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Venne DM, Hartley DM, Malchione MD, Koch M, Britto AY, Goodman JL. Review and analysis of the overlapping threats of carbapenem and polymyxin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella in Africa. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 37013626 PMCID: PMC10071777 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales are among the most serious antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threats. Emerging resistance to polymyxins raises the specter of untreatable infections. These resistant organisms have spread globally but, as indicated in WHO reports, the surveillance needed to identify and track them is insufficient, particularly in less resourced countries. This study employs comprehensive search strategies with data extraction, meta-analysis and mapping to help address gaps in the understanding of the risks of carbapenem and polymyxin resistance in the nations of Africa. METHODS Three comprehensive Boolean searches were constructed and utilized to query scientific and medical databases as well as grey literature sources through the end of 2019. Search results were screened to exclude irrelevant results and remaining studies were examined for relevant information regarding carbapenem and/or polymyxin(s) susceptibility and/or resistance amongst E. coli and Klebsiella isolates from humans. Such data and study characteristics were extracted and coded, and the resulting data was analyzed and geographically mapped. RESULTS Our analysis yielded 1341 reports documenting carbapenem resistance in 40 of 54 nations. Resistance among E. coli was estimated as high (> 5%) in 3, moderate (1-5%) in 8 and low (< 1%) in 14 nations with at least 100 representative isolates from 2010 to 2019, while present in 9 others with insufficient isolates to support estimates. Carbapenem resistance was generally higher among Klebsiella: high in 10 nations, moderate in 6, low in 6, and present in 11 with insufficient isolates for estimates. While much less information was available concerning polymyxins, we found 341 reports from 33 of 54 nations, documenting resistance in 23. Resistance among E. coli was high in 2 nations, moderate in 1 and low in 6, while present in 10 with insufficient isolates for estimates. Among Klebsiella, resistance was low in 8 nations and present in 8 with insufficient isolates for estimates. The most widespread associated genotypes were, for carbapenems, blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-181 and, for polymyxins, mcr-1, mgrB, and phoPQ/pmrAB. Overlapping carbapenem and polymyxin resistance was documented in 23 nations. CONCLUSIONS While numerous data gaps remain, these data show that significant carbapenem resistance is widespread in Africa and polymyxin resistance is also widely distributed, indicating the need to support robust AMR surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship and infection control in a manner that also addresses broader animal and environmental health dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Venne
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - David M Hartley
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Marissa D Malchione
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Sabin Vaccine Institute, Influenza Vaccine Innovation, 2175 K St NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Michala Koch
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Anjali Y Britto
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jesse L Goodman
- Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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2
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Liu C, Huang L, Shu L, Sun Q, Zhou H, Huang Y, Cai C, Wu X, Chen S, Zhang R. Increased clonal dissemination of OXA-232-producing ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae in Zhejiang, China from 2018 to 2021. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:25. [PMID: 36949496 PMCID: PMC10031881 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OXA-232-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was first identified in China in 2016, and its clonal transmission was reported in 2019. However, there are no prevalence and genotypic surveillance data available for OXA-232 in China. Therefore, we investigated the trends and characteristics of OXA-232 type carbapenemase in Zhejiang Province, China from 2018 to 2021. METHODS A total of 3278 samples from 1666 patients in the intensive care units were collected from hospitals in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2021. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were initially selected by China Blue agar plates supplemented with 0.3 μg/ml meropenem, and further analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry identification, immune colloidal gold technique, conjugation experiment, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing. RESULTS A total of 79 OXA-producing strains were recovered, with the prevalence increased from 1.