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Valenzuela Fuenzalida JJ, Vera-Tapia K, Urzúa-Márquez C, Yáñez-Castillo J, Trujillo-Riveros M, Koscina Z, Orellana-Donoso M, Nova-Baeza P, Suazo-Santibañez A, Sanchis-Gimeno J, Bruna-Mejias A, Gutiérrez Espinoza H. Anatomical Variants of the Renal Veins and Their Relationship with Morphofunctional Alterations of the Kidney: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3689. [PMID: 38999255 PMCID: PMC11242292 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Variations in renal veins are quite common, and most people do not experience issues due to them. However, these variations are important for healthcare professionals, especially in surgical procedures and imaging studies, as precise knowledge of vascular anatomy is essential to avoid complications during medical interventions. The purpose of this study was to expose the frequency of anatomical variations in the renal vein (RV) and detail their relationship with the retroperitoneal and renal regions. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS databases from their inception until January 2024. Two authors independently carried out the search, study selection, and data extraction and assessed methodological quality using a quality assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). Ultimately, consolidated prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. Results: In total, 91 studies meeting the eligibility criteria were identified. This study included 91 investigations with a total of 46,664 subjects; the meta-analysis encompassed 64 studies. The overall prevalence of multiple renal veins was 5%, with a confidence interval (CI) of 4% to 5%. The prevalence of the renal vein trajectory was 5%, with a CI of 4% to 5%. The prevalence of renal vein branching was 3%, with a CI of 0% to 6%. Lastly, the prevalence of unusual renal vein origin was 2%, with a CI of 1% to 4%. Conclusions: The analysis of these variants is crucial for both surgical clinical management and the treatment of patients with renal transplant and hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Valenzuela Fuenzalida
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile (K.V.-T.); (J.Y.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (Z.K.); (M.O.-D.); (P.N.-B.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Química y Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - Karla Vera-Tapia
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile (K.V.-T.); (J.Y.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (Z.K.); (M.O.-D.); (P.N.-B.)
| | - Camila Urzúa-Márquez
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile (K.V.-T.); (J.Y.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (Z.K.); (M.O.-D.); (P.N.-B.)
| | - Javiera Yáñez-Castillo
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile (K.V.-T.); (J.Y.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (Z.K.); (M.O.-D.); (P.N.-B.)
| | - Martín Trujillo-Riveros
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile (K.V.-T.); (J.Y.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (Z.K.); (M.O.-D.); (P.N.-B.)
| | - Zmilovan Koscina
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile (K.V.-T.); (J.Y.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (Z.K.); (M.O.-D.); (P.N.-B.)
| | - Mathias Orellana-Donoso
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile (K.V.-T.); (J.Y.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (Z.K.); (M.O.-D.); (P.N.-B.)
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
| | - Pablo Nova-Baeza
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile (K.V.-T.); (J.Y.-C.); (M.T.-R.); (Z.K.); (M.O.-D.); (P.N.-B.)
| | | | - Juan Sanchis-Gimeno
- GIAVAL Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bruna-Mejias
- Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360072, Chile
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Mohammed S, AbdAlla E, Elhag A, El-Mardi A. The prevalence of accessory renal arteries in sudanese population in Khartoum State: a cross-sectional CT study from 2017 to 2020. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:135. [PMID: 38622526 PMCID: PMC11017523 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal artery variations are clinically significant due to their implications for surgical procedures and renal function. However, data on these variations in Sudanese populations are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of renal artery variations in a Sudanese population. METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in Khartoum state from October 2017 to October 2020. A total of 400 Sudanese participants who underwent abdominal CT scans were included. Data on demographic characteristics, kidney measurements, and renal vasculature were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 46.7 ± 18 years, with a nearly equal gender distribution. Overall, renal artery variations were present in 11% of participants, with accessory renal arteries observed in 6% of the study population. Among those with accessory vessels, 50% were on the right side, 29.2% on the left, and 20.8% bilateral, distributed across hilar 29.2%, lower polar 29.2%, and upper polar 41.7% regions. No significant associations were found between accessory renal arteries and age or gender (p-value > 0.05). However, participants with accessory renal arteries exhibited significantly narrower width 5.0 ± 1.4 than those with no with accessory renal arteries 5.8 ± 1.1 (p-value 0.002) Early dividing renal arteries were found in 5% of participants, with nearly half being bilateral. No significant associations were found between the presence of early dividing renal arteries and demographic or renal measurements (p-value > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and characteristics of renal artery variations in a Sudanese population. The findings contribute to our understanding of renal anatomy in this demographic and can inform clinical practice and surgical planning, particularly in renal transplantation and other renal procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Mohammed
