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Tsiantas P, Karasali H, Pavlidis G, Kavasilis S, Doula M. The status of organochlorine pesticide contamination in Greek agricultural soils: the ghost of traditional agricultural history. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:117654-117675. [PMID: 37872334 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate information regarding pesticide contamination in Greek agricultural soils is currently available, while national soil monitoring programs have not been initiated yet. The aim of the present study was to assess the levels, compositions, and distribution of thirty three organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in Greek agricultural soils, due to the environmental threat posed by these compounds, even after decades from their abrogation from the market. Determination of the organochlorine pesticides was achieved using gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry, following a QuEChERS sample preparation method. A total of 60 soil samples, from two soil horizons (up to 60 cm), were obtained from agricultural lands in Greece throughout 2019-2020. The major findings presented DDTs, γ-HCH, alachlor, and 4,4- DCBP in the examined soil samples, with DDTs being the major compounds with their maximum cumulative concentration (ΣDDTs) reaching 1273.4 μg kg-1 d.w. Compositional profile and diagnostic ratios suggested that the occurrence of DDT residues was due to historical inputs. Most of the samples did not exceed the target values set by the Netherlands and Canadian guidelines for DDTs in soil; however, there was one exception in the case of Aegina Island. Finally, based on the environmental exposure assessment conducted, the vast majority of the analytes presented lower concentrations compared to the predicted environmental concentrations, with an exemption for DDE metabolite where the measured and predicted concentrations were almost equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Tsiantas
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control & Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Chemical Control of Pesticides, Kifissia, 14561, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Karasali
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides' Control & Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Chemical Control of Pesticides, Kifissia, 14561, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Pavlidis
- Centre for the Assessment of Natural Hazards and Proactive Planning & Laboratory of Reclamation Works and Water Resources Management, School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zographou, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatis Kavasilis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Non-Parasitic Diseases, Soil Resources and Geoinformatics, Kifissia, 14561, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Doula
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Laboratory of Non-Parasitic Diseases, Soil Resources and Geoinformatics, Kifissia, 14561, Athens, Greece
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Avellán-Llaguno RD, Liu X, Dong S, Huang Q. Occurrence and toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids along the estuarine and coastal regions under varied environmental factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144584. [PMID: 33477046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the significant economic and ecological value, the increasing pollution threat to estuarine and coastal regions is of great concern. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are emerging pollutants which possess adverse ecological risk. In this review, we have compiled the data on the levels of PFAAs in environmental samples, mainly in estuarine and coastal zones. A worldwide map was generated to show the distribution of PFAAs. The experimental results have also been considered, which, together with those of environmental samples, has allowed us to infer about the factors that intervene in the behavior of PFAAs. The presence of PFAAs is determined primarily by the source of pollution. Salinity is as well shown as a significant condition, dependent too on the sampling environment. The analysis of PFAAs from environmental samples constitutes a fundamental tool for the surveillance of these pollutants, but the lack of homogeneity of protocols for sampling, as well as for the results presentation, limits the comparative capacity. Laboratory studies are also an essential tool in the analysis of particular aspects related to PFAAs, but many times the conditions tested are not environmentally significant. In this way, it would not be prudent to establish "paradigms" about the behavior of the PFAAs in certain areas or organisms, instead to suggest the points that can be considered fundamental for each issue addressed. The main variables that appear to intervene in estuarine and coastal regions are mainly the proximity to the source of pollution, salinity, pH, precipitation (rain) as well as types of PFAAs. All these can synergistically lead to different impacts on the ecosystem. Therefore, the particular risks of PFAAs in estuarine and coastal regions is a set of multiple variables, dependent on each sampling condition and according to the previously named parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo David Avellán-Llaguno
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Sijun Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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da Silva KA, Nicola VB, Dudas RT, Demetrio WC, Maia LDS, Cunha L, Bartz MLC, Brown GG, Pasini A, Kille P, Ferreira NGC, de Oliveira CMR. Pesticides in a case study on no-tillage farming systems and surrounding forest patches in Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9839. [PMID: 33972553 PMCID: PMC8110586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing global concern on pesticide management, the relationship between its environmental recalcitrance, food security and human health has never been more relevant. Pesticides residues are known to cause significant environmental contamination. Here, we present a case study on long-term no-tillage farming systems in Brazil, where Glyphosate (GLY) has been applied for more than 35 years. GLY and its main breakdown product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were determined in topsoil (0-10 cm) samples from no-tillage fields and nearby subtropical secondary forests by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector. In addition, the presence of carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates and triazines were also screened for. GLY and AMPA were present in all soil samples, reaching values higher than those described for soils so far in the literature. A significant decrease for AMPA was observed only between the secondary forest and the farm's middle slope for site B. GLY and AMPA were observed respectively at peak concentrations of 66.38 and 26.03 mg/kg soil. GLY was strongly associated with forest soil properties, while AMPA associated more with no-tillage soil properties. Soil texture was a significant factor contributing to discrimination of the results as clay and sand contents affect GLY and AMPA retention in soils. This was the first study to report DDT and metabolites in consolidated no-tillage soils in Brazil (a pesticide fully banned since 2009). Based on human risk assessment conducted herein and the potential risk of GLY to local soil communities, this study offers a baseline for future studies on potential adverse effects on soil biota, and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Alves da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330, Brasil
| | | | - Rafaela Tavares Dudas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330, Brasil
| | - Wilian Carlo Demetrio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 80035-050, Brasil
| | - Lilianne Dos Santos Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 80035-050, Brasil
| | - Luis Cunha
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4BD, Wales, UK
| | - Marie Luise Carolina Bartz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330, Brasil
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - George Gardner Brown
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 80035-050, Brasil
- Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, Paraná, 83411-000, Brasil
| | - Amarildo Pasini
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brasil
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Nuno G C Ferreira
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
| | - Cíntia Mara Ribas de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330, Brasil.
- Graduação em Biomedicina, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330, Brasil.
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Distribution of organochlorine pesticide pollution in water, sediment, mollusk, and fish at Saguling Dam, West Java, Indonesia. Toxicol Res 2021; 38:149-157. [PMID: 35419272 PMCID: PMC8960551 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the distribution of organochlorine pesticide pollution in water, sediments, mollusks, and fish at Saguling Dam as baseline data of organochlorine pollution. Samples were obtained from 12 locations, with 9 and 3 sampling points inside and outside the dam, respectively. Measurement of organochlorine residues was carried out using methods of extraction, purification, evaporation, and gas chromatography. Results showed the presence of several types of organochlorine compounds, namely, lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and endosulfan. Aldrin was dominant in water (2-37 μg/L) and sediments (2-1438 μg/L), while DDT and heptachlor were dominant organochlorine compounds in mollusks (13-2758 µg/L) and fish (11-104 μg/L), respectively. Sediments demonstrated higher organochlorine concentrations than water, mollusk, and fish. The distribution of organochlorine was affected by land use around the Citarum watershed and pollutant input from tributaries.
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