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-3.7%] in 2018 to 6.0% (95% CI: 4.4-7.9%) in 2021. Seventy-eight strains produced OXA-232 and one produced OXA-181. The blaOXA-232 gene in all strains was located in a 6141-bp ColKP3-type non-conjugative plasmid and the blaOXA-181 gene was located in a 51,391-bp ColKP3/IncX3-type non-conjugative plasmid. The blaOXA-232-producing K. pneumoniae was dominated (75/76) by isolates of sequence type 15 (ST15) that differed by less than 80 SNPs. All OXA-producing strains (100%, 95% CI: 95.4-100.0%) were multidrug-resistant. CONCLUSIONS From 2018 to 2021, OXA-232 is the most prevalent OXA-48-like derivative in Zhejiang Province, and ST15 K. pneumoniae isolates belonging to the same clone are the major carriers. The transmission of ColKP3-type plasmid to E. coli highlighted that understanding the transmission mechanism is of great importance to delay or arrest the propagation of OXA-232 to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingbin Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonglu Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- The Clinical Laboratory, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Moglad E, Alanazi N, Altayb HN. Genomic Study of Chromosomally and Plasmid-Mediated Multidrug Resistance and Virulence Determinants in Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates Obtained from a Tertiary Hospital in Al-Kharj, KSA. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1564. [PMID: 36358219 PMCID: PMC9686629 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emergent pathogen causing respiratory tract, bloodstream, and urinary tract infections in humans. This study defines the genomic sequence data, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of K. pneumoniae clinically isolated from Al-Kharj, KSA. Whole-genome analysis of four K. pneumoniae strains was performed, including de novo assembly, functional annotation, whole-genome-phylogenetic analysis, antibiotic-resistant gene identification, prophage regions, virulent factor, and pan-genome analysis. The results showed that K6 and K7 strains were MDR and ESBL producers, K16 was an ESBL producer, and K8 was sensitive to all tested drugs except ampicillin. K6 and K7 were identified with sequence type (ST) 23, while K16 and K8 were identified with STs 353 and 592, respectively. K6 and K7 were identified with the K1 (wzi1 genotype) capsule and O1 serotype, while K8 was identified with the K57 (wzi206 genotype) capsule and O3b. K6 isolates harbored 10 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) associated with four different plasmids; the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (catB3), blaOXA-1 and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were detected in plasmid pB-8922_OXA-48. K6 and K7 also carried a similar gene cassette in plasmid pC1K6P0122-2; the gene cassettes were the trimethoprim-resistant gene (dfrA14), integron integrase (IntI1), insertion sequence (IS1), transposase protein, and replication initiation protein (RepE). Two hypervirulent plasmids were reported in isolates K6 and K7 that carried synthesis genes (iucA, iucB, iucC, iucD, and iutA) and iron siderophore genes (iroB, iroC, iroD, and iroN). The presence of these plasmids in high-risk clones suggests their dissemination in our region, which represents a serious health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuor Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham N. Altayb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Tian C, Xing M, Zhao Y, Fan X, Bai Y, Fu L, Wang S. Whole genome sequencing of OXA-232-producing wzi93-KL112-O1 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in human bloodstream infection co-harboring chromosomal ISEcp1-based blaCTX-M-15 and one rmpA2-associated virulence plasmid. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:984479. [PMID: 36250056 PMCID: PMC9560801 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.984479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To characterize one OXA-232-producing wzi93-KL112-O1 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) co-harboring chromosomal blaCTX-M-15 and one rmpA2-associated virulence plasmid. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured via broth microdilution method. Conjugation, chemical transformation, string test and Galleria mellonella infection model experiments were also conducted. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the Illumina and Nanopore platforms. Antimicrobial resistance determinants were identified using ABRicate program with ResFinder database. Insertion sequences (ISs) were identified using ISfinder. Bacterial virulence factors were identified using virulence factor database (VFDB). Wzi, capsular polysaccharide (KL) and lipoolygosaccharide (OCL) were analyzed using Kleborate with Kaptive. Phylogenetic analysis of 109 ST15 K. pneumoniae strains was performed using core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) on the Ridom SeqSphere+ server. MLST, replicons type, SNP strategies and another cgMLST analysis for 45 OXA-232-producing K. pneumoniae strains were further conducted using BacWGSTdb server. Results K. pneumoniae KPTCM strain belongs to ST15 with wzi93, KL112 and O1. It possessed a multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile and was resistant to carbapenems (meropenem and ertapenem), ciprofloxacin and amikacin. Virulence assays demonstrated KPTCM strain possesses a low virulence phenotype. WGS revealed it contained one circular chromosome and nine plasmids. The