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Seck I, Ciss I, Diédhiou A, Baldé M, Ka S, Ba LA, Ndoye SF, Figadère B, Seon-Meniel B, Gomez G, Cojean S, Pomel S, Loiseau PM, Fall Y, Seck M. 1,2,3-triazenes and 1,2,3-triazoles as antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, and antiplasmodial agents. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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2
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Al-Otaibi JS, Mary YS, Mary YS, Ullah Z, Yadav R, Gupta N, Churchill DG. Adsorption properties of dacarbazine with graphene/fullerene/metal nanocages - Reactivity, spectroscopic and SERS analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120677. [PMID: 34872861 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery devices are an effective way to minimize anticancer drug toxicity and nanostructures are used in the targeted drug delivery. In the present work, adsorption and interaction behavior of 4-(dimethylaminodiazenyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide (DAIC) with nano complexes (graphene, fullerene and fullerene like metal cages) are reported theoretically. From the reactivity studies, the electrophilicity index of DAIC-nanoclusters are increasing and this gives the bioactivity of the nanocluster systems. Adsorption energy is highest in the case of AlP and lowest in the case of BP clusters. Mulliken charge distribution of all systems is an evidence for chemical enhancement. DAIC adsorption over nanocages causes changes in electronic properties resulting in chemical enhancement and variation in Raman spectra which suggests that nanocages could be a good candidate for DAIC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamelah S Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Zakir Ullah
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Songdo-dong, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Rohitash Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Centre for Converging Technologies, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - David G Churchill
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST) (Therapeutic Bioengineering Section), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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3
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Figueirêdo PDMS, Sampaio Filho JC, Sodré ADJS, de Castro Júnior JR, Gonçalves IS, Blasques RV, S Correa R, Lima BAV, Dos Anjos Marques L, Coutinho DF, de Azevedo Dos Santos APS, Luz TRSA, de Miranda RDCM, Dos Santos JRA, Doriguetto AC, Pividori MI, Hörner M, Villis PCM. Assessment of the biological potential of diaryltriazene-derived triazene compounds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2541. [PMID: 33510223 PMCID: PMC7844262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, novel, 1,3-diaryltriazene-derived triazene compounds were synthesized and tested. Triazenes are versatile and belong to a group of alkylating agents with interesting physicochemical properties and proven biological activities. This study describes the synthesis, molecular and crystalline structure, biological activity evaluation, and antifungal and antimicrobial potentials of 1,3-bis(X-methoxy-Y-nitrophenyl)triazenes [X = 2 and 5; Y = 4 and 5]. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the compounds were tested by evaluating the sensitivity of bacteria (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC) and clinical isolates to their solutions using standardized microbiological assays, cytotoxicity evaluation, and ecotoxicity tests. The antimicrobial potentials of triazenes were determined according to their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs); these compounds were active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with low MIC values. The most surprising result was obtained for T3 having the effective MIC of 9.937 µg/mL and antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 90028, C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, and C. tropicallis IC. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report promising activities of triazene compounds against yeast and filamentous fungi. The results showed the potential utility of triazenes as agents affecting selected resistant bacterial and fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Costa Sampaio Filho
- Electrochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory (EBL), University of CEUMA (UNICEUMA), São Luís, MA, 65.065-470, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ingrid Santos Gonçalves
- Electrochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory (EBL), University of CEUMA (UNICEUMA), São Luís, MA, 65.065-470, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Vieira Blasques
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics, and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13.600-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Correa
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Dos Anjos Marques
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, 65.080-040, Brazil
| | - Denise Fernandes Coutinho
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, 65.080-040, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - María Isabel Pividori
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manfredo Hörner
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, 97.110-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Mendes Villis
- Electrochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory (EBL), University of CEUMA (UNICEUMA), São Luís, MA, 65.065-470, Brazil.
