1
|
Freire CMADS, Taunay-Rodrigues A, Gonzatti MB, Fonseca FMP, Freire JEDC. New insights about the EptA protein and its correlation with the pmrC gene in polymyxin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100042. [PMID: 34841333 PMCID: PMC8610356 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational biology. Bacterial resistance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram-negative bacteria. Polymyxin.
Nowadays, clinical and scientific interest in antibiotics, as polymyxin, has increased due to the large number of reports of multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria, as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim of this study was to investigate a related group of proteins for resistance to polymyxins, encoded by P. aeruginosa genome, through in silico analysis. The mobilized colistin resistance 1 (MCR1) protein from Escherichia coli was used for comparison. Similar sequences to the protein MCR1 in P. aeruginosa were analysed for physicochemical properties. 31 protein isoforms in P. aeruginosa (EptA) were found able to confer resistance to polymyxin showing protein lengths between 551 and 572 amino acids, with molecular mass values between 61.36 - 62. 80 kDa, isoelectric point between 6.10 to 7.17, instability index between 33.76 to 41.87, aliphatic index between 98.67 to 102.63 and the hydropathyindex between - 0.008 to 0.094. These proteins belong to the DUF1705 superfamily with bit-score values between 559.81 and 629.78. A high degree of similarity between EpTAs in P. aeruginosa was observed in relation to other proteins that confer resistance to polymyxins, present in Gram-negative bacteria species of clinical interest. Although, further studies are needed to identify the actual contribution of EptAs in P. aeruginosa species.
Collapse
|
2
|
Shprung T, Wani NA, Wilmes M, Mangoni ML, Bitler A, Shimoni E, Sahl HG, Shai Y. Opposing Effects of PhoPQ and PmrAB on the Properties of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium: Implications on Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides. Biochemistry 2021; 60:2943-2955. [PMID: 34547893 PMCID: PMC8638962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The increasing number of resistant
bacteria is a major threat worldwide,
leading to the search for new antibiotic agents. One of the leading
strategies is the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cationic and
hydrophobic innate immune defense peptides. A major target of AMPs
is the bacterial membrane. Notably, accumulating data suggest that
AMPs can activate the two-component systems (TCSs) of Gram-negative
bacteria. These include PhoP-PhoQ (PhoPQ) and PmrA-PmrB (PmrAB), responsible
for remodeling of the bacterial cell surface. To better understand
this mechanism, we utilized bacteria deficient either in one system
alone or in both and biophysical tools including fluorescence spectroscopy,
single-cell atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, and mass
spectrometry (MoskowitzS. M.;Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.2012, 56, 1019−103022106224; ChengH. Y.;J. Biomed. Sci.2010, 17, 6020653976). Our data suggested that the two systems have opposing
effects on the properties of Salmonella enterica. The knockout of PhoPQ made the bacteria more susceptible to AMPs
by making the surface less rigid, more polarized, and permeable with
a slightly more negatively charged cell wall. In addition, the periplasmic
space is thinner. In contrast, the knockout of PmrAB did not affect
its susceptibility, while it made the bacterial outer layer very rigid,
less polarized, and less permeable than the other two mutants, with
a negatively charged cell wall similar to the WT. Overall, the data
suggest that the coexistence of systems with opposing effects on the
biophysical properties of the bacteria contribute to their membrane
flexibility, which, on the one hand, is important to accommodate changing
environments and, on the other hand, may inhibit the development of
meaningful resistance to AMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Shprung
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naiem Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Miriam Wilmes
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Section, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, CU27, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Arkadi Bitler
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hans-Georg Sahl
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Section, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yechiel Shai
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang J, Li C, Song J, Velkov T, Wang L, Zhu Y, Li J. Regulating polymyxin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria: roles of two-component systems PhoPQ and PmrAB. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:445-459. [PMID: 32250173 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin) are last-line antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Polymyxin resistance is increasing worldwide, with resistance most commonly regulated by two-component systems such as PmrAB and PhoPQ. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms of PhoPQ and PmrAB in mediating polymyxin resistance, from receiving an external stimulus through to activation of genes responsible for lipid A modifications. By analyzing the reported nonsynonymous substitutions in each two-component system, we identified the domains that are critical for polymyxin resistance. Notably, for PmrB 71% of resistance-conferring nonsynonymous mutations occurred in the HAMP (present in histidine kinases, adenylate cyclases, methyl accepting proteins and phosphatase) linker and DHp (dimerization and histidine phosphotransfer) domains. These results enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underpinning polymyxin resistance and may assist with the development of new strategies to minimize resistance emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Huang
