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Shim J, Lee Y. No-Reference-Based and Noise Level Evaluations of Cinematic Rendering in Bone Computed Tomography. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:563. [PMID: 38927799 PMCID: PMC11201129 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cinematic rendering (CR) is a new 3D post-processing technology widely used to produce bone computed tomography (CT) images. This study aimed to evaluate the performance quality of CR in bone CT images using blind quality and noise level evaluations. Bone CT images of the face, shoulder, lumbar spine, and wrist were acquired. Volume rendering (VR), which is widely used in the field of diagnostic medical imaging, was additionally set along with CR. A no-reference-based blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator (BRISQUE) and coefficient of variation (COV) were used to evaluate the overall quality of the acquired images. The average BRISQUE values derived from the four areas were 39.87 and 46.44 in CR and VR, respectively. The difference between the two values was approximately 1.16, and the difference between the resulting values increased, particularly in the bone CT image, where metal artifacts were observed. In addition, we confirmed that the COV value improved by 2.20 times on average when using CR compared to VR. This study proved that CR is useful in reconstructing bone CT 3D images and that various applications in the diagnostic medical field will be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Shim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Severance Hospital, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Department of Radiological Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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Ahmed TM, Fishman EK, Morris-Wiseman LF, Baraban E, Chu LC. Cinematic rendering of primary adrenal lymphoma. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024:S0363-0188(24)00081-1. [PMID: 38735793 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is a particularly rare subset of malignant adrenal neoplasms, accounting for ∼1% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Reported outcomes of PAL, though limited, are dismal, with a 12-month survival rate of ∼20%. PAL is treated with polychemotherapy and early tissue diagnosis to allow initiation of chemotherapy is associated with improved outcomes. Early and accurate radiological diagnosis of PAL is therefore essential in improving outcomes through informing decisions to biopsy and thereby facilitating timely initiation of chemotherapy. To date, however, imaging features of PAL have not been conclusively defined, and a range of divergent imaging appearances have been reported. Cinematic rendering (CR) is a 3D post-processing technique that simulates the propagation and interaction of photons as they pass through the imaged volume. This results in the generation of more photorealistic images that may allow for more comprehensive visualization, description and interpretation of anatomical structures. This manuscript presents the first characterization of the various CR appearances of PAL in the reported literature and provides commentary on the clinical opportunities afforded by CR in the workup of these heterogenous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha M Ahmed
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Elliot K Fishman
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Lilah F Morris-Wiseman
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, United States
| | - Ezra Baraban
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, United States
| | - Linda C Chu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
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Ahmed TM, Fishman EK, Chu LC. Cinematic Rendering of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours: Opportunities for Clinical Implementation: Part 2: Preoperative Planning and Evaluation of Metastatic Disease. Can Assoc Radiol J 2024:8465371241239035. [PMID: 38509705 DOI: 10.1177/08465371241239035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) are a rare subset of pancreatic tumours that have historically comprised up to 3% of all clinically detected pancreatic tumours. In recent decades, however, advancements in imaging have led to an increased incidental detection rate of PNETs and imaging has played an increasingly central role in the initial diagnostics and surgical planning of these tumours. Cinematic rendering (CR) is a 3D post-processing technique that generates highly photorealistic images through more realistically modelling the path of photons through the imaged volume. This allows for more comprehensive visualization, description, and interpretation of anatomical structures. In this 2-part review article, we present the first description of the various CR appearances of PNETs in the reported literature while providing commentary on the unique clinical opportunities afforded by the adjunctive utilization of CR in the workup of these rare tumours. This second instalment focuses on the applications of CR in optimizing preoperative planning of PNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha M Ahmed
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot K Fishman
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda C Chu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Agarwal M, Sinha S, Sinha U. Role of Three-dimensional Imaging in the Management of Ureteric Fistula. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2023; 30:939-940. [PMID: 37709128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