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Rencüzoğulları E, Aydın M. Genotoxic and mutagenic studies of teratogens in developing rat and mouse. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:409-429. [PMID: 29745766 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1465950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of teratogenic chemical agents in both rat and mouse have been reviewed. Of these chemicals, 97 are drugs and 33 are pesticides or belong to other groups. Large literature searches were conducted to determine the effects of chemicals on chromosome abnormalities, sister chromatid exchanges, and micronucleus formation in experimental animals such as rats and mice. In addition, studies that include unscheduled DNA synthesis, DNA adduct formations, and gene mutations, which help to determine the genotoxicity or mutagenicity of chemicals, have been reviewed. It has been estimated that 46.87% of teratogenic drugs and 48.48% of teratogenic pesticides are positive in all tests. So, all of the teratogens involved in this group have genotoxic and mutagenic effects. On the other hand, 36.45% of the drugs and 21.21% of the pesticides have been found to give negative results in at least one test, with the majority of the tests giving positive results. However, only 4.16% of the drugs and 18.18% of the pesticides were determined to give negative results in the majority of the tests. Among tests with major negative results, 12.50% of the teratogenic drugs and 12.12% of the teratogenic pesticides were negative in all conducted tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyyüp Rencüzoğulları
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters , Adiyaman University , Adiyaman , Turkey
| | - Muhsin Aydın
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters , Adiyaman University , Adiyaman , Turkey
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Zhou H, Neelakantan D, Ford HL. Clonal cooperativity in heterogenous cancers. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 64:79-89. [PMID: 27582427 PMCID: PMC5330947 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a major obstacle to the development of effective therapies and is thus an important focus of cancer research. Genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as altered tumor microenvironments, result in tumors made up of diverse subclones with different genetic and phenotypic characteristics. Intratumor heterogeneity enables competition, but also supports clonal cooperation via cell-cell contact or secretion of factors, resulting in enhanced tumor progression. Here, we summarize recent findings related to interclonal interactions within a tumor and the therapeutic implications of such interactions, with an emphasis on how different subclones collaborate with each other to promote proliferation, metastasis and therapy-resistance. Furthermore, we propose that disruption of clonal cooperation by targeting key factors (such as Wnt and Hedgehog, amongst others) can be an alternative approach to improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengbo Zhou
- Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Deepika Neelakantan
- Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Heide L Ford
- Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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6
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Santos AJRWA, dos Santos Hackbart HC, Giacomini GX, Bersch P, Paraginski GL, Hörner M. Inorganic and organic structures as interleavers among [ bis (1-methyl-3-( p -carboxylatephenyl)triazenide 1-oxide)Ni(II)] complexes to form supramolecular arrangements. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Ghalebsaz-Jeddi N, Vessally E. Vibrational studies, NMR analysis, modeling of electronic and thermodynamical parameters of 1,3-bis(4-benzamido)triazene. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024416070104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Shankar R, Radhika R, Thangamani D, Senthil Kumar L, Kolandaivel P. Theoretical studies on interaction of anticancer drugs (dacarbazine, procarbazine and triethylenemelamine) with normal (AT and GC) and mismatch (GG, CC, AA and TT) base pairs. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2014.913098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Triazene 1-oxide compounds: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation as fluorescence sensor for biological applications. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Spontaneous production of immunoglobulin M in human epithelial cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51423. [PMID: 23251529 PMCID: PMC3520907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that B-1 B cells are the main cell type that is responsible for the production of natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) and can respond to infection by increasing IgM secretion. However, we unexpectedly found that some epithelial cells also can express rearranged IgM transcript that has natural IgM characteristics, such as germline-encoded and restricted rearrangement patterns. Here we studied IgM expression in human non-B cells and found that IgM was frequently expressed by many human epithelial cancer cells as well as non-cancer epithelial cells. Moreover, CD79A and CD79B, two molecules that are physically linked to membranous IgM on the surface of B cells to form the B cell antigen receptor complex, were also expressed on the cell surface of epithelial cancer cells and co-located with IgM. Like the natural IgM, the epithelial cancer cell-derived IgM recognized a series of microbial antigens, such as single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA, lipopolysaccharide, and the HEp-2 cell antigen. More important, stimulation of the toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which mimics bacterial infection, substantially increased the secretion of IgM in human epithelial cancer cells. These findings indicate that human epithelial cancer cells as well as non-cancer epithelial cells can spontaneously produce IgM with natural antibody activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Sekiguchi
- Fukuoka Dental College, