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Tian QQ, Zhu YT, Diao XX, Zhang XL, Xu YC, Jiang XR, Shen JS, Wang Z, Zhong DF. Species differences in the CYP3A-catalyzed metabolism of TPN729, a novel PDE5 inhibitor. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:482-490. [PMID: 32581257 PMCID: PMC8027186 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TPN729 is a novel phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor used to treat erectile dysfunction in men. Our previous study shows that the plasma exposure of metabolite M3 (N-dealkylation of TPN729) in humans is much higher than that of TPN729. In this study, we compared its metabolism and pharmacokinetics in different species and explored the contribution of its main metabolite M3 to pharmacological effect. We conducted a combinatory approach of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolite identification, and examined pharmacokinetic profiles in monkeys, dogs, and rats following TPN729 administration. A remarkable species difference was observed in the relative abundance of major metabolite M3: i.e., the plasma exposure of M3 was 7.6-fold higher than that of TPN729 in humans, and 3.5-, 1.2-, 1.1-fold in monkeys, dogs, and rats, respectively. We incubated liver S9 and liver microsomes with TPN729 and CYP3A inhibitors, and demonstrated that CYP3A was responsible for TPN729 metabolism and M3 formation in humans. The inhibitory activity of M3 on PDE5 was 0.78-fold that of TPN729 (The IC50 values of TPN729 and M3 for PDE5A were 6.17 ± 0.48 and 7.94 ± 0.07 nM, respectively.). The plasma protein binding rates of TPN729 and M3 in humans were 92.7% and 98.7%, respectively. It was astonishing that the catalyzing capability of CYP3A4 in M3 formation exhibited seven-fold disparity between different species. M3 was an active metabolite, and its pharmacological contribution was equal to that of TPN729 in humans. These findings provide new insights into the limitation and selection of animal model for predicting the clinical pharmacokinetics of drug candidates metabolized by CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun-Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing-Xing Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiang-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ye-Chun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiang-Rui Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing-Shan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Da-Fang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Hu M, Li Y, You F, Bai J, Fan X, Zhao S, Sun Y, Wang B, Hu J, Li Y. Comparison and identification of metabolic profiling of bicyclol in rats, dogs and humans in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105518. [PMID: 32818657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclol, a novel hepatoprotective agent, has been widely used to treat chronic viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, its metabolic characteristics remains to be explored, especially in humans. The current study aimed to identify major metabolites and specific metabolizing enzymes involved in bicyclol metabolism in vitro and in vivo using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS). After incubation with liver microsomes and oral administration to rats, dogs and humans, a total of nine metabolites of bicyclol were identified including M1 (methyl ester hydrolysate product), M2-M3 (demethylated bicyclol), M4-M5 (demethoxy or dehydroxymethyl bicyclol), M6 (glucuronidated bicyclol) and M7-M9 (glucuronide conjugates of metabolites). Among these metabolites, M2 and M3 were the major phase I metabolites mainly mediated by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, while M6 was the dominant phase II metabolite primarily catalyzed by UGT2B4. In this study, species-related metabolic difference among rats, dogs and humans were observed. In humans and dogs, M6 (glucuronidated bicyclol) was the most abundant circulating metabolite (higher than the parent drug) in the blood after oral administration, while the parent drug was the highest in rats. M4 and M5 were rats-specific metabolites whereas M1 and M9 were absent in dogs in vivo. The metabolism of bicyclol was demonstrated as demethylation and glucuronidation mediated by multiple drug metabolizing enzymes in different species. Our findings systematically elucidated the metabolic sites and routes of bicyclol in human for the first time, which may be helpful for rational combined application in clinic and further study of metabolites-related efficacy or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Union Pharmaceutical Facroty, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Feng You
- Beijing Union Pharmaceutical Facroty, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoqing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shengyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Baolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jinping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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