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Nursing, Alrayan Colleges, Almadina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eltayeb AbdAlla
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Amal Elhag
- Assistant Professor of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Mihaylova E, Groudeva V, Nedevska M. Multidetector computed tomography angiography study of the renal arterial vasculature anatomy and its variations in a Bulgarian adult population. Surg Radiol Anat 2023; 45:289-296. [PMID: 36729216 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal arterial anatomy has a great clinical importance during surgical and endovascular procedures. However, comprehensive data on renal arterial variations in the Bulgarian population has not yet been provided. The aim of this study was to conduct a detailed research about the normal anatomy and variations of the renal arteries in the Bulgarian population. METHODS Five hundred sixty-one patients underwent contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography scans for the period 2016-2021. The images were retrospectively reviewed. Number, branching pattern, origin level and course of the renal arteries were noted. Data were categorized on the basis of laterality, gender and symmetry. RESULTS Only 46.3% of the patients exhibited normal renal arterial anatomy. Variations were observed in 301 patients (53.7%). The most common variant was the presence of accessory renal arteries (ARA), discovered in 41.2% of the subjects. There was no significant difference based on gender and laterality (p > 0.05). Hilar ARA (72.6%) were significantly more common than polar ARA (p < 0.001). The most common origin location of the main renal arteries and ARA was the aorta, followed by the common iliac arteries. Early division was observed in 21.7% of the patients, significantly more common on the right. Precaval course was found in 0.5% of the right main renal arteries and in 30% of ARA and the difference was significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results show novel insight into the prevalence of renal arterial variations in the Bulgarian population. Anatomic renal vasculature variants are common therefore awareness is crucial for the success of surgical and interventional procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Mihaylova
- Department of Radiology, Prof. Dr. Alexander Chirkov University Hospital, Pencho Slaveykov Blvd, 1431 52A, Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Violeta Groudeva
- Department of Radiology, Prof. Dr. Alexander Chirkov University Hospital, Pencho Slaveykov Blvd, 1431 52A, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Nedevska
- Department of Radiology, Prof. Dr. Alexander Chirkov University Hospital, Pencho Slaveykov Blvd, 1431 52A, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Hekimoglu A, Ergun O. Evaluation of renal vascular variations with computed tomography. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-022-00290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It is important to know the renal vascular variations before renal surgeries and invasive procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and types of variation of renal arteries and veins.
Methods
The abdominal CT images of 460 patients, taken between 2019 and 2021, were retrospectively analyzed in axial and coronal planes. The presence and number of accessory renal arteries and early branching in the main renal artery were evaluated. Then, bilateral renal vein variations were investigated. Finally, the compression of the left renal vein by different anatomical structures was evaluated.
Results
Of the 450 patients included in the study, the mean age was 53 years. No variations were detected in 378 renal arteries on the right side (84%) and 392 renal arteries on the left side (87.1%). The most common variation in renal arteries was an accessory inferior hilar artery in 7.5% and 6% rates on the right and left, respectively. An accessory inferior renal polar artery was observed at an overall rate of 1.3%. An accessory superior renal hilar artery was found at 3.3% and 2% rates on the left and the right, respectively. An accessory superior renal polar artery was found at an overall rate of 3.5%. Multiple variations in the renal arteries were observed at a rate of 6.4%. Early branching was observed at a rate of 4.9% on the right and 2.2% on the left. The presence of two and three right renal veins was observed at rates of 13.1% and 0.6%, respectively. Retroaortic and circumaortic left renal veins were found at 3.5% and 4.4% rates, respectively. The compression on the anterior and posterior left renal veins was observed at 4.6% and 0.9% rates, respectively.
Conclusion
Considering that variations in renal arteries and veins are too many and of different types to underestimate, a CT examination for the renal vascular anatomy before and at the planning phase of renal surgery or interventional procedures will be of great benefit to avoid potential complications.
