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Shi NQ, Cui XY, Zhou C, Tang N, Cui DX. Application of near-infrared fluorescence imaging in theranostics of gastrointestinal tumors. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2023; 11:goad055. [PMID: 37781571 PMCID: PMC10533422 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers have become an important cause of cancer-related death in humans. Improving the early diagnosis rate of gastrointestinal tumors and improving the effect of surgical treatment can significantly improve the survival rate of patients. The conventional diagnostic method is high-definition white-light endoscopy, which often leads to missed diagnosis. For surgical treatment, intraoperative tumor localization and post-operative anastomotic state evaluation play important roles in the effect of surgical treatment. As a new imaging method, near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) has its unique advantages in the diagnosis and auxiliary surgical treatment of gastrointestinal tumors due to its high sensitivity and the ability to image deep tissues. In this review, we focus on the latest advances of NIRFI technology applied in early diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors, identification of tumor margins, identification of lymph nodes, and assessment of anastomotic leakage. In addition, we summarize the advances of NIRFI systems such as macro imaging and micro imaging systems, and also clearly describe the application process of NIRFI from system to clinical application, and look into the prospect of NIRFI applied in the theranostics of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Qing Shi
- Department of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yuan Cui
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Da-Xiang Cui
- Department of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Engineering Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Agrawal LS, Acharya S, Shukla S, Parekh YC. Future of Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). Cureus 2022; 14:e29567. [PMID: 36312686 PMCID: PMC9596090 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has transformed over the years in scope, safety, accuracy, acceptability, and cost effectiveness of the clinical practice. There has been a reduction in the superiority of the endoscopic devices as innovations have taken place and increased the diagnostic values with certain limitations. There are particular difficulties in striking a balance between the development of new technology and the device's acceptance. The wide use of endoscopy for investigating GI lesions and diagnosis has led to an increase in more advanced methods and their broad application. It can simultaneously diagnose pre-malignant and malignant lesions, and newer interventions have made the biopsy specimen uptake possible. In this review article, we focus on the more recent roles, indications, applications, and usage of the innovative methods of endoscopy.
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The development and clinical application of microscopic endoscopy for in vivo optical biopsies: Endocytoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102826. [PMID: 35337998 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endoscopies are crucial for detecting and diagnosing diseases in gastroenterology, pulmonology, urology, and other fields. To accurately diagnose diseases, sample biopsies are indispensable and are currently considered the gold standard. However, random 4-quadrant biopsies have sampling errors and time delays. To provide intraoperative real-time microscopic images of suspicious lesions, microscopic endoscopy for in vivo optical biopsy has been developed, including endocytoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy. This article reviews recent advances in technology and clinical applications, as well as their shortcomings and future directions.
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Tang Y, Anandasabapathy S, Richards‐Kortum R. Advances in optical gastrointestinal endoscopy: a technical review. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2580-2599. [PMID: 32915503 PMCID: PMC8486567 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical endoscopy is the primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool for management of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Most GI neoplasms arise from precancerous lesions; thus, technical innovations to improve detection and diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early cancers play a pivotal role in improving outcomes. Over the last few decades, the field of GI endoscopy has witnessed enormous and focused efforts to develop and translate accurate, user-friendly, and minimally invasive optical imaging modalities. From a technical point of view, a wide range of novel optical techniques is now available to probe different aspects of light-tissue interaction at macroscopic and microscopic scales, complementing white light endoscopy. Most of these new modalities have been successfully validated and translated to routine clinical practice. Herein, we provide a technical review of the current status of existing and promising new optical endoscopic imaging technologies for GI cancer screening and surveillance. We summarize the underlying principles of light-tissue interaction, the imaging performance at different scales, and highlight what is known about clinical applicability and effectiveness. Furthermore, we discuss recent discovery and translation of novel molecular probes that have shown promise to augment endoscopists' ability to diagnose GI lesions with high specificity. We also review and discuss the role and potential clinical integration of artificial intelligence-based algorithms to provide decision support in real time. Finally, we provide perspectives on future technology development and its potential to transform endoscopic GI cancer detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Tang
