1
|
Sinokki A, Miinalainen A, Kiander W, Kidron H. Preincubation-dependent inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 200:106852. [PMID: 39019347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Preincubation with inhibitor in organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) in vitro assays may increase the inhibition potency of inhibitors compared to conventional inhibition assays with only short inhibitor coincubation with substrate. The decrease in IC50 may affect prediction of drug-drug interactions (DDI) involving these transporters and inhibitors. Only few drugs, however, have been assessed for the preincubation-dependent inhibition of the OATP2B1 transporter. Therefore, we studied the effect of preincubation on OATP2B1 inhibition with five known OATP2B1 inhibitors (atorvastatin, erlotinib, ezetimibe, ticagrelor and simeprevir) in HEK293 cells transiently overexpressing OATP2B1. IC50 values were determined with and without inhibitor preincubation for 20 min with three different OATP2B1 substrates (dibromofluorescein, DBF; 5-carboxyfluorescein, 5-CF; estrone sulfate). Atorvastatin, ezetimibe, and simeprevir displayed more than 2-fold lower IC50 values after preincubation with at least one of the tested substrates. Altogether, 4 out of 15 inhibitor/substrate combinations exhibited more than 2-fold potentiation of IC50 after inhibitor preincubation. In addition, preincubation by itself, without inhibitor present with the substrate, resulted in more than 50% inhibition of OATP2B1-mediated uptake of DBF and/or 5-CF by atorvastatin, ticagrelor and simeprevir. Thus, erlotinib was the only inhibitor with no indication of potentiation of inhibition by preincubation with any of the tested substrates. In conclusion, preincubation resulted in inhibitor- and substrate-dependent inhibition of OATP2B1. These results support the conclusion that to reduce the risk of false negative DDI prediction, preincubation should be considered also in OATP2B1 inhibition assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alli Sinokki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Annika Miinalainen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Wilma Kiander
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Liu Y. Intestinal absorption mechanism and nutritional synergy promotion strategy of dietary flavonoids: transintestinal epithelial pathway mediated by intestinal transport proteins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39086266 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2387320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Dietary flavonoids exhibit a variety of physiological functions in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, improving cardiovascular function, and enhancing stress resistance. However, poor intestinal absorption limits their health benefits. Previous studies on improving the absorption efficiency of flavonoids have focused on targeted release, enhanced gastrointestinal stability and prolonged retention time in digestive tract. But less attention has been paid to promoting the uptake and transport of flavonoids by intestinal epithelial cells through modulation of transporter protein-mediated pathways. Interestingly, some dietary nutrients have been found to modulate the expression or function of transporter proteins, thereby synergistically or antagonistically affecting flavonoid absorption. Therefore, this paper proposed an innovative regulatory strategy known as the "intestinal transport protein-mediated pathway" to promote intestinal absorption of dietary flavonoids. The flavonoid absorption mechanism in the intestinal epithelium, mediated by intestinal transport proteins, was summarized. The functional differences between the uptake transporter and efflux transporters during flavonoid trans-intestinal cellular transport were discussed. Finally, from the perspective of nutritional synergy promotion of absorption, the feasibility of promoting flavonoid intestinal absorption by regulating the expression/function of transport proteins through dietary nutrients was emphasized. This review provides a new perspective and developing precise dietary nutrient combinations for efficient dietary flavonoid absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiong Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kataoka H, Akiyoshi T, Uchida Y, Imaoka A, Terasaki T, Ohtani H. The Effects of N-Glycosylation on the Expression and Transport Activity of OATP1A2 and OATP2B1. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1376-1384. [PMID: 38432624 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1A2 and OATP2B1 have potential N-glycosylation sites, but their influence remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the N-glycosylation sites of OATP1A2/2B1 and investigate their impact on the expression and function of OATP1A2/2B1. Human embryonic kidney cells expressing OATP1A2 or OATP2B1 (HEK293-OATP1A2/2B1) were exposed to tunicamycin, an N-glycosylation inhibitor, and a plasma membrane fraction (PMF) Western blot assay and an estrone 3-sulfate (E3S) uptake study were conducted. HEK293-OATP1A2/OATP2B1 cell lines with mutation(s) at potential N-glycosylation sites were established, and the Western blotting and uptake study were repeated. Tunicamycin reduced the PMF levels and E3S uptake of OATP1A2/OATP2B1. The Asn124Gln, Asn135Gln, and Asn492Gln mutations in OATP1A2 and Asn176Gln and Asn538Gln mutations in OATP2B1 reduced the molecular weights of the OATP molecules and their PMF levels. The PMF levels of OATP1A2 Asn124/135Gln, OATP1A2 Asn124/135/492Gln, and OATP2B1 Asn176/538Gln were further reduced. The maximum transport velocities of OATP1A2 Asn124Gln, OATP1A2 Asn135Gln, and OATP2B1 Asn176/538Gln were markedly reduced to 10 %, 4 %, and 10 % of the wild-type level, respectively. In conclusion, the N-glycans at Asn124 and Asn135 of OATP1A2 and those at Asn176 and Asn538 of OATP2B1 are essential for the plasma membrane expression of these molecules and also affect their transport function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kataoka