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Funes Hernandez M, Bhalla V, Isom RT. Hypothesis: Accessory renal arteries may be an overlooked cause of renin-dependent hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2022; 36:493-497. [PMID: 34785773 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Funes Hernandez
- Stanford Hypertension Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Bhalla
- Stanford Hypertension Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Isom
- Stanford Hypertension Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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GÜNDOĞDU H, AYDIN AKSU S, KARA M. Comparison of low-dose contrast computed tomography angiography findings with surgical results in living kidney donors. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1014834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Smit JHA, Leonardi EP, Chaves RHDF, Furlaneto IP, da Silva CMS, Abib SDCV, Góes AMDO. Image-guided study of swine anatomy as a tool for urologic surgery research and training. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 35:e351208. [PMID: 33503221 PMCID: PMC7819699 DOI: 10.1590/acb351208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the anatomy of the swine urinary system using computed tomography and to discuss the role of this animal as an experimental model for urological procedures. METHODS Three male Landrace pigs underwent computed tomography and the anatomy of the urinary system and renal circulation was analyzed and described. RESULTS In all animals, 2 kidneys, 2 ureters and one bladder were identified. Each kidney presented a single renal artery vascularization, with a mean diameter on the right of 4.45 and 5.31 mm on the left (p < 0.0001) and single renal vein drainage, with a mean diameter on the right of 5.78 and 5.82 mm on the left (p = 0.0336). The average renal length was 9.85 cm on the right and 10.30 cm on the left (p < 0.0001). The average renal volume was 113.70 cm3 on the right and 109.70 cm3 on the left (p < 0.0001). The average length of the ureter was 19.78 cm on the right and 22.08 cm on the left (p < 0.0001). The average bladder volume was 423.70 cm3. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained show similarities with human anatomy, suggesting the viability of the swine model for planning preclinical trials, basic research, refinement in experimental surgery and surgical training for urological procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Piotto Leonardi
- MSc, Associate Professor, Department of Urology, School of
Medicine, Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém-PA, Brazil
| | | | - Ismari Perini Furlaneto
- PhD, Grupo de Pesquisa Experimental, Centro Universitário do Estado
do Pará, Belém-PA, Brazil
| | - Cezar Massoud Salame da Silva
- MSc, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém-PA, Brazil
| | | | - Adenauer Marinho de Oliveira Góes
- PhD, Full Professor, Department of Vascular Surgery, Grupo de
Pesquisa Experimental, Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém-PA,
Brazil
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Walker A, Slim N, Nicholson M, Brassett C. Configuration of the extra-renal venous system in relation to the left renal vein: A cadaveric study and new proposed classification. Surgeon 2020; 18:349-353. [PMID: 32089372 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The advent of laparoscopic live-donor nephrectomy for renal transplantation has prompted the need to define the precise anatomical relations of the left renal vein (LRV) and its tributaries. The left kidney is preferred as the greater length of the LRV facilitates implantation in the recipient. While previous studies have described variations in the LRV system, the connections between the left ascending lumbar vein (LALV) and LRV tributaries have been less well-defined. This study aims to further characterise the LALV and proposes a novel classification for its relation to other veins. Dissection of the LRV system, including the left suprarenal vein (LSV), left gonadal vein (LGV) and LALV, was performed in 38 cadavers. Their drainage points into the LRV were recorded, and measurements taken of the distances from these points to the junction of the LRV and inferior vena cava (IVC). The position of the LRV in relation to the aorta was anterior in 35 cases (92%), entirely posterior in 1 case (3%), and circumaortic in 2 cases (5%). Duplication of the LSV and LGV occurred in 6 (16%) and 10 (27%) cases respectively. A direct posterior connection between the LALV and LRV was identified in 32 (86%) cases. The drainage point of the LALV into the LRV lay between the IVC and LGV in 8 (25%) cases. In 20 cases (63%), the drainage points of the LALV and LGV were equidistant from the IVC; and in 5 cases (16%), those of the LALV and posterior branch of the LRV were equidistant from the IVC. In these two groups, the vessels shared a confluent trunk in 10 and 4 cases respectively. In 3 cases, connections were observed between all three vessels (LALV, LGV and posterior branch of LRV). No confluence trunk was shared by the LALV and LSV. These results confirm the high incidence of communicating LALVs, which represent a potentially troublesome source of operative bleeding if unrecognised. Confluent venous trunks may also present difficulties during vessel ligation prior to nephrectomy. It is suggested that a novel classification of the relation of the LALV based on these findings may assist in surgical planning and reduce complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Walker
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Human Anatomy Teaching Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Naim Slim
- Human Anatomy Teaching Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Cecilia Brassett
- Human Anatomy Teaching Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Saito K, Hino H, Shiomi A, Kagawa H, Yamakawa Y, Manabe S, Yamaoka Y. Laparoscopic high anterior resection for rectal cancer with rare variations of the left renal vessels: A case report. Asian J Endosc Surg 2020; 13:111-113. [PMID: 30931542 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of rectal cancer with rare variations of the left renal vessels. A man in his 60s underwent endoscopic mucosal resection for an Ip-type lesion in the upper rectum. Histologically, the lesion was a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma that had invaded the deep submucosal layer. Therefore, additional resection of the rectum with regional lymph node dissection was recommended. Preoperative CT revealed rare variations of the left renal vessels. There were two left renal arteries and veins; the caudal left renal artery and vein were located between the inferior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. During the operation, these renal vessels were confirmed, and laparoscopic high anterior resection was performed safely without any injury to these renal vessels. To avoid the risk of unexpected intraoperative injuries, it is important to preoperatively check whether there are any variations in the renal vessels, even before colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Saito
