines as one of the first-choice antibiotics in the treatment of CARTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tempera
- Department of Microbiological and Gynecological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.
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Suzuki K, Nishimaki K, Okuyama K, Katoh T, Yasujima M, Chihara J, Suwabe A, Shibata Y, Takahashi C, Takeda H, Ida S, Kaku M, Watanabe A, Nukiwa T, Niitsuma K, Kanemitsu K, Takayanagi M, Ohno I. Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Tohoku district of Japan: a longitudinal analysis from 1998 to 2007. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2010; 220:47-57. [PMID: 20046052 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.220.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial agents has dramatically increased worldwide. Susceptibility to nine antimicrobial agents and serotypes were determined among 1,644 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with RTIs in the Tohoku district of Japan from October to December every year from 1998 to 2007. The prevalence of penicillin G-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP) strains increased gradually from 48.5% in 1998, reached a statistical peak in 2004 (65.1%) and then decreased to 51.5% in 2007. Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with each serotype 3, 6, 19 and 23 were constantly detected, and the distribution of these serotypes in PNSP strains did not significantly change during the study period. A trend of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains nonsusceptible to other beta-lactams tested was similar to that of PNSP strains, except for cefditoren, to which the resistance rate was < 20% throughout the analysis period. The prevalence of strains nonsusceptible to erythromycin and minocycline were consistently > 60%. Almost all penicillin G-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) strains were resistant to both erythromycin and minocycline throughout the analysis period. The prevalence of strains resistant to fluoroquinolones tested were < 3% over the study period. Our longitudinal surveillance demonstrated for the first time that decreased prevalence of both beta-lactam- and multidrug-resistant strains has been occurring since 2004 in a region of Japan. Careful monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae should be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Suzuki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Hedrick JA. Community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections and the role of third-generation oral cephalosporins. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2009; 8:15-21. [PMID: 20014898 DOI: 10.1586/eri.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Common community-acquired infections include those of the upper respiratory tract. In the 1990s, the antimicrobial treatment of upper respiratory tract infections focused on penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, following the introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, a decrease in invasive pneumococcal disease occurred, and in the case of otitis media a shift towards Haemophilus influenzae as the predominant causative pathogen was observed. Future antimicrobial therapy for outpatient upper respiratory tract infections may need to focus on pathogens such as penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae, beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae, beta-lactamase-negative amoxicillin-resistant H. influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. In these circumstances, third-generation oral cephalosporins, such as cefixime and cefdinir, could be increasingly used as an optional first-line therapy in community practice for upper respiratory tract infections suspected to be caused by these key pathogens, as an alternative to amoxicillin-clavulanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hedrick
- Medical Director Kentucky Pediatric and Adult Research, 201 S. 5th St Bardstown, KY 40004, USA.
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Siempos II, Michalopoulos A, Falagas ME. Treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009; 10:1173-82. [PMID: 19405791 DOI: 10.1517/14656560902907734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversies persist regarding the optimal management of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the available evidence on relevant issues, namely the need for administering antimicrobials in patients with AECB, the identification of the subgroup of patients with AECB needing antibiotics, the antimicrobial regimen of choice and its optimal duration, the existence of new agents, and the value of non-antimicrobial regimens for AECB. METHODS Data from various sources of evidence, including recent relevant meta-analyses, were appraised. CONCLUSION Administration of antimicrobial agents, combined with bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids, is warranted in approximately half of AECBs (i.e., in bacterial exacerbations) to achieve a survival benefit. Simple clinical parameters, mainly sputum purulence, and biomarkers, such as procalcitonin, are useful in identifying patients requiring antibiotics. Advanced antibiotics (quinolones, macrolides, or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) are more effective than 'old' antibiotics in AECB; regimens of short duration (for 5 days) are preferred. There is no difference between several classes of advanced antibiotics regarding their short-term effectiveness; however, quinolones are associated with better long-term outcomes than macrolides. Newer quinolones and new formulations of macrolides enrich clinicians' armamentarium against AECB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias I Siempos
- Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 9 Neapoleos Street, 151 23 Marousi, Greece
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Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN. Update of cefditoren activity tested against community-acquired pathogens associated with infections of the respiratory tract and skin and skin structures, including recent pharmacodynamic considerations. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 64:202-12. [PMID: 19321284 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance rates have noticeably increased among commonly isolated species associated with respiratory tract infections and skin and skin structure infections, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Cefditoren, an oral 3rd-generation-like cephalosporin, has been shown to be very active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative species with favorable attributes including bactericidal activity and stability against many beta-lactamase enzymes. Clinical trial data worldwide support the use of cefditoren for infections and species that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA). This review and a contemporary study report provide an update of clinical trial and in vitro data for cefditoren especially against pathogens within the spectrum of activity since 2002. A large collection of 7279 clinical isolates collected during 2002 and 2003 from medical centers in North and Latin America and Europe were tested to confirm cefditoren potency and spectrum compared with other oral cephalosporins and other class agents. Isolates were tested at a reference laboratory using reference broth microdilution methods. Cefditoren was shown to be active against nearly all (>99%) isolates of penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae isolates (MIC(90), < or = 0.03 microg/mL) and was the most potent orally administered cephalosporin against this organism. Cefditoren was the most active oral cephem tested against Haemophilus influenzae (MIC(90), < or = 0.03 microg/mL) and had >99% activity versus both beta-lactamase-positive and beta-lactamase-negative isolates. The potency of cefditoren (MIC(90), 0.5 microg/mL) was similar to that of amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefdinir (MIC(90), 0.25 microg/mL) when tested against Moraxella catarrhalis. Cefditoren was the most potent cephalosporin tested against oxacillin-susceptible S. aureus with an MIC(90) value of only 1 microg/mL, and it was 100% active against the tested beta-hemolytic streptococci. Using the data generated from the large collection of isolates tested in this global surveillance collection, as well as other summarized supporting studies and clinical trial information, we show that cefditoren has sustained in vitro activity and documented clinical efficacy for indications that have been approved by regulators (US-FDA).
