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Naghdi E, Reinau ME, Krogh TN, Neusüß C. Chemical Mobilization-Based Capillary Isoelectric Focusing-Mass Spectrometry Using the nanoCEasy Interface for Pharmaceutical Protein Analysis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:12827-12837. [PMID: 39072373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is regarded as an outstanding approach for protein and proteoform analysis, combining a high-resolution separation technique and an enhanced detection technique. The few so-far developed CIEF-ESI-MS approaches exhibit limitations regarding sensitivity and separation performance. Here, we report a new generic methodology for CIEF-ESI-MS based on chemical mobilization, leading to highly efficient separation. This new integrated methodology relies on exchanging catholyte, initially introduced in the nanoCEasy interface in the focusing step, with sheath liquid (SL) in order to chemically mobilize the analytes into the ESI-MS system. The CIEF-MS method is evaluated by separation of a peptide set, model proteins, and monoclonal antibody charge variants. The effect of various parameters including master mixture composition, field strength, catholyte, SL composition, focusing time, and capillary conditions is optimized and discussed. Excellent separation performance can be achieved with a pI resolution down to 0.1 pH unit. The mobilization reproducibility is demonstrated with "migration time" RSDs below 10%. Additionally, the chemical mobilization is compared with the pressure assistance-chemical mobilization method, demonstrating that even a small pressure causes a strong decrease in separation performance, which clearly indicates the benefit of the chemical mobilization-based method. The applicability and separation power of the developed method are further exhibited by separation of Fc-conjugated insulins (mass = 62 kDa) differing in only one amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Naghdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marika Ejby Reinau
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Research Technologies, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
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2
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Krishna Sudhakar H, Yau JTK, Alcock LJ, Lau YH. Accessing diverse bicyclic peptide conformations using 1,2,3-TBMB as a linker. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39007293 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00901k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Bicyclic peptides are a powerful modality for engaging challenging drug targets such as protein-protein interactions. Here, we use 1,2,3-tris(bromomethyl)benzene (1,2,3-TBMB) to access bicyclic peptides with diverse conformations that differ from conventional bicyclisation products formed with 1,3,5-TBMB. Bicyclisation at cysteine residues under aqueous buffer conditions proceeds efficiently, with broad substrate scope, compatibility with high-throughput screening, and clean conversion (>90%) for 96 of the 115 peptides tested. We envisage that the 1,2,3-TBMB linker will be applicable to a variety of peptide screening techniques in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackie Tsz Ki Yau
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Lisa J Alcock
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Yu Heng Lau
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
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3
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Zhou J, Xie Z, Wang J, Zeng Z, Hu Z, Zhong L, Yang Q, Shi W, Qian H. Design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of novel fusion peptides and their CPT conjugates inducing effective anti-tumor responses on HER2 positive tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116032. [PMID: 38104378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) represents an ideal target for antibody drug development, abnormal expression of the HER2 gene is associated with multiple tumor types. Pertuzumab, as the first monoclonal antibody inhibitor of HER2 dimerization, has been FDA-approved for HER2-positive patients. In order to enhance the activity of HER2-targeted peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) developed based on pertuzumab, a novel class of conjugates 1-9 was designed and synthesized by fusing the N-terminal peptide sequence of the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) with P1, followed by conjugation with CPT molecules. Compound 4 exhibited excellent in vitro anti-tumor activity across the three HER2-positive cell lines, comparable to the activity of CPT. Apoptosis induction assays indicated that the synergistic effect of the SMAC sequence enhanced the pro-apoptotic activity of the conjugate. Western Blot analysis and Caspase activity studies validated the mechanism through which SMAC peptides, in synergy with CPT, enhance the activity of PDCs. In vivo studies demonstrated that compound 4 possesses superior anti-tumor activity compared to CPT and can effectively mitigate potential renal toxicity associated with free SMAC peptides. In conclusion, conjugate 4 exhibited excellent anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo, offering potential for further development as a novel peptide-conjugated drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhou
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhancheng Xie
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jialing Wang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zeqi Zeng
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Li Zhong
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Qimeng Yang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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4
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Lyons-Abbott S, Abramov A, Chan CL, Deer JR, Fu G, Hassouneh W, Koch T, Misquith A, O'Neill J, Simon SA, Wolf A, Yeh R, Vernet E. Choice of fusion proteins, expression host, and analytics solves difficult-to-produce protein challenges in discovery research. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300162. [PMID: 37802118 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
High quality biological reagents are a prerequisite for pharmacological research. Herein a protein production screening approach, including quality assessment methods, for protein-based discovery research is presented. Trends from 2895 expression constructs representing 253 proteins screened in mammalian and bacterial hosts-91% of which are successfully expressed and purified-are discussed. Mammalian expression combined with the use of solubility-promoting fusion proteins is deemed suitable for most targets. Furthermore, cases utilizing stable cell line generation and choice of fusion protein for higher yield and quality of difficult-to-produce proteins (Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) and Neurturin) are presented and discussed. In the case of Neurturin, choice of fusion protein impacted the target binding 80-fold. These results highlight the need for exploration of construct designs and careful Quality Control (QC) of difficult-to-produce protein reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariel Abramov
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chung-Leung Chan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jen Running Deer
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Guangsen Fu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wafa Hassouneh