carbapenemase-encoding gene blaOXA-232 was located in a 6141-bp ColKP3-type non-conjugative plasmid and flanked by ΔISEcp1 and ΔlysR-ΔereA. Interestingly, blaCTX-M-15 was located in the chromosome mediated by ISEcp1-based transposon Tn2012. Importantly, it harbored a rmpA2-associated pLVPK-like virulence plasmid with iutA-iucABCD gene cluster and one IS26-mediated MDR fusion plasmid according to 8-bp (AGCTGCAC or GGCCTTTG) target site duplications (TSD). Based on the cgMLST and SNP analysis, data showed OXA-232-producing ST15 K. pneumoniae isolates were mainly isolated from China and have evolved in recent years. Conclusions Early detection of CRKP strains carrying chromosomal blaCTX-M-15, OXA-232 carbapenemase and pLVPK-like virulence plasmid is recommended to avoid the extensive spread of this high-risk clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongmei Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Mengyu Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xueyu Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Bai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Liping Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
- *Correspondence: Siwei Wang, ; Liping Fu,
| | - Siwei Wang
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Siwei Wang, ; Liping Fu,
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5
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Ragheb SM, Govinden U, Osei Sekyere J. Genetic support of carbapenemases: a One Health systematic review and meta-analysis of current trends in Africa. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1509:50-73. [PMID: 34753206 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat globally. Carbapenems are β-lactam antibiotics used as last-resort agents for treating antibiotic-resistant infections. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) play an important role in the dissemination and expression of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), including the mobilization of ARGs within and between species. The presence of MGEs around carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes, called carbapenemases, in bacterial isolates in Africa is concerning. The association between MGEs and carbapenemases is described herein. Specific plasmid replicons, integrons, transposons, and insertion sequences were found flanking specific and different carbapenemases across the same and different clones and species isolated from humans, animals, and the environment. Notably, similar genetic contexts have been reported in non-African countries, supporting the importance of MGEs in driving the intra- and interclonal and species transmission of carbapenemases in Africa and globally. Technical and budgetary limitations remain challenges for epidemiological analysis of carbapenemases in Africa, as studies undertaken with whole-genome sequencing remained relatively few. Characterization of MGEs in antibiotic-resistant infections can deepen our understanding of carbapenemase epidemiology and facilitate the control of AMR in Africa. Investment in genomic epidemiology will facilitate faster clinical interventions and containment of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Mohammed Ragheb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Usha Govinden
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - John Osei Sekyere
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, Indiana.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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6
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Emergence and genomics of OXA-232-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a hospital in Yancheng, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 26:194-198. [PMID: 34146740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to infer the phylogenetic relationship of OXA-232-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (OXA232Kp) strains collected from a Chinese hospital and to determine the composition and genetic background of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among these strains. METHODS Three non-duplicate OXA232Kp strains were collected from a Chinese hospital. Whole-genome sequencing was used to determine their genome sequences and then a genomic comparison of ARG-carrying genetic elements from the three strains with related sequences was performed. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by constructing a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree. RESULTS Compared with other Chinese sequence type 15 (ST15)-OXA232Kp strains, the three ST15-OXA232Kp strains in this study could be divided into a single subgroup in phylogenetic relationship. The composition and genetic background of ARGs were identical in the three strains. Three ARG-carrying genetic elements or multidrug resistance (MDR) regions were determined, including a truncated Tn2013-like IS-based transposition unit, a unit transposition Tn6867b and a 40.9-kb MDR region. CONCLUSION This study reported clonal dissemination of ST15-OXA232Kp strains carrying multiple ARGs in a Chinese hospital. A comprehensive evolutionary and genomics analysis provided a deeper understanding of OXA232Kp. Further surveillance and study should be advocated to prevent the dissemination of OXA232Kp strains in China.
