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Nickel O, Rockstroh A, Wolf J, Landgraf S, Kalbitz S, Kellner N, Borte M, Pietsch C, Fertey J, Lübbert C, Ulbert S, Borte S. Evaluation of the systemic and mucosal immune response induced by COVID-19 and the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263861. [PMID: 36256664 PMCID: PMC9578597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The currently used SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have proven to induce a strong and protective immune response. However, functional relevance of vaccine-generated antibodies and their temporal progression are still poorly understood. Thus, the central aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of systemic and mucosal humoral immune response after mRNA vaccination with BNT162b2. METHODS We compared antibody production against the S1 subunit and the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in sera of BNT162b2 vaccinees, heterologous ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 vaccinees and COVID-19 patients. We monitored the neutralizing humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 wildtype strain and three VOCs over a period of up to eight months after second and after a subsequent third vaccination. RESULTS In comparison to COVID-19 patients, vaccinees showed higher or similar amounts of S1- and RBD-binding antibodies but similar or lower virus neutralizing titers. Antibodies peaked two weeks after the second dose, followed by a decrease three and eight months later. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) poorly correlated with S1-IgG levels but strongly with RBD-IgGAM titers. After second vaccination we observed a reduced vaccine-induced neutralizing capacity against VOCs, especially against the Omicron variant. Compared to the nAb levels after the second vaccination, the neutralizing capacity against wildtype strain and VOCs was significantly enhanced after third vaccination. In saliva samples, relevant levels of RBD antibodies were detected in convalescent samples but not in vaccinees. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals generate relevant nAbs titers, which begin to decrease within three months after immunization and show lower neutralizing potential against VOCs as compared to the wildtype strain. Large proportion of vaccine-induced S1-IgG might be non-neutralizing whereas RBD-IgGAM appears to be a good surrogate marker to estimate nAb levels. A third vaccination increases the nAb response. Furthermore, the systemic vaccine does not seem to elicit readily detectable mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Nickel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Rockstroh
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Wolf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
- ImmunoDeficiencyCenter Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Landgraf
- Hospital Vaccination Center, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Kalbitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Tropical Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nils Kellner
- ImmunoDeficiencyCenter Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Tropical Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Borte
- ImmunoDeficiencyCenter Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
- Hospital Vaccination Center, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Pietsch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jasmin Fertey
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Lübbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Tropical Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Borte
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
- ImmunoDeficiencyCenter Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Jelski W, Dunaj J, Mroczko B, Czupryna P, Kruszewska E, Pancewicz S. Serology in COVID-19: Comparison of Two Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126497. [PMID: 34208607 PMCID: PMC8296394 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to examine the performance of two assays in detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. METHODS A total of 127 COVID-19 disease contacts from the Infectious Diseases Department were included. Two serological tests were used: SARS-CoV-2 IgG CMIA on the Alinity system (Abbott) and LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG CLIA (DiaSorin). RESULTS The assays exhibited a 96.85% (123/127 patients) test result agreement. In two cases, the positive results obtained by SARS-CoV-2 IgG CMIA on the Alinity system (Abbott) were negative based on the LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG CLIA (DiaSorin) test, and in two cases, negative results from the LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG CLIA (DiaSorin) test were positive with the SARS-CoV-2 IgG CMIA on the Alinity system (Abbott). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of our study, we conclude that in population medicine, the assessments of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus based on spike protein or nucleocapsid protein show comparable effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Neuroinfections Medical University in Bialystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland; (J.D.); (P.C.); (E.K.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-740-9514
| | - Wojciech Jelski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University in Bialystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (W.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Justyna Dunaj
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Neuroinfections Medical University in Bialystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland; (J.D.); (P.C.); (E.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University in Bialystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (W.J.); (B.M.)
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University in Bialystok, Jerzego Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Czupryna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Neuroinfections Medical University in Bialystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland; (J.D.); (P.C.); (E.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Ewelina Kruszewska
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Neuroinfections Medical University in Bialystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland; (J.D.); (P.C.); (E.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Sławomir Pancewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Neuroinfections Medical University in Bialystok, Żurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland; (J.D.); (P.C.); (E.K.); (S.P.)
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