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tyree Koch
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ayesha Misquith
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jason O'Neill
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Anitra Wolf
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ronald Yeh
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erik Vernet
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Jülke EM, Fischer JP, Els-Heindl S, Bierer D, Flamme I, Köbberling J, Riedl B, Beck-Sickinger AG. Rational design of highly stabilized and selective adrenomedullin analogs. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3530. [PMID: 37423610 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) consists of 52 amino acids with a disulfide bond and an amidated C-terminus. Due to the vasodilatory and cardioprotective effects, the agonistic activity of the peptide on the adrenomedullin 1 receptor (AM1 R) is of high pharmacological interest. However, the wild-type peptide shows low metabolic stability leading to rapid degradation in the cardiovascular system. Previous work by our group has identified proteolytic cleavage sites and demonstrated stabilization of ADM by lipidation, cyclization, and N-methylation. Nevertheless, these ADM analogs showed reduced activity and subtype selectivity toward the closely related calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR). Here, we report on the rational development of ADM derivatives with increased proteolytic stability and high receptor selectivity. Stabilizing motifs, including lactamization and lipidation, were evaluated regarding AM1 R and CGRPR activation. Furthermore, the central DKDK motif of the peptide was replaced by oligoethylene glycol linkers. The modified peptides were synthesized by Fmoc/t-Bu solid-phase peptide synthesis and receptor activation of AM1 R and CGRPR was measured by cAMP reporter gene assay. Peptide stability was tested in human blood plasma and porcine liver homogenate and analyzed by RP-HPLC and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. Combination of the favorable lactam, lipidation, ethylene glycol linker, and previously described disulfide mimetic resulted in highly stabilized analogs with a plasma half-life of more than 144 h. The compounds display excellent AM1 R activity and wild-type-like selectivity toward CGRPR. Additionally, dose-dependent vasodilatory effects of the ADM derivatives lasted for several hours in rodents. Thus, we successfully developed an ADM analog with long-term in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Jülke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Donald Bierer
- Division Pharmaceuticals, Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ingo Flamme
- Division Pharmaceuticals, Research & Early Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Johannes Köbberling
- Division Pharmaceuticals, Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Bernd Riedl
- Division Pharmaceuticals, Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
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Yue W, Shen J. Local Delivery Strategies for Peptides and Proteins into the CNS: Status Quo, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:810. [PMID: 37375758 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, peptides and proteins have been increasingly important in the treatment of various human diseases and conditions owing to their specificity, potency, and minimized off-target toxicity. However, the existence of the practically impermeable blood brain barrier (BBB) limits the entry of macromolecular therapeutics into the central nervous systems (CNS). Consequently, clinical translation of peptide/protein therapeutics for the treatment of CNS diseases has been limited. Over the past decades, developing effective delivery strategies for peptides and proteins has gained extensive attention, in particular with localized delivery strategies, due to the fact that they are capable of circumventing the physiological barrier to directly introduce macromolecular therapeutics into the CNS to improve therapeutic effects and reduce systemic side effects. Here, we discuss various local administration and formulation strategies that have shown successes in the treatment of CNS diseases using peptide/protein therapeutics. Lastly, we discuss challenges and future perspectives of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhou Yue
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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7
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Kim HS, Park SC, Kim HJ, Lee DY. Inhibition of DAMP actions in the tumoral microenvironment using lactoferrin-glycyrrhizin conjugate for glioblastoma therapy. Biomater Res 2023; 27:52. [PMID: 37210579 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) released from the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the tumor progression. HMGB1 serves as a damaged-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that induces tumor angiogenesis and its development. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is an effective intracellular antagonist of tumor released HMGB1, but its pharmacokinetics (PK) and delivery to tumor site is deficient. To address this shortcoming, we developed lactoferrin-glycyrrhizin (Lf-GL) conjugate. METHODS Biomolecular interaction between Lf-GL and HMGB1 was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding affinity assay. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and development by Lf-GL attenuating HMGB1 action in the tumor microenvironment was comprehensively evaluated through in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Pharmacokinetic study and anti-tumor effects of Lf-GL were investigated in orthotopic glioblastoma mice model. RESULTS Lf-GL interacts with lactoferrin receptor (LfR) expressed on BBB and GBM, therefore, efficiently inhibits HMGB1 in both the cytoplasmic and extracellular regions of tumors. Regarding the tumor microenvironment, Lf-GL inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by blocking HMGB1 released from necrotic tumors and preventing recruitment of vascular endothelial cells. In addition, Lf-GL improved the PK properties of GL approximately tenfold in the GBM mouse model and reduced tumor growth by 32%. Concurrently, various biomarkers for tumor were radically diminished. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study demonstrates a close association between HMGB1 and tumor progression, suggesting Lf-GL as a potential strategy for coping with DAMP-related tumor microenvironment. HMGB1 is a tumor-promoting DAMP in the tumor microenvironment. The high binding capability of Lf-GL to HMGB1 inhibits tumor progression cascade such as tumor angiogenesis, development, and metastasis. Lf-GL targets GBM through interaction with LfR and allows to arrest HMGB1 released from the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, Lf-GL can be a GBM treatment by modulating HMGB1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Shik Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, and Elixir Pharmatech Inc, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chan Park
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, and Elixir Pharmatech Inc, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, and Elixir Pharmatech Inc, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, and Elixir Pharmatech Inc, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) & Institute For Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Elixir Pharmatech Inc., Seoul, 07463, Republic of Korea.