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7
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Abid FB, Tsui CKM, Doi Y, Deshmukh A, McElheny CL, Bachman WC, Fowler EL, Albishawi A, Mushtaq K, Ibrahim EB, Doiphode SH, Hamed MM, Almaslmani MA, Alkhal A, Butt AA, Omrani AS. Molecular characterization of clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales from Qatar. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:1779-1785. [PMID: 33616788 PMCID: PMC8295067 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One hundred forty-nine carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales from clinical samples obtained between April 2014 and November 2017 were subjected to whole genome sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing. Klebsiella pneumoniae (81, 54.4%) and Escherichia coli (38, 25.5%) were the most common species. Genes encoding metallo-β-lactamases were detected in 68 (45.8%) isolates, and OXA-48-like enzymes in 60 (40.3%). blaNDM-1 (45; 30.2%) and blaOXA-48 (29; 19.5%) were the most frequent. KPC-encoding genes were identified in 5 (3.6%) isolates. Most common sequence types were E. coli ST410 (8; 21.1%) and ST38 (7; 18.4%), and K. pneumoniae ST147 (13; 16%) and ST231 (7; 8.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ben Abid
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. .,Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar. .,Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Clement K M Tsui
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yohei Doi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Departments of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Anand Deshmukh
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Christi L McElheny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William C Bachman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erin L Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Albishawi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kamran Mushtaq
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Emad B Ibrahim
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sanjay H Doiphode
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manal M Hamed
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muna A Almaslmani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdullatif Alkhal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adeel A Butt
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali S Omrani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Communicable Diseases Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.,Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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8
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Dziri O, Dziri R, Ali El Salabi A, Chouchani C. Carbapenemase Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in Tunisia: History of Thirteen Years of Challenge. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4177-4191. [PMID: 33262613 PMCID: PMC7699306 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s259562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB), constitutes a major public health threat worldwide, owing to the limited therapeutic options. This review will describe and uncover the Tunisian experience in the challenge against carbapenem resistance. Indeed, we illuminate on the dissemination of CR-GNB in different hospitals, animals, and other natural environments in this country. We resumed the different carbapenemase variants detected from various bacterial species and mapped their regional distribution, basing on Tunisian published data during a period extended from 2006, the date of its first description in Tunisia, to February 2019. We also resumed the different mobile genetic elements implicated in their dissemination. This review shows that the majority of the research reports focused in the north and the coastal cities in spite of the fact that KPC and IMP carbapenemases were uncommonly detected in our country. However, VIM, NDM-1, and OXA-48 enzymes were usually reported with the predominance of OXA-48 among Enterobacteriaceae. Furthermore, OXA-23, OXA-51, and OXA-58 carbapenemases constituted the main mechanism conferring carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii in Tunisia. Collaborative efforts and raising awareness of the threat of antibiotic resistance are required in order to minimize the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Dziri
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Research in Sciences and Technology of Environment, High Institute of Science and Technology of Environment, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Dziri
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Allaaeddin Ali El Salabi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.,Infection Control and Patient Safety Office, New Marwa Hospital, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Chedly Chouchani
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Research in Sciences and Technology of Environment, High Institute of Science and Technology of Environment, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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9
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Gamal D, Egea P, Elías C, Fernández-Martínez M, Causse M, Pérez-Nadales E, Salem D, Fam N, Diab M, Aitta AA, El-Defrawy I, Martínez-Martínez L. High-risk clones and novel sequence type ST4497 of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates producing different alleles of NDM-type and other carbapenemases from a single tertiary-care centre in Egypt. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106164. [PMID: 32949764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacteria producing NDM carbapenemases represent a severe diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in healthcare settings. Infections caused by NDM-positive strains are usually associated with high mortality rates and very limited treatment options. A total number of 33 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates were included in this study, comprising 30 recovered from clinical diagnostic samples and 3 cultured from screening rectal swabs taken at patient admission. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by reference broth microdilution and a commercial automated method. Isolates were investigated for carbapenemase production using the β-CARBA test, the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and, for the 30 clinical isolates, by MALDI-TOF/MS, using the MBT STARⓇ-Carba IVD Kit. Carbapenem resistance genes were characterised by PCR and sequencing. Seven different blaNDM gene variants were identified in 94% of the isolates, whilst three variants of blaOXA-48-like were detected in 27% of the isolates. Most CRKP corresponded to high-risk clones (ST147, ST11 and ST15). Novel ST4497 is reported for the first time in this study as well as the first emergence of K. pneumoniae ST231 producing OXA-232 in Egypt. These results indicate an ongoing evolution of the blaNDM genes in our area and confirm the need for a maintained surveillance system in order to monitor the spread of these mobile blaNDM genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Gamal
- Microbiology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt; Unit of Microbiology, Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Pilar Egea
- Unit of Microbiology, Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Elías
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Causse
- Unit of Microbiology, Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Dalia Salem
- Microbiology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nevine Fam
- Microbiology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal Diab
- Microbiology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Aisha Abu Aitta
- Microbiology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Inas El-Defrawy
- Microbiology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Unit of Microbiology, Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
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10
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The Characterization of OXA-232 Carbapenemase-Producing ST437 Klebsiella pneumoniae in China. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 2020:5626503. [PMID: 32724486 PMCID: PMC7366223 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5626503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) was epidemic around the world and become a global threat to public health. The most important carbapenem-resistant mechanism is producing carbapenemases, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), which is prevalent in the international clonal complex CC11. The high-risk multidrug-resistant CC11 is widespread worldwide, and KPC-producing and (New Delhi metallo) NDM-producing strains had been reported in this clonal complex before; moreover, cases with the CC11 strain faced more severe forms of drug resistance and treatment challenges than other clonal complexes. In this study, we identified an OXA-232-producing ST437 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate in China, which belonged to CC11. The isolate was resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones but susceptible to fosfomycin, tigecycline, and colistin. The bla OXA-232 gene was located on a 6141 bp ColKP3-type nonconjugative plasmid, and the plasmid was transformed by chemical transformation successfully. This is the first report of OXA-232-producing ST437 K. pneumoniae in China, a new clone of high-risk multidrug-resistant CC11.