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Stefani S, Mezzatesta ML, Fadda G, Mattina R, Palù G, Rossano F, Tufano MA, Schito GC, Nicoletti G. Antibacterial activity of cefditoren against major community-acquired respiratory pathogens recently isolated in Italy. J Chemother 2009; 20:561-9. [PMID: 19028617 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2008.20.5.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the in vitro activities of cefditoren--a broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin--and other comparator agents against 2,396 fresh isolates from community-acquired respiratory tract infections, collected from 6 clinical Italian microbiology laboratories. On penicillin-susceptible pneumococci and Streptococcus pyogenes, cefditoren demonstrated to be the most active antibiotic (MIC(90)values of 0.03 and 0.06 mg/L respectively), showing only a slight decrease in potency on penicillin-intermediate and resistant pneumococci (MIC(90)value 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L respectively). All the other comparators displayed MIC(90 )values of 4 - 8 mg/L for penicillins and of 4 to >64 mg/L for the oral cephalosporins. Cefditoren and levofloxacin were the most active against MSSA (MIC(90)0.5 mg/mL). Cefditoren displayed a uniformly potent inhibitory activity (MIC(90)of 0.03 mg/L) against all strains of Haemophilus influenzae, regardless of their ampicillin resistance (mediated or not by beta-lactamase production), while against Moraxella catarrhalis MIC(90)values were higher against beta-lactamase-positive (0.25 mg/L). Cefditoren was active also against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli : in this case its activity was comparable with that of levofloxacin. In conclusion, cefditoren, due to its potent activity, is a new effective therapeutic option for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stefani
- Department of Microbiological and Gynecological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
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Prulifloxacin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD in cigarette smokers. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2008; 2:209-14. [DOI: 10.1177/1753465808094914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is associated with an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in adults likely because components in the smoke might alter properties of the epithelial cell surface. In studies with smokers suffering from acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), the most common bacterial pathogens found were mainly Haemophilus influenzae, but also Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Therefore, antibiotics should be effective against such possible pathogens. Prulifloxacin has demonstrated in vitro activity against all these pathogens. We designed the present study to evaluate the efficacy of prulifloxacin in the treatment of AECOPD in cigarette smokers. We enrolled 61 consecutive smokers hospitalized or out-patients of either sex with symptoms and signs compatible with the usual diagnosis criteria for AECOPD. Haemophilus influenzae was the most common bacterial species isolated in the sputum (in 42.6% of the total sample), followed by S. pneumoniae (16.5%), S. aureus (14.7%), M. catarrhalis (11.5%), and others (14.7%). Prulifloxacin 600 mg was given orally once daily for 10 days. Clinical success was observed in 91.8% of patients (67.2% cured and 24.6% improved). Bacteriological eradication rate of H. influenzae was 100%. Persistent pathogens were S. pneumoniae (2 out of 10), S. aureus (1 out of 8), M. catarrhalis (1 out of 7), and P. aeruginosa (1 out of 3). This study seems to indicate that prulifloxacin is of particular value in the treatment of AECOPD in cigarette smokers.
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Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN, Fritsche TR. Antimicrobial activity of cefditoren tested against contemporary (2004-2006) isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the United States. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 61:240-4. [PMID: 18353594 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Among orally administered cephalosporins, aminopenicillins (+/- clavulanate), and macrolides, cefditoren was the most potent agent against Haemophilus influenzae (MIC(50/90), < or =0.008/0.03 microg/mL; 316 isolates including 100 beta-lactamase-positive and 10 beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant [BLNAR]) and was 32-, 64-, and 512-fold more potent than cefdinir, cefuroxime, and cefprozil, respectively. Cefditoren (MIC(50), 0.03 microg/mL) was also > or =32-fold more active against BLNAR phenotypes, although newer macrolides provided complete coverage against these strains. All Moraxella catarrhalis isolates were inhibited by cefditoren (0.5 microg/mL), including beta-lactamase producers (MIC(50), 0.12 vs < or =0.008 microg/mL). Cefditoren retains potent activity against respiratory tract isolates in the United States, including those with resistance phenotypes.
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Hadley JA, Fritsche TR. The role of newer orally administered cephalosporins in contemporary outpatient practice. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 57:1S-3S. [PMID: 17292574 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A Hadley
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14607, USA
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