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Maeng J, Lee K. Inhibitors of dimerized translationally controlled tumor protein, a histamine releasing factor, may serve as anti-allergic drug candidates. Biochimie 2023; 211:141-152. [PMID: 36963558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also called histamine releasing factor (HRF), exhibits cytokine-like activities associated with initiation of allergic responses only after forming dimers (dTCTP). Agents that inhibit dTCTP by preventing its dimerization or otherwise block its function, also block development of allergic reactions, thereby serving as potential drugs to treat allergic diseases. Several lines of evidence have proven that peptides and antibodies that specifically inhibit the interactions between dTCTP and either its putative receptor or immunoglobulins exhibit significant in vivo efficacy as potential anti-inflammatory agents in murine models of allergic inflammatory diseases. This review highlights the development of several inhibitors targeting dTCTP and discusses how they affect the pathophysiologic processes of allergic and inflammatory diseases in several animal models and offers new perspectives on anti-allergic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehye Maeng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunglim Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Can molecular dynamics facilitate the design of protein-protein-interaction inhibitors? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:8-9. [PMID: 36418482 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Seo H, Bae HD, Pyun H, Kim BG, Lee SI, Song JS, Lee K. PEGylation improves the therapeutic potential of dimerized translationally controlled tumor protein blocking peptide in ovalbumin-induced mouse model of airway inflammation. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2320-2329. [PMID: 35850571 PMCID: PMC9302014 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimerized translationally controlled tumor protein (dTCTP) initiates a variety of allergic responses in mouse models and that dTCTP-binding peptide 2 (dTBP2) attenuates the allergic inflammation by targeting dTCTP. However, the usefulness of peptide-based drugs is often limited due to their short half-lives, rapid degradation, and high levels of clearance after systemic administration. In this study, we chemically conjugated dTBP2 with 10 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) to improve its therapeutic potential. N-terminal mono-PEGylated dTBP2 (PEG-dTBP2) was characterized by in vitro bioactivity assay, pharmacokinetics study, and in vivo efficacy. When compared to the unmodified dTBP2, PEG-dTBP2 reduced proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 secretion in human bronchial cells by 10 to 15% and increased plasma half-life by approximately 2.5-fold in mice. This study specifically demonstrated that PEG-dTBP2 shows higher inhibitory action against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation in mice compared to dTBP2. Importantly, PEG-dTBP2, when administered once at 1 mg/kg, significantly reduced the migration of inflammatory cells and the levels of cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids as well as OVA-specific IgE levels in serum. In addition, the degree of goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus secretion were significantly attenuated in the PEG-dTBP2 group compared with the control group. These results suggest that PEG-dTBP2 can be considered a potential candidate drug for regulating allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Seo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Duck Bae
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haejun Pyun
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Gyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Song
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyunglim Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Tasdemiroglu Y, Gourdie RG, He JQ. In vivo degradation forms, anti-degradation strategies, and clinical applications of therapeutic peptides in non-infectious chronic diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175192. [PMID: 35981605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Current medicinal treatments for diseases comprise largely of two categories: small molecular (chemical) (e.g., aspirin) and larger molecular (peptides/proteins, e.g., insulin) drugs. Whilst both types of therapeutics can effectively treat different diseases, ranging from well-understood (in view of pathogenesis and treatment) examples (e.g., flu), to less-understood chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes), classical small molecule drugs often possess significant side-effects (a major cause of drug withdrawal from market) due to their low- or non-specific targeting. By contrast, therapeutic peptides, which comprise short sequences from naturally occurring peptides/proteins, commonly demonstrate high target specificity, well-characterized modes-of-action, and low or non-toxicity in vivo. Unfortunately, due to their small size, linear permutation, and lack of tertiary structure, peptidic drugs are easily subject to rapid degradation or loss in vivo through chemical and physical routines, thus resulting in a short half-life and reduced therapeutic efficacy, a major drawback that can reduce therapeutic efficiency. However, recent studies demonstrate that the short half-life of peptidic drugs can be significantly extended by various means, including use of enantiomeric or non-natural amino acids (AAs) (e.g., L-AAs replacement with D-AAs), chemical conjugation [e.g., with polyethylene glycol], and encapsulation (e.g., in exosomes). In this context, we provide an overview of the major in vivo degradation forms of small therapeutic peptides in the plasma and anti-degradation strategies. We also update on the progress of small peptide therapeutics that are either currently in clinical trials or are being successfully used in clinical therapies for patients with non-infectious diseases, such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Tasdemiroglu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Robert G Gourdie
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Jia-Qiang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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12