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute & Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Chen Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute & Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia.,Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jiangning Song
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute & Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute & Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute & Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silveira MC, Rocha-de-Souza CM, Albano RM, de Oliveira Santos IC, Carvalho-Assef APD. Exploring the success of Brazilian endemic clone Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST277 and its association with the CRISPR-Cas system type I-C. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:255. [PMID: 32293244 PMCID: PMC7092672 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Brazilian endemic clone Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST277 carries important antibiotic resistance determinants, highlighting the gene coding for SPM-1 carbapenemase. However, the resistance and persistence of this clone is apparently restricted to the Brazilian territory. To understand the differences between Brazilian strains from those isolated in other countries, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of 47 P. aeruginosa ST277 genomes as well as analyzed the virulence and resistance gene profiles. Furthermore, we evaluated the distribution of genomic islands and assessed in detail the characteristics of the CRISPR-Cas immunity system in these isolates. RESULTS The Brazilian genomes presented a typical set of resistance and virulence determinants, genomic islands and a high frequency of the CRISPR-Cas system type I-C. Even though the ST277 genomes are closely related, the phylogenetic analysis showed that the Brazilian strains share a great number of exclusively SNPs when compared to other ST277 genomes. We also observed a standard CRISPR spacers content for P. aeruginosa ST277, confirming a strong link between sequence type and spacer acquisition. Most CRISPR spacer targets were phage sequences. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, P. aeruginosa ST277 strains circulating in Brazil characteristically acquired In163 and PAGI-25, which can distinguish them from strains that do not accumulate resistance mechanisms and can be found on the Asian, European and North American continents. The distinctive genetic elements accumulated in Brazilian samples can contribute to the resistance, pathogenicity and transmission success that characterize the ST277 in this country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melise Chaves Silveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Marcos Rocha-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho Mattos Albano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, fundos, andar 4, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Ivson Cassiano de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula D'Alincourt Carvalho-Assef
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Survey on Some Carbapenems and Colistin Resistance Genes Among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Burn and Cystic Fibrosis Patients, Tehran, Iran. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.93651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
6
|
Jácome PRLDA, Alves LR, Jácome-Júnior AT, Silva MJBD, Lima JLDC, Araújo PSR, Lopes ACS, Maciel MAV. Detection of bla
SPM-1, bla
KPC, bla
TEM and bla
CTX-M genes in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. from cancer patients with healthcare-associated infections. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:658-665. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Regina Luna de Araújo Jácome
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – Departamento de Medicina Tropical – Programa de Pós- Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Lílian Rodrigues Alves
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – Departamento de Medicina Tropical – Programa de Pós- Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Agenor Tavares Jácome-Júnior
- Faculdade ASCES – Laboratório de Microbiologia, Bromatologia e Análise de Água, Av. Portugal, 584 – Bairro Universitario, Caruaru-PE 55016-400, Brazil
| | - Maria Jesuíta Bezerra da Silva
- Centro Integrado de Análises Clínicas, Avenida Norte Miguel Arraes de Alencar, 2535 – Encruzilhada, Recife – PE 52041-080, Brazil
| | - Jailton Lobo da Costa Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – Departamento de Medicina Tropical – Programa de Pós- Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Ramos Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – Departamento de Medicina Tropical – Programa de Pós- Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE 50670-901, Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) – Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães, Av. Moraes Rego, s/n – Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina S. Lopes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – Departamento de Medicina Tropical – Programa de Pós- Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Amélia Vieira Maciel