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11
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Tajik S, Shokri F, Rostamnezhad M, Khoshnood S, Mortazavi SM, Sholeh M, Kouhsari E. Fosfomycin: A look at its various aspects. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Surveillance studies have shown that OXA-48-like carbapenemases are the most common carbapenemases in Enterobacterales in certain regions of the world and are being introduced on a regular basis into regions of nonendemicity, where they are responsible for nosocomial outbreaks. OXA-48, OXA-181, OXA-232, OXA-204, OXA-162, and OXA-244, in that order, are the most common enzymes identified among the OXA-48-like carbapenemase group. OXA-48 is associated with different Tn1999 variants on IncL plasmids and is endemic in North Africa and the Middle East. OXA-162 and OXA-244 are derivatives of OXA-48 and are present in Europe. OXA-181 and OXA-232 are associated with ISEcp1, Tn2013 on ColE2, and IncX3 types of plasmids and are endemic in the Indian subcontinent (e.g., India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) and certain sub-Saharan African countries. Overall, clonal dissemination plays a minor role in the spread of OXA-48-like carbapenemases, but certain high-risk clones (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 147 [ST147], ST307, ST15, and ST14 and Escherichia coli ST38 and ST410) have been associated with the global dispersion of OXA-48, OXA-181, OXA-232, and OXA-204. Chromosomal integration of bla OXA-48 within Tn6237 occurred among E. coli ST38 isolates, especially in the United Kingdom. The detection of Enterobacterales with OXA-48-like enzymes using phenotypic methods has improved recently but remains challenging for clinical laboratories in regions of nonendemicity. Identification of the specific type of OXA-48-like enzyme requires sequencing of the corresponding genes. Bacteria (especially K. pneumoniae and E. coli) with bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, and bla OXA-232 are emerging in different parts of the world and are most likely underreported due to problems with the laboratory detection of these enzymes. The medical community should be aware of the looming threat that is posed by bacteria with OXA-48-like carbapenemases.
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13
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Tian D, Pan F, Wang C, Sun Y, Zhang H. Resistance phenotype and clinical molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae among pediatric patients in Shanghai. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:1935-1943. [PMID: 30498365 PMCID: PMC6207262 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s175584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has caused wide global disseminations and serious clinical outcomes in pediatric patients, and the purpose of this study was to analyze drug resistance, molecular epidemiology, and clinical characteristics of CRKP from children in Shanghai, China. Methods A retrospective study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2017, and a total of 170 CRKP isolates were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the broth microdilution method. MAST D73C and polymerase chain reaction were used for the analysis of carbapenemase types. Multilocus sequence typing of K. pneumoniae was performed for genetic relationship. Clinical data were also reviewed. Results Of the 170 CRKP isolates, blaOXA-232 was mainly detected with a proportion of 42.35%, followed by blaNDM-1 (20.59%), blaKPC-2 (17.65%), blaNDM-5 (16.47%), and blaIMP-4 (1.18%). The predominant gene was blaOXA-232 in 2016 (54.46%; 55/101) and blaNDM-1 in 2017 (31.88%; 22/69). All these 170 CRKP isolates showed high resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems (>95%), except for tigecycline and colistin. Sixteen distinct sequence types were observed with ST15 being mostly identified (41.76%). Most CRKP harboring OXA-232 type carbapenemase belonged to ST15, while NDM-1 type belonged to ST37 and KPC-2 type belonged to ST11. Furthermore, other β-lactamase genes including blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and DHA-1 were also found in this study. Clinical data reviewed that more than half of the patients produced clinical infections (112/170), mainly lower respiratory tract (58/112) and bloodstream (21/112) infections. A majority of these children had received therapy of antibiotics before CRKP isolation, especially for carbapenems (76/170) and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (91/170). Conclusions Our data revealed the increasing incidence of OXA-232-producing K. pneumoniae from pediatric patients in Shanghai, and infection control measures should be conducted to limit the spread of CRKP strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Fen Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China,
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14
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Moghnieh RA, Kanafani ZA, Tabaja HZ, Sharara SL, Awad LS, Kanj SS. Epidemiology of common resistant bacterial pathogens in the countries of the Arab League. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 18:e379-e394. [PMID: 30292478 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