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Ranjbar V, Molavipordanjani S, Biabani Ardakani J, Akhlaghi M, Nikkholgh B, Hosseinimehr SJ. Initial preclinical evaluation of 68 Ga-DOTA-(Ser) 3 -LTVSPWY peptide as a PET radiotracer for glioblastoma targeting and imaging. Nucl Med Commun 2022; 43:945-951. [PMID: 35754162 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Imaging of glioblastoma multiform (GBM) tumor using 68 -Galium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraaceticacid-Ser-Ser-Ser-Leu-Thr-Val-Ser-Pro-Trp-Tyr ( 68 Ga-DOTA-(Ser)3-LTVSPWY) as a PET radiotracer for HER2 receptor due to fact that this receptor plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis and tumor progression in a wide range of cancer. METHODS 68 Ga-DOTA-(Ser) 3 -LTVSPWY was produced with high radiochemical purity. The affinity and specificity of this radiotracer toward HER2 receptor on the surface of glioma glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cell line were evaluated. Furthermore, the biodistribution and PET imaging of this radiolabeled peptide were investigated on xenografted U-87 MG tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS The in-vitro specific binding study revealed that the 68 Ga-DOTA-(Ser) 3 -LTVSPWY binds to different cell lines with respect to their level of HER2 expression. The calculated K D and B max of radiolabeled peptide toward U-87 MG cell line were 5.5 ± 2.4 nmol/l and (2.4 ± 0.3) × 10 5 receptors per cell, respectively. The highest tumor uptake was observed at 30-min postinjection, whereas the tumor-to-muscle ratio was about four-fold. The acquired PET images distinctively show tumor site, which was blocked with excess nonlabeled peptide that revealed specific in-vivo targeting of 68 Ga-DOTA-(Ser) 3 -LTVSPWY for glioma. CONCLUSION 68 Ga-DOTA-(Ser) 3 -LTVSPWY specifically recognizes HER2 receptors and could be a potential candidate for GBM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venousheh Ranjbar
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Sajjad Molavipordanjani
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari
| | - Javad Biabani Ardakani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd
| | - Mehdi Akhlaghi
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd
| | - Babak Nikkholgh
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
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13
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Seifert O, Kontermann RE. GlycoTAIL and FlexiTAIL as Half-Life Extension Modules for Recombinant Antibody Fragments. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103272. [PMID: 35630749 PMCID: PMC9143431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many therapeutic proteins are small in size and are rapidly cleared from circulation. Consequently, half-life extension strategies have emerged to improve pharmacokinetic properties, including fusion or binding to long-lasting serum proteins, chemical modifications with hydrophilic polymers such as PEGylation, or, more recently, fusion to PEG mimetic polypeptides. In the present study, two different PEG mimetic approaches, the GlycoTAIL and the FlexiTAIL, were applied to increase the hydrodynamic radius of antibody fragments of different sizes and valencies, including scFv, diabody, and scFv-EHD2 fusion proteins. The GlycoTAIL and FlexiTAIL sequences of varying lengths are composed of aliphatic and hydrophilic residues, with the GlycoTAIL furthermore comprising N-glycosylation sites. All modified proteins could be produced in a mammalian expression system without reducing stability and antigen binding, and all modified proteins exhibited a prolonged half-life and increased drug disposition in mice. The strongest effects were observed for proteins comprising a FlexiTAIL of 248 residues. Thus, the GlycoTAIL and FlexiTAIL sequences represent a flexible and modular system to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seifert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Roland E. Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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14
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Wijesinghe A, Kumari S, Booth V. Conjugates for use in peptide therapeutics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0255753. [PMID: 35259149 PMCID: PMC8903268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While peptides can be excellent therapeutics for several conditions, their limited in vivo half-lives have been a major bottleneck in the development of therapeutic peptides. Conjugating the peptide to an inert chemical moiety is a strategy that has repeatedly proven to be successful in extending the half-life of some therapeutics. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the available literature and assess it in an unbiased manner to determine which conjugates, both biological and synthetic, provide the greatest increase in therapeutic peptide half-life. Systematic searches run on PubMed, Scopus and SciFinder databases resulted in 845 studies pertaining to the topic, 16 of these were included in this review after assessment against pre-specified inclusion criteria registered on PROSPERO (#CRD42020222579). The most common reasons for exclusion were non-IV administration and large peptide size. Of the 16 studies that were included, a diverse suite of conjugates that increased half-life from 0.1 h to 33.57 h was identified. Amongst these peptides, the largest increase in half-life was seen when conjugated with glycosaminoglycans. A meta-analysis of studies that contained fatty acid conjugates indicated that acylation contributed to a statistically significant extension of half-life. Additionally, another meta-analysis followed by a sensitivity analysis suggested that conjugation with specifically engineered recombinant peptides might contribute to a more efficient extension of peptide half-life as compared to PEGylation. Moreover, we confirmed that while polyethylene glycol is a good synthetic conjugate, its chain length likely has an impact on its effectiveness in extending half-life. Furthermore, we found that most animal studies do not include as much detail when reporting findings as compared to human studies. Inclusion of additional experimental detail on aspects such as independent assessment and randomization may be an easily accomplished strategy to drive more conjugated peptides towards clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashan Wijesinghe
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Sarika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Valerie Booth
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- * E-mail:
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15
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Collyer SE, Stack GD, Walsh JJ. Selective delivery of clinically approved tubulin binding agents through covalent conjugation to an active targeting moiety. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5179-5211. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220401105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The efficacy and tolerability of tubulin binding agents are hampered by their low specificity for cancer cells, like most clinically used anticancer agents. To improve specificity, tubulin binding agents have been covalently conjugated to agents which target cancer cells to give actively targeted drug conjugates. These conjugates are designed to increase uptake of the drug by cancer cells, while having limited uptake by normal cells thereby improving efficacy and tolerability.