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – Departamento de Medicina Tropical – Programa de Pós- Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE 50670-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evolved resistance to colistin and its loss due to genetic reversion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25543. [PMID: 27150578 PMCID: PMC4858706 DOI: 10.1038/srep25543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased reliance on colistin for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections has resulted in the emergence of colistin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We attempted to identify genetic contributors to colistin resistance in vitro evolved isogenic colistin-resistant and -susceptible strains of two P. aeruginosa lineages (P5 and P155). Their evolutionary paths to acquisition and loss of colistin resistance were also tracked. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 13 and five colistin resistance determinants in the P5 and P155 lineages, respectively. Lipid A in colistin-resistant mutants was modified through the addition of 4-amino-L-arabinose; this modification was absent in colistin-susceptible revertant strains. Many amino acid substitutions that emerged during the acquisition of colistin resistance were reversed in colistin-susceptible revertants. We demonstrated that evolved colistin resistance in P. aeruginosa was mediated by a complicated regulatory network that likely emerges through diverse genetic alterations. Colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa became susceptible to the colistin upon its withdrawal because of genetic reversion. The mechanisms through which P. aeruginosa acquires and loses colistin resistance have implications on the treatment options that can be applied against P. aeruginosa infections, with respect to improving bactericidal efficacy and preventing further resistance to antibiotics.
Collapse
|
8
|
Preservation of Acquired Colistin Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:609-12. [PMID: 26459897 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01574-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin-resistant mutants were obtained from 17 colistin-susceptible strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The stability of colistin resistance in these mutants was investigated. Three of four colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa mutants recovered colistin susceptibility in colistin-free medium; however, colistin-susceptible revertants were obtained from only one strain each of A. baumannii and E. coli. No susceptible revertants were obtained from K. pneumoniae mutants.
Collapse
|
9
|
Oliver A, Mulet X, López-Causapé C, Juan C. The increasing threat of Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-risk clones. Drug Resist Updat 2015; 21-22:41-59. [PMID: 26304792 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of chronic and hospital-acquired infections produced by multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This growing threat results from the extraordinary capacity of this pathogen for developing resistance through chromosomal mutations and from the increasing prevalence of transferable resistance determinants, particularly those encoding carbapenemases or extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). P. aeruginosa has a nonclonal epidemic population structure, composed of a limited number of widespread clones which are selected from a background of a large quantity of rare and unrelated genotypes that are recombining at high frequency. Indeed, recent concerning reports have provided evidence of the existence of MDR/XDR global clones, denominated high-risk clones, disseminated in hospitals worldwide; ST235, ST111, and ST175 are likely those more widespread. Noteworthy, the vast majority of infections by MDR, and specially XDR, strains are produced by these and few other clones worldwide. Moreover, the association of high-risk clones, particularly ST235, with transferable resistance is overwhelming; nearly 100 different horizontally-acquired resistance elements and up to 39 different acquired β-lactamases have been reported so far among ST235 isolates. Likewise, MDR internationally-disseminated epidemic strains, such as the Liverpool Epidemic Strain (LES, ST146), have been noted as well among cystic fibrosis patients. Here we review the population structure, epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and virulence of the P. aeruginosa high-risk clones. The phenotypic and genetic factors potentially driving the success of high-risk clones, the aspects related to their detection in the clinical microbiology laboratory and the implications for infection control and public health are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Ctra. Valldemossa 79, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Xavier Mulet
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Ctra. Valldemossa 79, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carla López-Causapé