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akiyoshi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima city 734-0037, Japan
| | - Ayuko Imaoka
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hisakazu Ohtani
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schulz JA, Stresser DM, Kalvass JC. Plasma Protein-Mediated Uptake and Contradictions to the Free Drug Hypothesis: A Critical Review. Drug Metab Rev 2023:1-34. [PMID: 36971325 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2195133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
According to the free drug hypothesis (FDH), only free, unbound drug is available to interact with biological targets. This hypothesis is the fundamental principle that continues to explain the vast majority of all pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. Under the FDH, the free drug concentration at the target site is considered the driver of pharmacodynamic activity and pharmacokinetic processes. However, deviations from the FDH are observed in hepatic uptake and clearance predictions, where observed unbound intrinsic hepatic clearance (CLint,u) is larger than expected. Such deviations are commonly observed when plasma proteins are present and form the basis of the so-called plasma protein-mediated uptake effect (PMUE). This review will discuss the basis of plasma protein binding as it pertains to hepatic clearance based on the FDH, as well as several hypotheses that may explain the underlying mechanisms of PMUE. Notably, some, but not all, potential mechanisms remained aligned with the FDH. Finally, we will outline possible experimental strategies to elucidate PMUE mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms of PMUE and its potential contribution to clearance underprediction is vital to improving the drug development process.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hau RK, Tash JS, Georg GI, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. Physiological Characterization of the Transporter-Mediated Uptake of the Reversible Male Contraceptive H2-Gamendazole Across the Blood-Testis Barrier. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:299-312. [PMID: 35779861 PMCID: PMC9426764 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is formed by a tight network of Sertoli cells (SCs) to limit the movement of reproductive toxicants from the blood into the male genital tract. Transporters expressed at the basal membranes of SCs also influence the disposition of drugs across the BTB. The reversible, nonhormonal contraceptive, H2-gamendazole (H2-GMZ), is an indazole carboxylic acid analog that accumulates over 10 times more in the testes compared with other organs. However, the mechanism(s) by which H2-GMZ circumvents the BTB are unknown. This study describes the physiologic characteristics of the carrier-mediated process(es) that permit H2-GMZ and other analogs to penetrate SCs. Uptake studies were performed using an immortalized human SC line (hT-SerC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Uptake of H2-GMZ and four analogs followed Michaelis-Menten transport kinetics (one analog exhibited poor penetration). H2-GMZ uptake was strongly inhibited by indomethacin, diclofenac, MK-571, and several analogs. Moreover, H2-GMZ uptake was stimulated by an acidic extracellular pH, reduced at basic pHs, and independent of extracellular Na+, K+, or Cl- levels, which are intrinsic characteristics of OATP-mediated transport. Therefore, the characteristics of H2-GMZ transport suggest that one or more OATPs may be involved. However, endogenous transporter expression in wild-type Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), and human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells limited the utility of heterologous transporter expression to identify a specific OATP transporter. Altogether, characterization of the transporters involved in the flux of H2-GMZ provides insight into the selectivity of drug disposition across the human BTB to understand and overcome the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic difficulties presented by this barrier. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Despite major advancements in female contraceptives, male alternatives, including vasectomy, condom usage, and physical withdrawal, are antiquated and the widespread availability of nonhormonal, reversible chemical contraceptives is nonexistent. Indazole carboxylic acid analogs such as H2-GMZ are promising new reversible, antispermatogenic drugs that are highly effective in rodents. This study characterizes the carrier-mediated processes that permit H2-GMZ and other drugs to enter Sertoli cells and the observations made here will guide the development of drugs that effectively circumvent the BTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond K Hau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.K.H., N.J.C.), and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, KU School of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (J.S.T.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (G.I.G.)
| | - Joseph S Tash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.K.H., N.J.C.), and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, KU School of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (J.S.T.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (G.I.G.)
| | - Gunda I Georg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.K.H., N.J.C.), and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, KU School of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (J.S.T.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (G.I.G.)
| | - Stephen H Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.K.H., N.J.C.), and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, KU School of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (J.S.T.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (G.I.G.)