Approaches used include attachment to small molecules, polysaccharides, peptides, proteins and antibodies that exploit the overexpression of receptors for these substances. Antibody targeted strategies have been the most successful to date with six such examples having gained clinical approval. Many other conjugate types, especially those targeting the folate receptor, have shown promising efficacy and toxicity profiles in pre-clinical models and in early-stage clinical studies. Presented herein is a discussion of the success or otherwise of the recent strategies used to form these actively targeted conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E. Collyer
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary D. Stack
- Department of Nursing and Healthcare, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland
| | - John J. Walsh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Xu W, Cong Z, Duan Q, Wang Q, Su S, Wang R, Lu L, Xue J, Jiang S. A Protein-Based, Long-Acting HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitor with an Improved Pharmacokinetic Profile. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040424. [PMID: 35455421 PMCID: PMC9025429 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a series of highly effective peptide- or protein-based HIV fusion inhibitors have been identified. However, due to their short half-life, their clinical application is limited. Therefore, the development of long-acting HIV fusion inhibitors is urgently needed. Here, we designed and constructed a protein-based, long-acting HIV fusion inhibitor, termed FLT (FN3-L35-T1144), consisting of a monobody, FN3, which contains an albumin-binding domain (ABD), a 35-mer linker (L35), and a peptide-based HIV fusion inhibitor, T1144. We found that FLT bound, via its FN3 component, with human serum albumin (HSA) in a reversible manner, thus maintaining the high efficiency of T1144 against infection by both HIV-1 IIIB (X4) and Bal (R5) strains with IC50 of 11.6 nM and 15.3 nM, respectively, and remarkably prolonging the half-life of T1144 (~27 h in SD rats). This approach affords protein-based HIV fusion inhibitors with much longer half-life compared to enfuvirtide, a peptide-based HIV fusion inhibitor approved for use in clinics. Therefore, FLT is a promising candidate as a new protein-based anti-HIV drug with an improved pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (W.X.); (Q.D.); (Q.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Zhe Cong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China;
| | - Qianyu Duan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (W.X.); (Q.D.); (Q.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Qian Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (W.X.); (Q.D.); (Q.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Shan Su
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (W.X.); (Q.D.); (Q.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Prosperous Biopharm Company, Beijing 100021, China;
| | - Lu Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (W.X.); (Q.D.); (Q.W.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (J.X.); (S.J.)
| | - Jing Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China;
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (J.X.); (S.J.)
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (W.X.); (Q.D.); (Q.W.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (J.X.); (S.J.)
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17
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Hadar D, Strugach DS, Amiram M. Conjugates of Recombinant Protein‐Based Polymers: Combining Precision with Chemical Diversity. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dagan Hadar
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Daniela S. Strugach
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Miriam Amiram
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
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18
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Wang L, Chen H, Wang F, Zhang X. The development of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) strategies for paclitaxel. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:147-161. [PMID: 35130795 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2039621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paclitaxel is a powerful and effective anti-tumor drug with wide clinical application. However, there are still some limitations, including poor water solubility, low specificity, and susceptibility to drug resistance. The peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) represent a rising class of therapeutic drugs, which combines small-molecule chemotherapeutic drugs with highly flexible peptides through a cleavable or non-cleavable linker. When this strategy is applied, the therapeutic effects of paclitaxel can be improved. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the application of the PDCs strategy in paclitaxel, including two parts: the tumor targeting peptide-paclitaxel conjugates and the cell penetrating peptide-paclitaxel conjugates. EXPERT OPINION Combining drugs with multifunctional peptides covalently is an effective strategy for delivering paclitaxel to tumors. Depending on different functional peptides, conjugates can increase the water solubility of paclitaxel, tumor permeability of paclitaxel, the accumulation of paclitaxel in tumor tissues, and enhance the antitumor effect of paclitaxel. In addition, due to the change of cell entry mechanism, partial conjugates can restore the therapeutic activity of paclitaxel against resistant tumors. Notably, in order to better translate into the clinical field in the future, more research should be conducted to ensure the safety and effectiveness of peptide-paclitaxel conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
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19
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Simón-Gracia L, Loisel S, Sidorenko V, Scodeller P, Parizot C, Savier E, Haute T, Teesalu T, Rebollo A. Preclinical Validation of Tumor-Penetrating and Interfering Peptides against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:895-903. [PMID: 35113575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in adults. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of tumoral B cells resulting from a defect of apoptosis. We have in vitro and in vivo preclinically validated a tumor-penetrating peptide (named TT1) coupled to an interfering peptide (IP) that dissociates the interaction between the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) from its physiological inhibitor, the oncoprotein SET. This TT1-IP peptide has an antitumoral effect on CLL, as shown by the increased survival of mice bearing xenograft models of CLL, compared to control mice. The peptide did not show toxicity, as indicated by the mouse body weight and the biochemical parameters, such as renal and hepatic enzymes. In addition, the peptide-induced apoptosis in vitro of primary tumoral B cells isolated from CLL patients but not of those isolated from healthy patients. Finally, the peptide had approximately 5 h half-life in human serum and showed pharmacokinetic parameters compatible with clinical development as a therapeutic peptide against CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Simón-Gracia
- Laboratory of Precision and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Severine Loisel
- Université de Brest, Service Général des plateformes, Animalerie Commune, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Valeria Sidorenko
- Laboratory of Precision and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pablo Scodeller
- Laboratory of Precision and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christophe Parizot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Savier
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France.,St Antoine Research Center (CRSA), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne University, INSERM, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Tanguy Haute
- Université de Brest, Plateforme SyNanoVect, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Laboratory of Precision and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.,Center for Nanomedicine, University of California Santa Barbara, 92037 Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Angelita Rebollo
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1267, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France
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20
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Mahmood I, Pettinato M. Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on the Pharmacokinetics of Peptides: When Is the Assessment of Certain Factors Warranted? Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 11:antib11010001. [PMID: 35076485 PMCID: PMC8788552 DOI: 10.3390/antib11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are short chains of 2 to 50 amino acids (molecular weight of less than 10 kDa) linked together by peptide bonds. As therapeutic agents, peptides are of interest because the body naturally produces many different peptides. Short-chain peptides have many advantages as compared with long-chain peptides (e.g., low toxicity). The first peptide corticotropin was approved in 1952 for multiple inflammatory diseases and West syndrome. Since then, more than 60 peptides have been approved by the FDA. Pharmacokinetics (PK) is widely used in modern-day drug development for designing a safe and efficacious dose to treat a wide variety of diseases. There are, however, several factors termed as “intrinsic” or “extrinsic” which can influence the PK of a drug, and as a result, one has to adjust the dose in a patient population. These intrinsic and extrinsic factors can be described as age, gender, disease states such as renal and hepatic impairment, drug–drug interaction, food, smoking, and alcohol consumption. It is well known that these intrinsic and extrinsic factors can have a substantial impact on the PK of small molecules, but for macromolecules, the impact of these factors is not well established. This review summarizes the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the PK of peptides.
