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Lin S, Song X, Zhu K, Shao Q, Chen Y, Cheng W, Lei Z, Chen Y, Luo Y, Jin D. Performance Evaluation of a Novel Ultrafast Molecular Diagnostic Device Integrated With Microfluidic Chips and Dual Temperature Modules. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:895236. [PMID: 35662850 PMCID: PMC9162139 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.895236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast, portable, and inexpensive molecular diagnostic platforms are critical for clinical diagnosis and on-site detection. There are currently no available real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) devices able to meet the demands of point-of-care testing, as the heating and cooling processes cannot be avoided. In this study, the dual temperature modules were first designed to process microfluidic chips automatically circulating between them. Thus, a novel ultrafast molecular diagnostic real-time PCR device (approximately 18 and 23 min for DNA and RNA detection, respectively) with two channels (FAM and Cy5) for the detection of 12 targets was developed. The device contained three core functional components, including temperature control, optics, and motion, which were integrated into a portable compact box. The temperature modules accurately control temperature in rapid thermal cycles with less than ±0.1 °C, ±1 °C and ±0.5 °C for the temperature fluctuation, uniformity, and error of indication, respectively. The average coefficient of variation (CV) of the fluorescence intensity (FI) for all 12 wells was 2.3% for FAM and 2.7% for Cy5. There was a good linear relationship between the concentrations of fluorescent dye and the FIs of FAM and Cy5(R2 = 0.9990 and 0.9937), and the average CVs of the Ct values calculated by the embedded software were 1.4% for FAM and Cy5, respectively. The 100 double-blind mocked sputum and 249 clinical stool samples were analyzed by the ultrafast real-time PCR device in comparison with the DAAN Gene SARS-CoV-2 kit run on the ABI 7500 instrument and Xpert C. difficile/Epi, respectively. Among the 249 stool samples, the ultrafast real-time PCR device detected toxigenic C. difficile in 54 samples (54/249, 21.7%) with a specificity and positive predictive values of 99.0 and 96.3%, which were higher than the Xpert C. difficile/Epi values of 94.4 and 88.1% (p > 0.05). The ultrafast real-time PCR device detected 15 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, which has a 100% concordance with that obtained by the DAAN Gene SARS-CoV-2 kit. This study demonstrated that the ultrafast real-time PCR device integrated with microfluidic chips and dual temperature modules is an ultrafast, reliable, easy-to-use, and cost-effective molecular diagnostic platform for clinical diagnosis and on-site testing, especially in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Hangzhou Biochip for Diagnosis Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Quanyu Shao
- Hangzhou Biochip for Diagnosis Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinhang Chen
- Hangzhou Biochip for Diagnosis Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Hangzhou Biochip for Diagnosis Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijing Lei
- Hangzhou Biochip for Diagnosis Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Dazhi Jin,
| | - Dazhi Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Dazhi Jin,
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Brajerova M, Zikova J, Krutova M. Clostridioides difficile epidemiology in the Middle and the Far East. Anaerobe 2022; 74:102542. [PMID: 35240336 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clostridioides difficile is an important pathogen of healthcare-associated gastrointestinal infections. Recently, an increased number of C. difficile infection (CDI) surveillance data has been reported from Asia. The aim of this review is to summarize the data on the prevalence, distribution and molecular epidemiology of CDI in the Middle and the Far East. METHODS Literature was drawn from a search of PubMed up to September 30, 2021. RESULTS The meta-analysis of data from 111 studies revealed the pooled CDI prevalence rate in the Middle and the Far East of 12.4% (95% CI 11.4-13.3); 48 studies used PCR for CDI laboratory diagnoses. The predominant types (RT)/sequence type (ST) differ between individual countries (24 studies, 14 countries). Frequently found RTs were 001, 002, 012, 017, 018 and 126; RT017 was predominant in the Far East. The epidemic RT027 was detected in 8 countries (22 studies), but its predominance was reported only in three studies (Israel and Iran). The contamination of vegetable and meat or meat products and/or intestinal carriage of C. difficile in food and companion animals have been reported; the C. difficile RTs/STs identified overlapped with those identified in humans. CONCLUSIONS A large number of studies on CDI prevalence in humans from the Middle and the Far East have been published; countries with no available data were identified. The number of studies on C. difficile from non-human sources is limited. Comparative genomic studies of isolates from different sources are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brajerova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Zikova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Krutova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic.
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