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Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are no definitive results about either the presence of exact comorbidity between celiac disease (CD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) or etiology. We intend to screen ADHD-related cognitive and behavioral traits in children with biopsy-proven CD and investigate the possible association of these traits with certain vitamin levels, body-mass index, and gluten-free diet (GFD) compliance. METHOD A total of 85 children with biopsy-proven CD (the ages of 8-18 years) were compared with age and sex-matched 72 healthy controls in terms of demographics, psychiatric symptoms, certain vitamin levels, and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS ADHD-like cognitive issues, such as inattention and learning difficulties, as well as psychosomatic symptoms and poor prosocial behavior, were all associated with GFD noncompliance in childhood CD. CONCLUSION Untreated CD may predispose to ADHD-resembling symptoms. Physicians should be aware of the probability of ADHD misdiagnosing due to ADHD-resembling cognitive and behavioral traits in untreated CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Efe
- University of Health Sciences, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity, Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Tok
- University of Health Sciences, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity, Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Desher KA, Alkalay MJ. Clinical differences among racially diverse children with celiac disease. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:710-714. [PMID: 35960472 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaley A Desher
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- , Preferred postal address is 6605 Vickery Creek Rd, Cumming, GA, 30040, USA.
| | - Michele J Alkalay
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to establish an unselected cohort of Danish adolescents and estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed celiac disease (CeD). METHODS The Glutenfunen cohort participants were recruited from an unselected subsample of the Danish National Birth Cohort, defined as participants living in the Island of Funen, Denmark. We invited all 7431 eligible participants in the age range of 15 to 21 years to a clinical visit. CeD diagnosis was based on screening with IgA transglutaminase antibodies (TG2-IgA) and if positive, was followed by duodenal biopsies compatible with CeD (Marsh 2-3). We calculated the prevalence of CeD in the Glutenfunen cohort as the number of CeD cases diagnosed before and during the study divided by the number of participants in the Glutenfunen cohort. RESULTS We included 1266 participants in the Glutenfunen cohort (17%, 1266/7431). 1.1% (14 of 1266 participants) had CeD diagnosed before entering the cohort and based on the Danish National Patient Register, 0.2% of the nonparticipants (14 of 6165) had a diagnosis of CeD. In total, 2.6% (33 participants) had TG2 IgA above the upper limit of normal. Nineteen participants had duodenal biopsies compatible with CeD. The prevalence of CeD in the Glutenfunen cohort was 2.6% [(14 + 19)/1266]. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that CeD is much more common than expected among Danish adolescents, comparable to other European countries, and that the majority were asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic and were only found because of the screening procedure.
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Cassisi JE, Ross EJ, Vivier H, James N, Su LC. The Impact of a Gluten-Free Diet on Celiac Disease: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Two Cases Using NIH Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMIS, NTCB, and Neuro-QoL). J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2020; 27:444-453. [DOI: 10.1007/s10880-020-09698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Towards an individual screening strategy for first-degree relatives of celiac patients. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:1585-1592. [PMID: 29974211 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is known to be more prevalent in first-degree relatives of patients. In this retrospective cohort study of 609 relatives between 1994 and 2016, we investigated the effect of sex, HLA type, and age at time of index celiac diagnosis. Pearson's chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used as statistical analyses. CD screening was carried out for 427 relatives (70%), resulting in a prevalence of 15%. HLA typing in 335 relatives showed HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positivity in 87.5%. In 63% of children and all parents, celiac disease was diagnosed at first screening. It was diagnosed significantly more often in females, HLA-DQ2 homozygosity, and children (all p < 0.05). In children aged 0-1 year at time of index diagnosis, celiac disease was diagnosed after consecutive screening in 58%, after 3.9 ± 2.5 (max 10) years (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Future screening policies for relatives of celiac patients should include retesting, especially in HLA-positive relatives younger than 10 years of age. In addition, one-time celiac-specific antibody testing alone could be sufficient to rule out the disease in adolescent siblings and parents of newly diagnosed celiac patients. What is Known: • Celiac disease is more prevalent in first-degree relatives of celiac patients (risk 3-12%). • HLA-DQ2 homozygous sisters/daughters are at highest risk (25%). What is New: • If younger than 10 years of age, repeated testing is necessary in HLA-DQ2/DQ8-positive first-degree relatives when celiac disease is diagnosed in a family. • One-time celiac-specific antibody testing alone could be sufficient to rule out the disease in adolescent siblings and parents of newly diagnosed celiac patients.