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21
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Zamolodchikova TS, Tolpygo SM, Kotov AV. From Agonist to Antagonist: Modulation of the Physiological Action of Angiotensins by Protein Conjugation-Hemodynamics and Behavior. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:772217. [PMID: 34803713 PMCID: PMC8595096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana S Zamolodchikova
- Physiology of Motivation Laboratory, P. K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana M Tolpygo
- Physiology of Motivation Laboratory, P. K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Kotov
- Physiology of Motivation Laboratory, P. K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Malviya R, Verma S, Sundram S. Advancement and Strategies for the Development of Peptide-Drug Conjugates: Pharmacokinetic Modulation, Role and Clinical Evidence Against Cancer Management. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 22:286-311. [PMID: 34792003 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666211118111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, many new treatment strategies are being used for the management of cancer. Among them, chemotherapy based on peptides has been of great interest due to the unique features of peptides. This review discusses the role of peptide and peptides analogues in the treatment of cancer, with special emphasis on their pharmacokinetic modulation and research progress. Low molecular weight, targeted drug delivery, enhanced permeability, etc., of the peptide-linked drug conjugates, lead to an increase in the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Various peptides have recently been developed as drugs and vaccines with an altered pharmacokinetic parameter which has subsequently been assessed in different phases of the clinical study. Peptides have made a great impact in the area of cancer therapy and diagnosis. Targeted chemotherapy and drug delivery techniques using peptides are emerging as excellent tools in minimizing problems with conventional chemotherapy. It can be concluded that new advances in using peptides to treat different types of cancer have been shown by different clinical studies indicating that peptides could be used as an ideal therapeutic method in treating cancer due to the novel advantages of peptides. The development of identifying and synthesizing novel peptides could provide a promising choice to patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida. India
| | - Swati Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida. India
| | - Sonali Sundram
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida. India
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23
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Comparison of Quantification of Target-Specific Accumulation of [ 18F]F-siPSMA-14 in the HET-CAM Model and in Mice Using PET/MRI. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164007. [PMID: 34439163 PMCID: PMC8393674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Animal studies are essential for the development of new radiopharmaceuticals to determine specific accumulation and biodistribution. Alternative models, such as the HET-CAM model, offer the possibility of reducing animal experiments in accordance with the 3Rs principles. Accurate quantification of tumor accumulation of a PSMA-specific ligand in the HET-CAM model and comparison with corresponding animal experiments was performed using the imaging modalities PET and MRI. It was demonstrated that the HET-CAM model leads to comparable results and is suitable as an alternative to animal experiments for the initial assessment of target-specific binding of novel radiopharmaceuticals. However, as evaluation of biodistribution in ovo is still limited, further animal experiments with promising compounds are mandatory. Abstract Assessment of biodistribution and specific tumor accumulation is essential for the development of new radiopharmaceuticals and requires animal experiments. The HET-CAM (hens-egg test—chorioallantoic membrane) model can be used in combination with the non-invasive imaging modalities PET and MRI for pre-selection during radiopharmaceutical development to reduce the number of animal experiments required. Critical to the acceptance of this model is the demonstration of the quantifiability and reproducibility of these data compared to the standard animal model. Tumor accumulation and biodistribution of the PSMA-specific radiotracer [18F]F-siPSMA-14 was analyzed in the chick embryo and in an immunodeficient mouse model. Evaluation was based on MRI and PET data in both models. γ-counter measurements and histopathological analyses complemented these data. PSMA-specific accumulation of [18F]F-siPSMA-14 was successfully demonstrated in the HET-CAM model, similar to the results obtained by mouse model studies. The combination of MR and PET imaging allowed precise quantification of peptide accumulation, initial assessment of biodistribution, and accurate determination of tumor volume. Thus, the use of the HET-CAM model is suitable for the pre-selection of new radiopharmaceuticals and potentially reduces animal testing in line with the 3Rs principles of animal welfare.