- Department of BioengineeringRice UniversityHoustonTXUSA
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Development and Characterisation of Antibody-Based Optical Imaging Probes for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090922. [PMID: 34577622 PMCID: PMC8468533 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are an important addition to the medicinal treatment paradigm for IBD patients. While effective, these agents show a high degree of primary and secondary non-response, and methods to predict response are highly desired. Information on drug distribution at the target level is often lacking. Fluorescent endoscopic imaging using labelled antibody drugs may provide insight regarding drug distribution, target engagement and drug response, but these assessments require stable and functional fluorescently-conjugated probes. Infliximab, vedolizumab, adalimumab and ustekinumab were conjugated to IRDye 800CW, IRDye 680LT and ZW800-1. The resulting 12 tracer candidates were analysed and characterised on SE-HPLC, SDS-PAGE, iso-electric focussing (IEF) and ELISA in order to evaluate their feasibility as candidate clinical tracers for cGMP development. Major differences in the conjugation results could be seen for each conjugated drug. For Infliximab, 2 conjugates (800CW and 680LT) showed formation of aggregates, while conjugates of all drugs with ZW800-1 showed reduced fluorescent brightness, reduced purification yield and formation of fragments. All 6 of these candidates were considered unfeasible. From the remaining 6, ustekinumab-680LT showed reduced binding to IL23, and was therefore considered unfeasible. Out of 12 potential tracer candidates, 5 were considered feasible for further development: vedolizumab-800CW, vedolizumab-680LT, adalimumab-800CW, adalimumab-680LT and ustekinumab-800CW. Infliximab-680LT and ustekinumab-680LT failed to meet the standards for this panel, but may be rendered feasible if tracer production methods were further optimized.
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Kim HI, Kim J, Kim H, Lee H, Yoon YS, Hwang SW, Park SH, Yang DH, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Yang SK, Kim SY, Myung SJ. Biomolecular imaging of colorectal tumor lesions using a FITC-labeled scFv-Cκ fragment antibody. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17155. [PMID: 34433835 PMCID: PMC8387423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For the sensitive diagnosis of colorectal cancer lesions, advanced molecular imaging techniques using cancer-specific targets have emerged. However, issues regarding the clearance of unbound probes and immunogenicity remain unresolved. To overcome these limitations, we developed a small-sized scFv antibody fragment conjugated with FITC for the real-time detection of colorectal cancer by in vivo molecular endoscopy imaging. A small-sized scFv fragment can target colon cancer secreted protein-2 (CCSP-2), highly expressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues; moreover, its full-length IgG probe has been used for molecular imaging previously. To assess the efficacy of anti-CCSP-2 scFv-FITC, surgical specimens were obtained from 21 patients with colorectal cancer for ex vivo molecular fluorescence analysis, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Orthotopic mice were administered with anti-CCSP-2 scFv-FITC topically and intravenously, and distinct tumor lesions were observed by real-time fluorescence colonoscopy. The fluorescence imaging of human colon cancer specimens allowed the differentiation of malignant tissues from non-malignant tissues (p < 0.05), and the CCSP-2 expression level was found to be correlated with the fluorescence intensity. Here, we demonstrated the feasibility and safety of anti-CCSP-2 scFv-FITC for molecular imaging as well as its potential in real-time fluorescence colonoscopy for the differential diagnosis of tumor lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Il Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon Kim
- Edisbiotech, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Lee
- Edisbiotech, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Yoon
