Dataset of Phytochemical and secondary metabolite profiling of holy basil leaf (Ocimum sanctum Linn) ethanolic extract using spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance

Determination of the Effects of Ankaferd Wound Dressing on the Wound Healing Process in Rats

Objectives

The effects of a composite nanofiber wound dressing material consisting of a polyvinylidene alcohol and polyvinylidene pyrrolidone polymer mixture with a hemostatic agent doped with Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) on the healing of experimentally induced dermal wounds in rats were examined.

Materials and Methods

Rats were divided into 4 groups (n= 6). Histological material was examined on tissues taken from the wound site, whereas total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) analyses were performed on blood samples taken from the cardia. The material that was produced had hydrophilic properties, and both the ABS-doped and-undoped forms of the material positively affected wound healing.

Results

In the histopathological examinations, macroscopic evaluations revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of wound diameter, reepithelialization, and inflammation formation (p= 0.019). In parallel with wound healing and histological outcomes, TAS values increased in the ABS-doped groups, and TOS and OSI values decreased in the wound dressing groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

It was concluded that the ABS-dopped dressing did not have a negative effect on wound healing, it accelerated healing, and it could be used effectively and safely to treat skin injuries. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical and histopathological benefits and potential adverse effects of wound dressings produced using ABS-doped polymers on wound healing.

Ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaf modulates oxidative stress, cell cycle and apoptosis in head and neck cancer cell lines

Ocimum sanctum Linn. is a medicinal herb that has cytotoxic effects by inducing oxidative stress in some carcinomas. This study aimed to examine the impact of O. sanctum leaf extract on oxidative stress, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in cell lines of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Isogenic primary (HN18/HN30) and metastatic (HN17/HN31) HNSCC cell lines were used. Preparation of the ethanolic extract of O. sanctum leaf (EEOS) was carried out. HNSCC cell lines were exposed to varying concentrations (0.1-0.8 mg/ml) of EEOS for a duration of 72 h, and the MTT assay was utilized to determine the cytotoxic doses. To assess the impact of EEOS on HNSCC cells, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde were measured using a fluorometric method. Flow cytometry was utilized to evaluate effects of EEOS on the cell cycle, DNA damage, and apoptosis in HNSCC cells. Caspase-3 and -9 levels in the EEOS-treated HNSCC cells were measured by ELISA. The chemical components in EEOS were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry. EEOS exhibited cytotoxicity against the HN18, HN17, HN30 and HN31 cells at minimum concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2 mg/ml, respectively. Treatment with EEOS resulted in a significant increase in ROS levels in HN18 and HN17 cells. Additionally, EEOS significantly induced the levels of malondialdehyde in HN18 and HN31 cells. Moreover, EEOS arrested the cell cycle in HN30 and HN31 cells, and significantly induced DNA damage and apoptosis in the HN18, HN30, and HN31 cells. EEOS selectively increased caspase-9 in the HN18 cells. However, caspase-3 was activated without apoptosis in the EEOS-treated HN17 cells. The constituents of EEOS were identified as rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and apigenin. In conclusion, EEOS exhibits various prooxidative and apoptotic effects between HNSCC cells.

Current Trends in Toxicity Assessment of Herbal Medicines: A Narrative Review

Even in modern times, the popularity level of medicinal plants and herbal medicines in therapy is still high. The World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the population in developing countries uses these types of remedies. Even though herbal medicine products are usually perceived as low risk, their potential health risks should be carefully assessed. Several factors can cause the toxicity of herbal medicine products: plant components or metabolites with a toxic potential, adulteration, environmental pollutants (heavy metals, pesticides), or contamination of microorganisms (toxigenic fungi). Their correct evaluation is essential for the patient’s safety. The toxicity assessment of herbal medicine combines in vitro and in vivo methods, but in the past decades, several new techniques emerged besides conventional methods. The use of omics has become a valuable research tool for prediction and toxicity evaluation, while DNA sequencing can be used successfully to detect contaminants and adulteration. The use of invertebrate models (Danio renio or Galleria mellonella) became popular due to the ethical issues associated with vertebrate models. The aim of the present article is to provide an overview of the current trends and methods used to investigate the toxic potential of herbal medicinal products and the challenges in this research field.

Ethanolic Extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Inhibits Cell Migration of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells (A549) by Downregulation of Integrin αvβ3, α5β1, and VEGF

Adenocarcinoma lung cancer is a type of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), which accounts for 85% of lung cancer incidence globally. The therapies that are being applied, both conventional therapies and antibody-based treatments, are still found to have side effects. Several previous studies have demonstrated the ability of the ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (EEOS) as an ethnomedicine with anti-tumor properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. ethanolic extract in inhibiting the proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration of A549 cells (NSCLC). The adhesion as well as the migration assay was performed. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the expression of αvβ3 integrins, α5β1 integrins, and VEGF. The cells were divided into the following treatment groups: control (non-treated/NT), positive control (AP3/inhibitor β3 80 µg/mL), cisplatin (9 µg/mL), and EEOS at concentrations of 50, 70, 100, and 200 µg/mL. The results showed that EEOS inhibits the adhesion ability and migration of A549 cells, with an optimal concentration of 200 µg/mL. ELISA testing showed that the group of A549 cells given EEOS 200 µg/mL presented a decrease in the optimal expression of integrin α5β1, integrin αvβ3, and VEGF.