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24
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Su FY, Mac QD, Sivakumar A, Kwong GA. Interfacing Biomaterials with Synthetic T Cell Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100157. [PMID: 33887123 PMCID: PMC8349871 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success of cancer immunotherapy is providing exciting opportunities for the development of new methods to detect and treat cancer more effectively. A new generation of biomaterials is being developed to interface with molecular and cellular features of immunity and ultimately shape or control anti-tumor responses. Recent advances that are supporting the advancement of engineered T cells are focused here. This class of cancer therapy has the potential to cure disease in subsets of patients, yet there remain challenges such as the need to improve response rates and safety while lowering costs to expand their use. To provide a focused overview, recent strategies in three areas of biomaterials research are highlighted: low-cost cell manufacturing to broaden patient access, noninvasive diagnostics for predictive monitoring of immune responses, and strategies for in vivo control that enhance anti-tumor immunity. These research efforts shed light on some of the challenges associated with T cell immunotherapy and how engineered biomaterials that interface with synthetic immunity are gaining traction to solve these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yi Su
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Quoc D Mac
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Anirudh Sivakumar
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Gabriel A Kwong
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Immunoengineering Consortium, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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25
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Ilangala AB, Lechanteur A, Fillet M, Piel G. Therapeutic peptides for chemotherapy: Trends and challenges for advanced delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:140-158. [PMID: 34311093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The past decades witnessed an increasing interest in peptides as clinical therapeutics. Rightfully considered as a potential alternative for small molecule therapy, these remarkable pharmaceuticals can be structurally fine-tuned to impact properties such as high target affinity, selectivity, low immunogenicity along with satisfactory tissue penetration. Although physicochemical and pharmacokinetic challenges have mitigated, to some extent, the clinical applications of therapeutic peptides, their potential impact on modern healthcare remains encouraging. According to recent reports, there are more than 400 peptides under clinical trials and 60 were already approved for clinical use. As the demand for efficient and safer therapy became high, especially for cancers, peptides have shown some exciting developments not only due to their potent antiproliferative action but also when used as adjuvant therapies, either to decrease side effects with tumor-targeted therapy or to enhance the activity of anticancer drugs via transbarrier delivery. The first part of the present review gives an insight into challenges related to peptide product development. Both molecular and formulation approaches intended to optimize peptide's pharmaceutical properties are covered, and some of their current issues are highlighted. The second part offers a comprehensive overview of the emerging applications of therapeutic peptides in chemotherapy from bioconjugates to nanovectorized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange B Ilangala
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, CIRM, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Nanomedicine Development, CIRM, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Anna Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Nanomedicine Development, CIRM, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, CIRM, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Nanomedicine Development, CIRM, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Kuroishi N, Nagata S, Akashi E, Ashizuka S, Kato J, Yamasaki M, Kitamura K. Development of a novel human adrenomedullin derivative: human serum albumin-conjugated adrenomedullin. J Biochem 2021; 170:445-451. [PMID: 33964134 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin is a biologically active peptide with multiple functions. Here, we have developed a novel human serum albumin-adrenomedullin (HSA-AM) conjugate, which was synthesized by the covalent attachment of a maleimide derivative of adrenomedullin to the 34th cysteine residue of human serum albumin via a linker. Denaturing gel electrophoresis and Western blotting for HSA-AM yielded a single band with adrenomedullin immunoreactivity at the position corresponding to a molecular weight (MW) of 73 kDa. Following gel-filtration chromatography, the purified HSA-AM showed a single main peak corresponding with a MW of 73 kDa, indicating that HSA-AM is a monomer. Both adrenomedullin and HSA-AM stimulated the intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP in HEK-293 cells stably expressing the adrenomedullin 1 receptor. The pEC50 values for adrenomedullin and HSA-AM were 8.660 and 7.208 (equivalent to 2.19 nM and 61.9 nM as EC50), respectively. The bioavailability of HSA-AM compared with that of adrenomedullin was much improved after subcutaneous administration in the rat, which was probably due to the superior resistance of HSA-AM toward endogenous proteases and its reduced clearance from the blood. HSA-AM may be a promising drug candidate for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Kuroishi
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagata
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Emiko Akashi
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Shinya Ashizuka
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Johji Kato
- Frontier Science Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Motoo Yamasaki
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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Böhmer VI, Szymanski W, Feringa BL, Elsinga PH. Multivalent Probes in Molecular Imaging: Reality or Future? Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:379-393. [PMID: 33436332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly developing field of molecular medical imaging focuses on specific visualization of (patho)physiological processes through the application of imaging agents (IAs) in multiple clinical modalities. Although our understanding of the principles underlying efficient IAs design has increased tremendously, many IAs still show poor in vivo imaging performance because of low binding affinity and/or specificity. These limitations can be addressed by taking advantage of multivalency, in which multiple copies of a ligand are employed to strengthen the interaction. We critically address specific challenges associated with the application of multivalent compounds in molecular imaging, and we give directions for a stepwise approach to the design of multivalent imaging probes to improve their target binding and pharmacokinetics (PK) for improved diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena I Böhmer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands; Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AF, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AF, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AF, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Discovery of novel cell-penetrating and tumor-targeting peptide-drug conjugate (PDC) for programmable delivery of paclitaxel and cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 213:113050. [PMID: 33280896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To ameliorate the deficiencies (e.g. solubility, membrane permeability and non-selective cytotoxicity) of paclitaxel (PTX), we synthesized a "smart" PDC (peptide-drug conjugate), by linking PTX with a multifunctional peptide consisting of a tumor targeting peptide (TTP) and a cell penetrating peptide (CPP), to construct the TTP-CPP-PTX conjugate, LTP-1. LTP-1 could intelligently deliver PTX into LHRH receptor-overexpressed MCF-7 cells, showing 2 times higher cellular uptake than PTX, and enhanced cytotoxicity with IC50 of 3.8 nM (vs 6.6 nM for PTX). LTP-1 exhibited less cytotoxicity to normal cells and the ability to overcome PTX-resistance. Furthermore, LTP-1 had higher in vivo antitumor efficacy than PTX (TGI of 83.4% and 65.7% for LTP-1 and PTX, respectively, at 12 mmol/kg) without apparent toxicities. In summary, we proposed and testified the concept of constructing a novel PDC molecule, which can potentially conquer the drawbacks of PTX. LTP-1 represents a new class of antitumor PDC deserving further investigation.