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Zingone F, West J, Crooks CJ, Fleming KM, Card TR, Ciacci C, Tata LJ. Socioeconomic variation in the incidence of childhood coeliac disease in the UK. Arch Dis Child 2015; 100:466-73. [PMID: 25613988 PMCID: PMC4413865 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological studies indicate that evidence of coeliac disease (CD) exists in about 1% of all children, but we lack estimates of current diagnostic patterns among children and how they vary by socioeconomic group. METHODS We identified all children aged 0-18 years between 1993 and 2012 who were registered with general practices across the UK that contribute to a large population-based general practice database. The incidence of CD was evaluated in each quintile of the Townsend index of deprivation and stratified by age, sex, country and calendar year. RESULTS Among 2,063,421 children, we identified 1247 CD diagnoses, corresponding to an overall CD incidence of 11.9 per 100,000 person-years, which was similar across the UK countries and higher in girls than in boys. We found a gradient of CD diagnosis across socioeconomic groups, with the rate of diagnosis being 80% higher in children from the least-deprived areas than in those from the most-deprived areas (incident rate ratio 1.80, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.22). This pattern held for both boys and girls and across all ages. Across all four countries of the UK, we found similar associations between CD and socioeconomic status. While CD incidence up to age 2 remained stable over the study period, diagnoses at older ages have almost tripled over the past 20 years. CONCLUSIONS Children living in less socioeconomically deprived areas in the UK are more likely to be diagnosed with CD. Increased implementation of diagnostic guidelines could result in better case identification in more-deprived areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Zingone
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, City Hospital Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Joe West
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, City Hospital Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Colin J Crooks
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, City Hospital Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kate M Fleming
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, City Hospital Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Timothy R Card
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, City Hospital Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carolina Ciacci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Laila J Tata
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, City Hospital Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Dayal D, Samprati M, Kaur N, Minz RW, Jayaraman D. Prevalence of Beta-Cell, Thyroid and Celiac Autoimmunity in North Indian Children with Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:SM01-2. [PMID: 25954678 PMCID: PMC4413128 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/11960.5711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is wide variation in the prevalence of pancreatic and other major autoantibodies in different patient populations of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) across continents and even within countries. The data on frequency of associated autoimmunity Indian children with T1D is limited. A retrospective record review of 310 children aged 7.28±3.3 y (range 0.7-15 y) with recently diagnosed T1D attending our Pediatric Diabetes Clinic between April 2004 to September 2014, showed positivity for anti-GAD65, anti-IA2b, anti-TPO and anti-tTGA of 50% (64/128), 16% (12/72), 18.7% (23/123) and 22% (47/212) respectively. The male:female ratio in patients with anti-GAD, anti-TPO and anti-tTG positivity was 1.3, 0.7 and 0.6 respectively. In conclusion, our patient cohort exhibited a moderate prevalence of anti-GAD 65, low prevalence of anti-TPO and high prevalence of anti-tTGA autoantibodies as compared to previous reports. Male preponderance was noted in children with GAD65 positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Dayal
- Additional Professor, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhusudan Samprati
- Registrar, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navchetan Kaur
- Research Scholar, Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjana Walker Minz
- Professor, Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dhaarani Jayaraman
- Registrar, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Adlercreutz EH, Wingren CJ, Vincente RP, Merlo J, Agardh D. Perinatal risk factors increase the risk of being affected by both type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:178-84. [PMID: 25346455 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated whether perinatal factors influenced the risk of a double diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease. METHODS We used multinomial logistic regression models to study the associations between perinatal factors, gender, mode of delivery, season of birth and the risk of type 1 diabetes, coeliac disease or both, in Swedish-born singleton children. RESULTS We found that 4327 of the 768 395 children (0.6%) had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, 3817 (0.5%) had been diagnosed with coeliac disease and 191 (0.02%) were affected by both diseases. If the children already had type 1 diabetes (n = 4518), the absolute risk of being affected by coeliac disease increased to 4.2% (n = 191). Children with both type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease were more likely to be female (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.01-1.97), delivered by Caesarean section (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.07-2.39), have native-born Swedish mothers (OR = 4.84, 95% CI = 1.96-11.97) or be born during the summer months (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.07-1.92). CONCLUSION The increased risk of being affected by a double diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease was modulated by perinatal risk factors. This suggests that early life events are important when it comes to children with type 1 diabetes also developing coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H. Adlercreutz