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hino
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi, Japan
| | - Akio Shiomi
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kagawa
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi, Japan
| | - Yushi Yamakawa
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi, Japan
| | - Shoichi Manabe
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamaoka
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi, Japan
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The Anatomy of Renal Arteries in Adults. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2019-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Detailed extraparenhymal renal hilar dissection was performed on 110 fixed cadaveric kidneys (60 from male cadavers and 50 from female cadavers). We analyzed the number of renal arteries, angles between renal arteries and abdominal aorta, length and diameter of the renal arteries. Multiple renal arteries were present in 20.9% of cases, with a slightly higher incidence on the right side (21.8%: 20.0%). The angle between the aorta and the RRA varied from 30° to 100° with a mean of 64.1°, while the angle between the abdominal aorta and the LRA was 40° to 115°, with a mean of 67.3°. The external caliber of the RRA at the point of origin from the abdominal aorta was 5 mm to 9.1 mm, with a mean of 6.8 mm. The same caliber of the LRA was 3.7 to 9.6 mm with a mean of 7.0 mm. The average length of the renal artery from the point of origin from the abdominal aorta to the branching point was 36.2 mm for the right renal artery and 30.7 mm for the left renal artery. The average length of the renal artery from the point of origin from the abdominal aorta to the renal hilum was 65.1 mm for the right one and 54.7 mm for the left one. Knowledge of the number of renal arteries, their mode of entry into the kidney, the angles they build with the abdominal aorta, their diameter and length has practical applications in interventional radiology and surgery of the kidney and its environment.
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11
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Hostiuc S, Rusu MC, Negoi I, Dorobanțu B, Grigoriu M. Anatomical variants of renal veins: A meta-analysis of prevalence. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10802. [PMID: 31346244 PMCID: PMC6658480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this article is to establish the actual prevalence of renal vein variations (circumaortic renal vein, retroaortic renal vein, double renal vein), and to increase awareness about them. To this purpose, we have performed a meta-analysis of prevalence, using the MetaXL package, We included 105 articles in the final analysis of prevalence, of which 88 contained data about retroaortic renal vein, 84 - about circumaortic renal vein, and 51 - about multiple renal veins. The overall prevalence for retroaortic renal vein was 3% (CI:2.4-3.6%), for circumaortic renal vein - 3.5% (CI:2.8-4.4%), and for multiple renal veins - 16.7% (14.3-19.2%), much higher on the right 16.6 (14.2-19.1%) than on the left side 2.1 (1.3-3.2%). The results were relatively homogenous between studies, with only a minor publication bias overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Hostiuc
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mugurel Constantin Rusu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionut Negoi
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Dorobanțu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
- Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Grigoriu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
- University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, First Surgery Clinic, Bucharest, Romania
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DE Palma V, Martello A, Bacci G, Ricciardi M. Common venous renal trunk in two dogs: Multidetector computed tomographic imaging findings. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:66-70. [PMID: 30449817 PMCID: PMC6361634 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In dogs, variation in the branching pattern of renal veins is rare with only few patterns reported. This report describes two unusual anomalies of the renal vein branching patterns in two dogs. In dog 1, a common renal trunk drained both kidneys, in a T-shape pattern, in the caudal vena cava after a long right perirenal course. In dog 2, a common venous trunk branched cranially from the pre-renal segment of an azygos-caudal vena cava venous trunk and divided into the renal veins in a Y-shape pattern. Proper knowledge of the possible anatomical variations in renal venous drainage may be helpful during imaging assessment and surgical planning of several canine diseases involving the abdominal vasculature and retroperitoneal space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfio Martello
- Clinica Veterinaria Roges, via S. Allende, 30-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gianluca Bacci
- Clinica Veterinaria Roges, via S. Allende, 30-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mario Ricciardi
- Pingry Veterinary Hospital, via Medaglie d'Oro 5, Bari 70126, Italy
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Does the type of renal artery anatomic variant determine the diameter of the main vessel supplying a kidney? A study based on CT data with a particular focus on the presence of multiple renal arteries. Surg Radiol Anat 2017; 40:381-388. [PMID: 28980056 PMCID: PMC5880851 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-017-1930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background An in-depth knowledge of renal vascular anatomy is essential when planning many surgical procedures; however, a few data exists regarding renal artery diameter. The aim of this study was to assess this morphological feature and to investigate whether a correlation exists between renal artery diameter and the type of arterial supply, with a particular emphasis on variant anatomy and the presence of multiple renal arteries. Materials and methods Computed tomography angiography (CTA) studies of 248 patients, i.e., a total of 496 kidneys, were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 66.4 ± 15.01 years. Renal artery diameter was measured based on the type of arterial blood supply. Results The frequency of occurrence of three anatomic variants of renal arterial supply was established: single renal artery (RA) 43.35%, single artery with prehilar branching (pRA) 37.30%, and multiple renal artery (mRA) 19.35%. The diameter of single renal arteries, with either prehilar or hilar branching, was significantly larger than when multiple arteries were present. A detailed analysis of just the mRA variant demonstrated that the diameter of the renal arteries in men was larger (p = 0.012) than those in women and that there was no difference in diameter with regard to the side of the body (p = 0.219). Conclusions The classification described in our study containing a detailed description of renal artery diameter. It may be helpful in clinical practice, especially for transplantologists, surgeons, and vascular surgeons.