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Ctra. Valldemossa 79, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Ctra. Valldemossa 79, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Poole K. Stress responses as determinants of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: multidrug efflux and more. Can J Microbiol 2015; 60:783-91. [PMID: 25388098 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notoriously antimicrobial-resistant organism that is increasingly refractory to antimicrobial chemotherapy. While the usual array of acquired resistance mechanisms contribute to resistance development in this organism a multitude of endogenous genes also play a role. These include a variety of multidrug efflux loci that contribute to both intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance. Despite their roles in resistance, however, it is clear that these efflux systems function in more than just antimicrobial efflux. Indeed, recent data indicate that they are recruited in response to environmental stress and, therefore, function as components of the organism's stress responses. In fact, a number of endogenous resistance-promoting genes are linked to environmental stress, functioning as part of known stress responses or recruited in response to a variety of environmental stress stimuli. Stress responses are, thus, important determinants of antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa. As such, they represent possible therapeutic targets in countering antimicrobial resistance in this organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Poole
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Botterell Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee JY, Chung ES, Na IY, Kim H, Shin D, Ko KS. Development of colistin resistance in pmrA-, phoP-, parR- and cprR-inactivated mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:2966-71. [PMID: 24994873 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colistin susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure that is controlled by the modulation of several two-component regulatory systems. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the role of these two-component systems in the development of colistin resistance in P. aeruginosa. METHODS pmrA-, phoP-, parR- or cprR-inactivated mutants were constructed from a colistin-susceptible P5 strain. Colistin-resistant mutants (P5R, P5ΔpmrA-R, P5ΔphoP-R, P5ΔparR-R and P5ΔcprR-R) were developed in vitro from a wild-type strain (P5) and pmrA-, phoP-, parR- or cprR-inactivated mutants by serial passage in colistin-containing media. Expression levels of the pmrA, phoP, parR, cprR and arnB genes were determined and amino acid alterations of two-component regulatory systems during development of colistin resistance were also investigated. RESULTS While P5ΔpmrA-R, P5ΔparR-R and P5ΔcprR-R showed elevated expression of the phoP gene, the expression levels of the pmrA, parR and cprR genes were not different between gene-inactivated mutants and the adapted colistin-resistant mutants. P5ΔphoP-R showed no significant elevation in expression of any of the pmrA, parR or cprR genes. The arnB gene was overexpressed in all in vitro-selected colistin-resistant mutants compared with colistin-susceptible wild-type and gene-inactivated mutants. Three amino acid alterations in PhoQ and three in ParS were identified in induced colistin-resistant mutants. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that individual two-component systems may not be essential for the acquisition of colistin resistance in P. aeruginosa. The PhoPQ two-component system may play a major role in the development of colistin resistance in our strains, but alternative or compensatory pathways may exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun Seon Chung
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - In Young Na
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyunkeun Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Shin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Ko
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee JY, Na IY, Park YK, Ko KS. Genomic variations between colistin-susceptible and -resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates and their effects on colistin resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1248-56. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
13
|
Lee JY, Ko KS. Mutations and expression of PmrAB and PhoPQ related with colistin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 78:271-6. [PMID: 24412662 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To comprehend the resistance of colistin resistance, we investigated the relationships between amino acid alterations and expression of PmrAB and PhoPQ and colistin resistance in 16 colistin-nonsusceptible clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. In addition, we obtained induced colistin-resistant mutants and their colistin-susceptible revertants. Expression levels of the pmrA, phoP, parR, cprR, and pmrH genes were determined for them. Nine amino acid substitutions unique to 10 colistin-nonsusceptible P. aeruginosa (CNPA) isolates were identified: 7 in PmrB and 1 each in PmrA and PhoQ. However, 6 CNPA isolates did not show amino acid substitutions compared with colistin-susceptible P. aeruginosa isolates. Among 16 CNPA isolates, 7 and 8 isolates displayed activated expression of pmrA and phoP, respectively. Activated expression of pmrA and/or phoP was identified in 13 isolates of CNPA isolates, but some had no noticeable PmrAB and PhoPQ amino acid substitutions. In addition, in vitro selected colistin-resistant mutants (P5R and P155R) showed higher expression level in pmrA, phoP, and pmrH than their parent strains (P5 and P155) and colistin-susceptible, revertant strains (P5R-rev and P155R-rev). However, expression of the parR and cprR genes was not consistent. Our data may indicate that amino acid substitutions of PmrAB or PhoPQ do not have an immediate connection with decreased susceptibility of colistin in P. aeruginosa isolates, although activated expression of pmrAB and/or phoPQ resulting in overexpression of pmrH may be required for colistin resistance. Expression of pmrAB or phoPQ related with colistin nonsusceptibility may not explained by a single mechanism, which may suggest that colistin resistance appears easily by diverse pathways in clinical settings as well as in laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Ko