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.K.H., N.J.C.), and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (S.H.W.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, KU School of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (J.S.T.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (G.I.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han H, Akiyoshi T, Morita T, Kataoka H, Katayama K, Yajima K, Imaoka A, Ohtani H. Comparison of the transport kinetics of fexofenadine and its pH dependency among OATP1A2 genetic variants. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:100470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
7
|
Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Sangha V, Shen H, Feng B, Wittwer MB, Varma MVS, Liang X, Sugiyama Y, Zhang L, Bendayan R. Transporters in drug development: International transporter consortium update on emerging transporters of clinical importance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:485-500. [PMID: 35561119 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During its 4th transporter workshop in 2021, the International Transporter Consortium (ITC) provided updates on emerging clinically relevant transporters for drug development. Previously highlighted and new transporters were considered based on up-to-date clinical evidence of their importance in drug-drug interactions and potential for altered drug efficacy and safety, including drug-nutrient interactions leading to nutrient deficiencies. For the first time, folate transport pathways (PCFT, RFC, and FRα) were examined in-depth as a potential mechanism of drug-induced folate deficiency and related toxicities (e.g., neural tube defects, megaloblastic anemia). However, routine toxicology studies conducted in support of drug development appear sufficient to flag such folate deficiency toxicities, while prospective prediction from in vitro folate metabolism and transport inhibition is not well enough established to inform drug development. Previous suggestion of retrospective study of intestinal OATP2B1 inhibition to explain unexpected decreases in drug exposure were updated. Furthermore, when the absorption of a new molecular entity is more rapid and extensive than can be explained by passive permeability, evaluation of OATP2B1 transport may be considered. Emerging research on hepatic and renal OAT2 is summarized, but current understanding of the importance of OAT2 was deemed insufficient to justify specific consideration for drug development. Hepatic, renal, and intestinal MRPs (MRP2, MRP3, MRP4) were revisited. MRPs may be considered when they are suspected to be the major determinant of drug disposition (e.g., direct glucuronide conjugates); MRP2 inhibition as a mechanistic explanation for drug-induced hyperbilirubinemia remains justified. There were no major changes in recommendations from previous ITC whitepapers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vishal Sangha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Hong Shen
- Drug Metabolism and PK, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Bo Feng
- Drug Metabolism and PK, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Matthias B Wittwer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manthena V S Varma
- PK, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Worldwide R&D, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Xiaomin Liang
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Inc, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Quantitative System PK/Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy, Josai International University, Kioicho Campus, Tokyo, 102-0093, Japan
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Reina Bendayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morita T, Akiyoshi T, Tsuchitani T, Kataoka H, Araki N, Yajima K, Katayama K, Imaoka A, Ohtani H. Inhibitory Effects of Cranberry Juice and Its Components on Intestinal OATP1A2 and OATP2B1: Identification of Avicularin as a Novel Inhibitor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3310-3320. [PMID: 35230114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1A2 and OATP2B1 mediate the intestinal absorption of drugs. This study aimed to identify fruit juices or fruit juice components that inhibit OATPs and assess the risk of associated food-drug interactions. Inhibitory potency was assessed by examining the uptake of [3H]estrone 3-sulfate and [3H]fexofenadine into HEK293 cells expressing OATP1A2 or OATP2B1. In vivo experiments were conducted using mice to evaluate the effects of cranberry juice on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered fexofenadine. Of eight examined fruit juices, cranberry juice inhibited the functions of both OATPs most potently. Avicularin, a component of cranberry juice, was identified as a novel OATP inhibitor. It exhibited IC50 values of 9.0 and 37 μM for the inhibition of estrone 3-sulfate uptake mediated by OATP1A2 and OATP2B1, respectively. A pharmacokinetic experiment revealed that fexofenadine exposure was significantly reduced (by 50%) by cranberry juice. Cranberry juice may cause drug interactions with OATP substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Morita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akiyoshi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tsuchitani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kataoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Naoya Araki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kodai Yajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Ayuko Imaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ohtani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| |
Collapse
|