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Gill MR, Walker MG, Able S, Tietz O, Lakshminarayanan A, Anderson R, Chalk R, El-Sagheer AH, Brown T, Thomas JA, Vallis KA. An 111In-labelled bis-ruthenium(ii) dipyridophenazine theranostic complex: mismatch DNA binding and selective radiotoxicity towards MMR-deficient cancer cells. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8936-8944. [PMID: 33815738 PMCID: PMC7989384 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02825h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostic radionuclides that emit Auger electrons (AE) can generate highly localised DNA damage and the accompanying gamma ray emission can be used for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Mismatched DNA base pairs (mismatches) are DNA lesions that are abundant in cells deficient in MMR (mismatch mediated repair) proteins. This form of genetic instability is prevalent in the MMR-deficient subset of colorectal cancers and is a potential target for AE radiotherapeutics. Herein we report the synthesis of a mismatch DNA binding bis-ruthenium(ii) dipyridophenazine (dppz) complex that can be radiolabelled with the Auger electron emitting radionuclide indium-111 (111In). Greater stabilisation accompanied by enhanced MLCT (metal to ligand charge-transfer) luminescence of both the bis-Ru(dppz) chelator and non-radioactive indium-loaded complex was observed in the presence of a TT mismatch-containing duplex compared to matched DNA. The radioactive construct [111In]In-bisRu(dppz) ([111In][In-2]4+) targets cell nuclei and is radiotoxic towards MMR-deficient human colorectal cancer cells showing substantially less detrimental effects in a paired cell line with restored MMR function. Additional cell line studies revealed that [111In][In-2]4+ is preferentially radiotoxic towards MMR-deficient colorectal cancer cells accompanied by increased DNA damage due to 111In decay. The biodistribution of [111In][In-2]4+ in live mice was demonstrated using SPECT. These results illustrate how a Ru(ii) polypyridyl complex can incorporate mismatch DNA binding and radiometal chelation in a single molecule, generating a DNA-targeting AE radiopharmaceutical that displays selective radiotoxicity towards MMR-deficient cancer cells and is compatible with whole organism SPECT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Gill
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology , Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK .
- Department of Chemistry , Swansea University , Swansea , Wales , UK .
| | - Michael G Walker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Sarah Able
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology , Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK .
| | - Ole Tietz
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology , Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK .
| | - Abirami Lakshminarayanan
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology , Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK .
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK
| | - Rachel Anderson
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology , Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK .
| | - Rod Chalk
- Structural Genomics Consortium , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Afaf H El-Sagheer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK
- Chemistry Branch , Department of Science and Mathematics , Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering , Suez University , Suez 43721 , Egypt
| | - Tom Brown
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK
| | - Jim A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology , Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK .
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Poreba M. Protease-activated prodrugs: strategies, challenges, and future directions. FEBS J 2020; 287:1936-1969. [PMID: 31991521 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteases play critical roles in virtually all biological processes, including proliferation, cell death and survival, protein turnover, and migration. However, when dysregulated, these enzymes contribute to the progression of multiple diseases, with cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, and blood disorders being the most prominent examples. For a long time, disease-associated proteases have been used for the activation of various prodrugs due to their well-characterized catalytic activity and ability to selectively cleave only those substrates that strictly correspond with their active site architecture. To date, versatile peptide sequences that are cleaved by proteases in a site-specific manner have been utilized as bioactive linkers for the targeted delivery of multiple types of cargo, including fluorescent dyes, photosensitizers, cytotoxic drugs, antibiotics, and pro-antibodies. This platform is highly adaptive, as multiple protease-labile conjugates have already been developed, some of which are currently in clinical use for cancer treatment. In this review, recent advancements in the development of novel protease-cleavable linkers for selective drug delivery are described. Moreover, the current limitations regarding the selectivity of linkers are discussed, and the future perspectives that rely on the application of unnatural amino acids for the development of highly selective peptide linkers are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Poreba
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
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Zashikhina NN, Yudin DV, Tarasenko II, Osipova OM, Korzhikova-Vlakh EG. Multilayered Particles Based on Biopolyelectrolytes as Potential Peptide Delivery Systems. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x20010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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