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Wendler E, Malafaia O, Ariede BL, Ribas-Filho JM, Czeczko NG, Nassif PAN. COULD THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL ALTERATIONS PROMOTED BY ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS EXPLAIN HIGHER TENDENCY FOR COLONIC DISEASES IN BARIATRIC PATIENTS? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 33:e1570. [PMID: 33759960 PMCID: PMC7983526 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020200004e1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ki-67 in ascending colon: A) experiment and B) control. Intestinal diversions have revolutionized the treatment of morbid obesity due to its viability and sustained response. However, experimental studies suggest, after these derivations, a higher risk of colon cancer. AIM To analyze the histological and immunohistological changes that the jejunojejunal shunt can produce in the jejunum, ileum and ascending colon. METHOD Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, control (n=12) and experiment (n=12) and subdivided into groups of four. Nine weeks after the jejunojejunal shunt, segmental resection of the excluded jejunum, terminal ileum and ascending colon was performed. Histological analysis focused on the thickness of the mucosa, height of the villi, depth of the crypts and immunohistochemistry in the expression of Ki-67 and p53. RESULTS Significant differences were found between the experiment and control groups in relation to the thickness of the mucosa in the jejunum (p=0.011), in the ileum (p<0.001) and in the colon (p=0.027). There was also a significant difference in relation to the height of the villus in the ileum (p<0.001) and the depth of the crypts in the jejunum (p0.001). The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the groups regarding the expression of Ki-67 in the colon (p<0.001). No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the expression of Ki-67 in the jejunum and ileum. In the P53 evaluation, negative nuclear staining was found in all cases. CONCLUSION The jejunojejunal deviation performed in the Roux-in-Y gastrojejunal bypass, predispose epithelial proliferative effects, causing an increase in the thickness of the mucosa, height of the villi and depth of the crypts of the jejunum, ileum and ascending colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Wendler
- Post-Graduation Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno Luiz Ariede
- Post-Graduation Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Nicolau Gregori Czeczko
- Post-Graduation Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Afonso Nunes Nassif
- Post-Graduation Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Dosedělová V, Itterheimová P, Kubáň P. Analysis of bile acids in human biological samples by microcolumn separation techniques: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:68-85. [PMID: 32645223 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are a group of compounds essential for lipid digestion and absorption with a steroid skeleton and a carboxylate side chain usually conjugated to glycine or taurine. Bile acids are regulatory molecules for a number of metabolic processes and can be used as biomarkers of various disorders. Since the middle of the twentieth century, the detection of bile acids has evolved from simple qualitative analysis to accurate quantification in complicated mixtures. Advanced methods are required to characterize and quantify individual bile acids in these mixtures. This article overviews the literature from the last two decades (2000-2020) and focuses on bile acid analysis in various human biological samples. The methods for sample preparation, including the sample treatment of conventional (blood plasma, blood serum, and urine) and unconventional samples (bile, saliva, duodenal/gastric juice, feces, etc.) are shortly discussed. Eventually, the focus is on novel analytical approaches and methods for each particular biological sample, providing an overview of the microcolumn separation techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, used in their analysis. This is followed by a discussion on selected clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Věra Dosedělová
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Itterheimová
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kubáň
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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Cao L, Che Y, Meng T, Deng S, Zhang J, Zhao M, Xu W, Wang D, Pu Z, Wang G, Hao H. Repression of intestinal transporters and FXR-FGF15 signaling explains bile acids dysregulation in experimental colitis-associated colon cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63665-63679. [PMID: 28969019 PMCID: PMC5609951 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are important endogenous signaling molecules that play vital roles in the pathological development of various diseases including colitis-associated cancer (CAC). BAs were previously found dysregulated under conditions of CAC; however, the exact patterns and underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. Based on the development of a method for comprehensive analysis of BAs, this study aims to elucidate the dysregulation patterns and involved mechanisms in a typical CAC model induced by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). CAC mice showed decreased BAs transformation in gut and glucuronidation in colon, leading to accumulation of primary BAs but reduction of secondary BAs in colon. CAC mice were characterized by an accumulation of BAs in various compartments except ileum, which is in line with repressed ileal FXR-FGF15 feedback signaling and the increased expression of hepatic CYP7A1. The compromised ileal FXR-FGF15 signaling was caused in part by the reduced absorption of FXR ligands including free and tauro-conjungated BAs due to the downregulation of various transporters of BAs in the ileum of CAC mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tuo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wanfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhichen Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Keely S, Veysey M, Walker MM, Talley NJ. Letter: oxidative stress, cause or consequence of constipation-associated colorectal cancer? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:941-2. [PMID: 26331562 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle & Vaccine and Asthma (VIVA) Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - M Veysey