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Edisbiotech, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea. .,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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McGoran JJ, Ragunath K. Endoscopic management of Barrett's esophagus: Western perspective of current status and future prospects. Dig Endosc 2021; 33:720-729. [PMID: 32790886 DOI: 10.1111/den.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma and current practice is to establish endoscopic surveillance once diagnosed, in order to identify early dysplasia and neoplasia that has the potential to undergo endoscopic eradication therapy (EET). Before embarking upon EET the clinical team has a duty to consider all viable options and come to a plan based on recent evidence. The therapeutic approach varies greatly but largely adheres to the mantra of 'Detect-Resect-Ablate', in which high-quality endoscopy identifies BE associated pathology, associated lesions (if present) undergo safe endoscopic resection and remaining intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus is ablated to prevent recurrence of dysplasia. In this review, current practice, pitfalls, complications, and the future perspectives on practice in this field are discussed. The Western perspective is focused on here, with an outline of the differences in clinical practice with Asian nations and attempts to bridge these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J McGoran
- Department of Digestive Diseases, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Krish Ragunath
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin University Medical School, Perth, WA, Australia
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Zhang D, Huang J, Li W, Zhang Z, Zhu M, Feng Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Lu S, He S. Screening and identification of a CD44v6 specific peptide using improved phage display for gastric cancer targeting. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1442. [PMID: 33313187 PMCID: PMC7723568 DOI: 10.21037/atm-19-4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Peptide probes can be applied for biomarker targeting to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is up-regulated in gastric cancer (GC). Among all the variants of CD44, CD44v6 is reported the most promising biomarker for GC. The purpose of this study was generating and identification a peptide ligand specific to CD44v6. Methods A 12-mer phage peptide library was screened on CD44v overexpressed HEK-293 cells with an improved subtractive method. Five candidate sequences emerged. Candidate phages were selected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and competitive inhibition assays. Then the sequence (designated ELT) was chosen for further study. Its binding affinity and specificity were verified on recombinant protein, GC cells, GC tissues and xenograft models based on BALB/c-nu/nu mice using dissociation constant calculation, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and in vivo imaging separately. Results The dissociation constant of ELT with recombinant protein was 611.2 nM. ELT stained CD44v overexpressed HEK-293 but not the cell expressing wild-type CD44s. On GC cell lines, ELT co-stained with anti-CD44v6 antibody. ELT binding on tumor tissues significantly increased compared with that of paracancer tissues, also showed a linear positive correlation with CD44v6 expression. ELT specifically accumulated in tumor and eliminated in short time in vivo. Conclusions ELT can target GC in vitro and in vivo via CD44v6, indicating its potential to serve as a probe for GC targeting diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shannxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shannxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yarui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Rath T, Morgenstern N, Vitali F, Atreya R, Neurath MF. Advanced Endoscopic Imaging in Colonic Neoplasia. Visc Med 2020; 36:48-59. [PMID: 32110657 PMCID: PMC7036553 DOI: 10.1159/000505411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic imaging is a rapidly evolving field with a constant influx of new concepts and technologies. Since the introduction of video endoscopy and subsequently high-definition imaging as the first revolutions in gastrointestinal endoscopy, several technologies of virtual chromoendoscopy have been developed and brought to the market in the past decade, which have shaped and revolutionized for a second time our approach to endoscopic imaging. In parallel to these developments, microscopic imaging technologies, such as endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy, allow us to examine single cells within the mucosa in real time, thereby enabling histological diagnoses during ongoing endoscopy. SUMMARY In this review, we provide an overview on the technical background of different technologies of advanced endoscopic imaging, and then review and discuss their role and applications for the diagnosis and management of colorectal neoplasms as well as limitations and challenges that exist despite all technological improvements. KEY MESSAGES Technologies of advanced endoscopic imaging have profound impact not only on our imaging capabilities, they are also about to fundamentally change our approach to managing lesions in the gastrointestinal tract: not every lesion found during colonoscopy has to be excised or sent for histopathologic evaluation. However, before this becomes widespread reality, major obstacles such as patient acceptance, adoption by less trained endoscopists, and also legal aspects need to carefully addressed. The development of computer-aided diagnosis and artificial intelligence algorithms hold the potential to overcome the obstacles associated with the concept of optical biopsy and will most likely fundamentally facilitate, shape, and change decision making in the management of colorectal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rath
- Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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