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lopez-Camacho E, Gomez-Gil R, Tobes R, Manrique M, Lorenzo M, Galvan B, Salvarelli E, Moatassim Y, Salanueva IJ, Pareja E, Codoner FM, Alvarez-Tejado M, Garcillan-Barcia MP, De la Cruz F, Mingorance J. Genomic analysis of the emergence and evolution of multidrug resistance during a Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak including carbapenem and colistin resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:632-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
15
|
Mutational activation of the AmgRS two-component system in aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2243-51. [PMID: 23459488 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00170-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The amgRS operon encodes a presumed membrane stress-responsive two-component system linked to intrinsic aminoglycoside resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Genome sequencing of a lab isolate showing modest pan-aminoglycoside resistance, strain K2979, revealed a number of mutations, including a substitution in amgS that produced an R182C change in the AmgS sensor kinase product of this gene. Introduction of this mutation into an otherwise wild-type strain recapitulated the resistance phenotype, while correcting the mutation in the resistant mutant abrogated the resistant phenotype, confirming that the amgS mutation is responsible for the aminoglycoside resistance of strain K2979. The amgSR182 mutation promoted an AmgR-dependent, 2- to 3-fold increase in expression of the AmgRS target genes htpX and PA5528, mirroring the impact of aminoglycoside exposure of wild-type cells on htpX and PA5528 expression. This suggests that amgSR182 is a gain-of-function mutation that activates AmgS and the AmgRS two-component system in promoting modest resistance to aminoglycosides. Screening of several pan-aminoglycoside-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa revealed three that showed elevated htpX and PA5528 expression and harbored single amino acid-altering mutations in amgS (V121G or D106N) and no mutations in amgR. Introduction of the amgSV121G mutation into wild-type P. aeruginosa generated a resistance phenotype reminiscent of the amgSR182 mutant and produced a 2- to 3-fold increase in htpX and PA5528 expression, confirming that it, too, is a gain-of-function aminoglycoside resistance-promoting mutation. These results highlight the contribution of amgS mutations and activation of the AmgRS two-component system to acquired aminoglycoside resistance in lab and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kuhn ML, Majorek KA, Minor W, Anderson WF. Broad-substrate screen as a tool to identify substrates for bacterial Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferases with unknown substrate specificity. Protein Sci 2013; 22:222-30. [PMID: 23184347 PMCID: PMC3588918 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to a combination of efforts from individual laboratories and structural genomics centers, there has been a surge in the number of members of the Gcn5-related acetyltransferasesuperfamily that have been structurally determined within the past decade. Although the number of three-dimensional structures is increasing steadily, we know little about the individual functions of these enzymes. Part of the difficulty in assigning functions for members of this superfamily is the lack of information regarding how substrates bind to the active site of the protein. The majority of the structures do not show ligand bound in the active site, and since the substrate-binding domain is not strictly conserved, it is difficult to predict the function based on structure alone. Additionally, the enzymes are capable of acetylating a wide variety of metabolites and many may exhibit promiscuity regarding their ability to acetylate multiple classes of substrates, possibly having multiple functions for the same enzyme. Herein, we present an approach to identify potential substrates for previously uncharacterized members of the Gcn5-related acetyltransferase superfamily using a variety of metabolites including polyamines, amino acids, antibiotics, peptides, vitamins, catecholamines, and other metabolites. We have identified potential substrates for eight bacterial enzymes of this superfamily. This information will be used to further structurally and functionally characterize them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misty L Kuhn
- Department of Pharmacology and Cellular Biology, Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Karolina A Majorek
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of VirginiaCharlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Wladek Minor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of VirginiaCharlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Wayne F Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cellular Biology, Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, Illinois 60611
| |
Collapse
|