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - M M Walker
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - N J Talley
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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The secondary bile acid, deoxycholate accelerates intestinal adenoma–adenocarcinoma sequence in Apc min/+ mice through enhancing Wnt signaling. Fam Cancer 2014; 13:563-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-014-9742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wertheim BC, Smith JW, Fang C, Alberts DS, Lance P, Thompson PA. Risk modification of colorectal adenoma by CYP7A1 polymorphisms and the role of bile acid metabolism in carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 5:197-204. [PMID: 22058145 PMCID: PMC3400261 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids, is a postulated gene modifier of colorectal cancer risk and target for the therapeutic bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). We investigated associations between CYP7A1 polymorphisms and fecal bile acids, colorectal adenoma (CRA), and UDCA efficacy for CRA prevention. Seven tagging, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in CYP7A1 were measured in 703 (355 UDCA, 348 placebo) participants of a phase III chemoprevention trial, of which 495 had known baseline fecal bile acid concentrations. In the placebo arm, participants with two minor G(rs8192871) alleles (tag for a low activity promoter polymorphism at -204) had lower odds of high secondary bile acids (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10-0.69), and CRA at 3 years' follow-up (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19-0.89), than AA carriers. Haplotype construction from the six polymorphic SNPs showed participants with the third most common haplotype (C(rs10957057)C(rs8192879)G(rs8192877)T(rs11786580)A(rs8192871)G(rs13251096)) had higher odds of high primary bile acids (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.12-4.89) and CRA (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.00-3.57) than those with the most common CTACAG haplotype. Furthermore, three SNPs (rs8192877, rs8192871, and rs13251096) each modified UDCA efficacy for CRA prevention, and CCGTAG-haplotype carriers experienced 71% lower odds of CRA recurrence with UDCA treatment, an effect not present for other haplotypes (test for UDCA-haplotype interaction, P = 0.020). Our findings support CYP7A1 polymorphisms as determinants of fecal bile acids and risk factors for CRA. Furthermore, UDCA efficacy for CRA prevention may be modified by genetic variation in CYP7A1, limiting treatment benefit to a subgroup of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Changming Fang
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - David S. Alberts
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Peter Lance
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Patricia A. Thompson
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Abstract
Bile acids possess many important physiological functions. They have been shown to play pivotal roles in the absorption of dietary lipids and fat soluble vitamins as well as in regulating bile acid homeostasis, lipoprotein and glucose metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that bile acid signaling pathway plays an important role in normal liver regeneration. This review aims to elucidate the potential role of the bile acid signaling pathway in liver regeneration and to highlight possible mechanisms involved.
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Zhang JF, Liu PQ, Chen GH, Lu MQ, Cai CJ, Yang Y, Li H. Ponicidin inhibits cell growth on hepatocellular carcinoma cells by induction of apoptosis. Dig Liver Dis 2007; 39:160-6. [PMID: 17049940 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Ponicidin is recently reported to have anti-tumour effects on a large variety of cancers. The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-proliferation effects of ponicidin on hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its mechanism. METHODS Two hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, QGY-7701 and HepG-2 cells, were used. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation analysis. Cell morphology was observed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect Survivin as well as Bax and Bcl-2 expressions. RESULTS Ponicidin could inhibit the growth of QGY-7701 and HepG-2 cells significantly by induction of apoptosis. Marked morphological changes of apoptosis were observed clearly. Both Survivin and Bcl-2 expressions were down-regulated remarkably while Bax expression up-regulated when apoptosis occurred. CONCLUSIONS Ponicidin has significant anti-proliferation effects by inducing apoptosis on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro, down regulation of Survivin and Bcl-2 as well as upregualation of Bax expressions may be the important apoptotic inducing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Zhang
- Department of Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to cover the methods and techniques currently used by researchers to evaluate intestinal trophism. RECENT FINDINGS Although subjected to criticisms, conventional gut trophism evaluation by both morphological and histological parameters continues to be largely reported. The metaphase arrest technique and the detection of H-tymidine have been used less frequently in recent years due to increasing interest in the immunohistochemical methods such as 5-bromo-2'deoxy-uridine, Ki-67, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Along with common techniques for the evaluation of intestinal trophism, the combination of methods that includes a measurement of cell proliferation and an apoptotic index in the same study are most valuable and are increasing in the current literature. SUMMARY Evaluation of intestinal trophism is an important issue for both clinical and experimental nutritional studies. The immunohistochemical techniques are the gold standard to access cell proliferation. Evaluation of proliferation and apoptosis at the same time may offer a more reliable evaluation of the actual status of gut trophism.
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