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14
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The use of porcine corrosion casts for teaching human anatomy. Ann Anat 2017; 213:69-77. [PMID: 28578926 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In teaching and learning human anatomy, anatomical autopsy and prosected specimens have always been indispensable. However, alternative methods must often be used to demonstrate particularly delicate structures. Corrosion casting of porcine organs with Biodur E20® Plus is valuable for teaching and learning both gross anatomy and, uniquely, the micromorphology of cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and urogenital systems. Assessments of casts with a stereomicroscope and/or scanning electron microscope as well as highlighting cast structures using color coding help students to better understand how the structures that they have observed as two-dimensional images actually exist in three dimensions, and students found using the casts to be highly effective in their learning. Reconstructions of cast hollow structures from (micro-)computed tomography scans and videos facilitate detailed analyses of branching patterns and spatial arrangements in cast structures, aid in the understanding of clinically relevant structures and provide innovative visual aids. The casting protocol and teaching manual we offer can be adjusted to different technical capabilities and might also be found useful for veterinary or other biological science classes.
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15
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Saddoud N, Bouktif I, Gmiha B, Daghfous M. Left renal artery originating from the thoracic aorta: Three-dimensional imaging findings. Diagn Interv Imaging 2017; 98:359-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Shetty P, Nayak SB. A Detailed Study of Multiple Vascular Variations in the Upper Part of Abdomen. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2017; 27:7-9. [PMID: 28465982 PMCID: PMC5353475 DOI: 10.4103/2211-4122.199060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Knowledge of vascular variations near the kidney is of importance to many clinical disciplines such as nephrologists, radiologists, gastroenterologists, and general surgeons. Variant branches of the abdominal aorta and renal arteries are the victims of iatrogenic bleeding during surgery. We found multiple vascular variations in the upper part of the abdomen during our dissection classes. Methods: During the dissection classes of the abdomen for undergraduate medical students, we observed multiple vascular variations in the abdomen of an adult male cadaver. The vessels and surrounding viscera were cleaned using dissection instruments. Variations observed were photographed. Results: The right kidney had its hilum directed posteriorly. There were two right renal veins and a partially doubled left renal vein (LRV). The left suprarenal and gonadal veins drained into the upper LRV. There were two right renal arteries. Upper right renal artery gave origin to the right inferior phrenic and middle suprarenal arteries. There were two renal arteries on the left side also. The left upper renal artery gave a polar branch to the left kidney and divided into two branches before entering the kidney. The left inferior phrenic artery (IPA) gave two gastric branches to the fundus of the stomach. Conclusions: The variations noted by us are of tremendous surgical application. The variant vessels might get damaged during surgical procedures if the surgeons are not aware of these variations. The most important among the variations reported here is the gastric branch of the IPA, which has not been reported yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakashchandra Shetty
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Satheesha B Nayak
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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17
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Shigueoka DC. Anatomic variations of the renal arteries, as characterized by computed tomography angiography: rule or exception? Its usefulness in surgical plannning. Radiol Bras 2016; 49:VII-VIII. [PMID: 27777491 PMCID: PMC5073403 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2016.49.4e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David C Shigueoka
- Adjunct Professor in the Department of Diagnostic Imaging at the Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail:
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