- Department of Paediatrics; Skåne University Hospital; Malmö Sweden
- Unit for Diabetes and Celiac Disease; Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Wingren
- Unit for Social Epidemiology; Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Raquel P. Vincente
- Unit for Social Epidemiology; Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Juan Merlo
- Unit for Social Epidemiology; Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Department of Paediatrics; Skåne University Hospital; Malmö Sweden
- Unit for Diabetes and Celiac Disease; Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
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Papastamataki M, Papassotiriou I, Bartzeliotou A, Vazeou A, Roma E, Chrousos GP, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. Incretins, amylin and other gut-brain axis hormones in children with coeliac disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:74-82. [PMID: 24151959 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research indicated that coeliac disease (CD) is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the gut-brain axis peptide hormones secretion has not been evaluated so far in patients with CD prior to treatment initiation or under treatment, irrespective of patients having concomitant T1DM or not. The aim of the study was therefore to evaluate these gut hormones at the preprandial levels of patients with CD before and under treatment. METHODS Of forty-seven CD children, 12 untreated (UCD), 22 treated with gluten-free diet (TCD) and 13 treated CD with coexisting T1DM (DCD), and 18 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Preprandial glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide (GIP), active amylin, acylated ghrelin (AG), leptin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide-tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) were determined with hormone-map-array technology. RESULTS We found in patients with CD compared with HC that the concentration of (i) GLP-1 was reduced remarkably in all patients with CD (P = 0.008), (ii) GIP was lower in patients with UCD (P = 0.008), (iii) amylin was remarkably reduced (P < 0.01) in all patients with CD, (iv) AG was significantly decreased in patients with DCD (P < 0.01), while (v) leptin, PP and PYY were not significantly different. GIP, GLP-1 and amylin levels correlated positively with insulin concentrations (P < 0.001, P = 0.004 and P < 0.01, respectively) in all patients. Amylin and GIP levels were strongly associated with triglycerides concentrations (P < 0.001, for both peptides) in children with CD. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a different secretion pattern of gut-brain axis hormones in children with CD compared with HC. The alterations in the axis were more pronounced in children with both CD and T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papastamataki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Clinical features and symptom recovery on a gluten-free diet in Canadian adults with celiac disease. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2013; 27:449-53. [PMID: 23936873 DOI: 10.1155/2013/741740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease can present with mild or nongastrointestinal symptoms, and may escape timely recognition. The treatment of celiac disease involves a gluten-free diet, which is complex and challenging. OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical features and symptom recovery on a gluten-free diet in a Canadian adult celiac population. METHODS All adult members (n=10,693) of the two national celiac support organizations, the Canadian Celiac Association and Fondation québécoise de la maladie coeliaque, were surveyed using a questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 5912 individuals (≥18 years of age) with biopsy-confirmed celiac disease and⁄or dermatitis herpetiformis completed the survey. The female to male ratio was 3:1, and mean (± SD) age at diagnosis was 45.2 ± 16.4 years. Mean time to diagnosis after onset of symptoms was 12.0 ± 14.4 years. Abdominal pain and bloating (84.9%), extreme weakness⁄tiredness (74.2%), diarrhea (71.7%) and anemia (67.8%) were the most commonly reported symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Many respondents continued to experience symptoms after being on a gluten-free diet for >5 years. Sex differences were reported in clinical features before diagnosis, recovery after being on gluten-free diet and perceived quality of life, with women experiencing more difficulties than men. CONCLUSIONS Delays in diagnosis of celiac disease in Canada remain unacceptably long despite wider availability of serological screening tests. Many patients report continuing symptoms despite adhering to a gluten-free diet for >5 years, with women experiencing more symptoms and a lower recovery rate than men. Awareness of celiac disease needs improvement, and follow-up with a physician and a dietitian is essential for all patients with celiac disease.
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