No uniformly organised collection of data regarding antimicrobial resistance has occurred in the countries of the Arab League. 19 countries of the Arab League have published data for antimicrobial susceptibility for the WHO priority organisms, and seven of 14 of these organisms are included in this Review (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae). Although E coli and Klebsiella spp resistance to third-generation cephalosporins is common in all countries, with prevalence reaching more than 50% in Egypt and Syria, carbapenem resistance is emerging, albeit with a prevalence of less than 10%. Conversely, a large amount of carbapenem resistance has been reported for P aeruginosa and A baumannii across the Arab League, reaching 50% and 88% of isolates in some countries. As for Salmonella spp, the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance has exceeded 30% in several areas. With regards to the Gram-positive pathogens, the prevalence of meticillin resistance in S aureus is reported to be between 20% and 30% in most countries, but exceeds 60% in Egypt and Iraq. The prevalence of penicillin non-susceptibility among pneumococci has reached more than 20% in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia. These findings highlight the need for structured national plans in the region to target infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima A Moghnieh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeina A Kanafani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussam Z Tabaja
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sima L Sharara
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lyn S Awad
- Pharmacy Department, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souha S Kanj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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15
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Mancini S, Poirel L, Tritten ML, Lienhard R, Bassi C, Nordmann P. Emergence of an MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae ST231 producing OXA-232 and RmtF in Switzerland. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 73:821-823. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mancini
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), Fribourg, Switzerland
- INSERM European Unit, LEA/IAME Paris, France
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Poirel
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), Fribourg, Switzerland
- INSERM European Unit, LEA/IAME Paris, France
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Reto Lienhard
- ADMED Microbiologie, 2300 La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Bassi
- Médecine Interne, Hôpital du Jura Bernois, 2610 St-Imier, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Nordmann
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), Fribourg, Switzerland
- INSERM European Unit, LEA/IAME Paris, France
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Mairi A, Pantel A, Sotto A, Lavigne JP, Touati A. OXA-48-like carbapenemases producing Enterobacteriaceae in different niches. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 37:587-604. [PMID: 28990132 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacterial species poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. OXA-48-type carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases are widely distributed among Enterobacteriaceae, with significant geographical differences. To date, 11 OXA-48-like variants have been identified, with classical OXA-48 being the most widespread. These enzymes show high-level hydrolytic activity against penicillins and low-level hydrolysis towards carbapenems. Since the first description of the OXA-48 carbapenemase in Turkey, bacterial strains producing the enzyme have been extensively reported in nosocomial and community outbreaks in many parts of the word, particularly in the Mediterranean area and European countries. The rapid spread of Enterobacteriaceae producing OXA-48-like enzymes in different ecosystems has become a serious issue recently. The number of reservoirs for such organisms is increasing, not only in hospitals, but also in the community, among animals (e.g., livestock, companion animals, and wildlife) and in the environment. This review aims to summarize the main characteristics of the OXA-48-type carbapenemases, covering genetic and enzymatic traits, their epidemiology, clonality and associated genes, correlation with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or plasmidic AmpC (pAmpC) in different bacterial species worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Mairi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 186 Chemin du Carreau de Lanes, CS83021, 30908, Nîmes, France
| | - Alix Pantel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 186 Chemin du Carreau de Lanes, CS83021, 30908, Nîmes, France.,Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Albert Sotto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 186 Chemin du Carreau de Lanes, CS83021, 30908, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 186 Chemin du Carreau de Lanes, CS83021, 30908, Nîmes, France. .,Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
| | - Aziz Touati
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
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