1
|
Chuang JC, Clifford AJ, Kim SH, Novotny JA, Kelly PB, Holstege DM, Walzem RL. Separation of Lipoproteins for Quantitative Analysis of 14C-Labeled Lipid-Soluble Compounds by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1856. [PMID: 38339135 PMCID: PMC10855872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, 14C tracer studies using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) have not yet resolved lipid-soluble analytes into individual lipoprotein density subclasses. The objective of this work was to develop a reliable method for lipoprotein separation and quantitative recovery for biokinetic modeling purposes. The novel method developed provides the means for use of small volumes (10-200 µL) of frozen plasma as a starting material for continuous isopycnic lipoprotein separation within a carbon- and pH-stable analyte matrix, which, following post-separation fraction clean up, created samples suitable for highly accurate 14C/12C isotope ratio determinations by AMS. Manual aspiration achieved 99.2 ± 0.41% recovery of [5-14CH3]-(2R, 4'R, 8'R)-α-tocopherol contained within 25 µL plasma recovered in triacylglycerol rich lipoproteins (TRL = Chylomicrons + VLDL), LDL, HDL, and infranatant (INF) from each of 10 different sampling times for one male and one female subject, n = 20 total samples. Small sample volumes of previously frozen plasma and high analyte recoveries make this an attractive method for AMS studies using newer, smaller footprint AMS equipment to develop genuine tracer analyses of lipophilic nutrients or compounds in all human age ranges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea;
| | - Janet A. Novotny
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Peter B. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dirk M. Holstege
- UC Davis Analytical Lab, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rosemary L. Walzem
- Poultry Science Department, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Young GC, Spracklin DK, James AD, Hvenegaard MG, Scarfe G, Wagner DS, Georgi K, Schieferstein H, Bjornsdottir I, van Groen B, Romeo AA, Cassidy KC, Da-Violante G, Bister B, Blech S, Lyer R, Schulz SI, Cuyckens F, Moliner P. Considerations for Human ADME Strategy and Design Paradigm Shift(s) - An Industry White Paper. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:775-781. [PMID: 35733280 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The human absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (hADME) study is the cornerstone of the clinical pharmacology package for small molecule drugs, providing comprehensive information on the rates and routes of disposition and elimination of drug-related material in humans through the use of 14 C-labeled drug. Significant changes have already been made in the design of the hADME study for many companies, but opportunity exists to continue to re-think both the design and timing of the hADME study in light of the potential offered by newer technologies, that enable flexibility in particular to reducing the magnitude of the radioactive dose used. This paper provides considerations on the variety of current strategies that exist across a number of pharmaceutical companies and on some of the ongoing debates around a potential move to the so called "human first/human only" approach, already adopted by at least one company. The paper also provides a framework for continuing the discussion in the application of further shifts in the paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme C Young
- GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development Ltd., David Jack Centre, Ware, UK
| | | | | | | | - Graeme Scarfe
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Katrin Georgi
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andrea A Romeo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Bojan Bister
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Stefan Blech
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kendrick JS, Webber C. One small step in time, one giant leap for DMPK kind - A CRO perspective of the evolving core discipline of drug development. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:797-810. [PMID: 36097976 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2124389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
As the Space Race or Formula 1 drives innovation, efficiency and progress in home technology and home car markets, so Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) drives scientific innovation and value for drug development companies. Stand still and fall behind as the saying goes, and these analogies are true as much in the design and conduct of DMPK studies as they are in technology and manufacturing sectors.This short review showcases the impact that DMPK has had on drug development and how it has changed in the last 10 years, illustrating the value added scientific benefit, cost and time saving, that innovative DMPK program design and study conduct have. Examples and case studies spanning novel in vitro alternatives such as organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) developments; use of in vivo microsampling across small and large animal species; to how challenging historical paradigms in Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) studies; and embracing new technologies to address regulatory concerns, are presented.The continual pace of change has kept DMPK at the core of pharmaceutical, crop and chemical evaluation, and this is set to continue as regulators use this discipline to inform decision making. With new modalities and new scientific questions, DMPK will continue to evolve, with the likes of new in vitro, in vivo and in silico models becoming central to candidate selection and progression.
Collapse
|