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Rowe SP, Kaddu G, Chu LC, Fishman EK. Evaluation of extensive inflammatory conditions of the bowel using three-dimensional CT cinematic rendering: focus on inflammatory bowel disease. Emerg Radiol 2023; 30:683-690. [PMID: 37665535 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-023-02165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions that affect long segments of bowel and/or the mesentery and mesenteric vasculature are a common cause of emergency department visits and evaluation by cross-sectional imaging. Inflammatory bowel disease, specifically Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, can be unsuspected at presentation and may only be eventually diagnosed based on initial imaging findings. Traditional 2D axial reconstructions and multi-planar reformations can be limited in their ability to globally assess the extent of disease. 3D methods such as volume rendering (VR) are often used as adjunctive means of visualizing the pathology in such patients. Recently, a novel technique known as cinematic rendering (CR) has emerged, utilizing advanced lighting models and ray tracing to simulate photon interactions with tissues, resulting in realistic shadows and enhanced surface detail compared to VR. Generating CR images from select presets takes an experienced radiologist approximately 5 min, meaning that the technique can be incorporated into meaningful emergency department workflows. Given the apparent advantages of CR, we highlight its application in a series of cases in which patients had inflammatory conditions that affected long segments of bowel and/or involved the mesentery, particularly those patients with inflammatory bowel disease, but also including patients with mesenteric venous thrombosis and lymphedema. Those conditions included inflammatory bowel disease, mesenteric venous thrombosis, and bowel lymphedema. We present examples of those conditions in this pictorial essay and describe the potential of CR to visualize key findings. As CR exhibits possible advantages, further studies are warranted to support its broader clinical adoption and assess its efficacy in diagnosing and guiding managing of inflammatory conditions in emergency settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Rowe
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- University of Illinois Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Gabriella Kaddu
- Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Room 3233, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Linda C Chu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Cardobi N, Nocini R, Molteni G, Favero V, Fior A, Marchioni D, Montemezzi S, D’Onofrio M. Path Tracing vs. Volume Rendering Technique in Post-Surgical Assessment of Bone Flap in Oncologic Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery: A Preliminary Study. J Imaging 2023; 9:jimaging9020024. [PMID: 36826943 PMCID: PMC9967273 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to compare a relatively novel three-dimensional rendering called Path Tracing (PT) to the Volume Rendering technique (VR) in the post-surgical assessment of head and neck oncologic surgery followed by bone flap reconstruction. This retrospective study included 39 oncologic patients who underwent head and neck surgery with free bone flap reconstructions. All exams were acquired using a 64 Multi-Detector CT (MDCT). PT and VR images were created on a dedicated workstation. Five readers, with different expertise in bone flap reconstructive surgery, independently reviewed the images (two radiologists, one head and neck surgeon and two otorhinolaryngologists, respectively). Every observer evaluated the images according to a 5-point Likert scale. The parameters assessed were image quality, anatomical accuracy, bone flap evaluation, and metal artefact. Mean and median values for all the parameters across the observer were calculated. The scores of both reconstruction methods were compared using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Inter-reader agreement was calculated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. PT was considered significantly superior to VR 3D reconstructions by all readers (p < 0.05). Inter-reader agreement was moderate to strong across four out of five readers. The agreement was stronger with PT images compared to VR images. In conclusion, PT reconstructions are significantly better than VR ones. Although they did not modify patient outcomes, they may improve the post-surgical evaluation of bone-free flap reconstructions following major head and neck surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Cardobi
- Radiology Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Riccardo Nocini
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Molteni
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Vittorio Favero
- Unit of Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Fior
- Unit of Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele Marchioni
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Montemezzi
- Radiology Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Mirko D’Onofrio
- Department of Radiology, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Fishman EK. CT scanning and data post-processing with 3D and 4D reconstruction: Are we there yet? Diagn Interv Imaging 2020; 101:691-692. [PMID: 33143856 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E K Fishman
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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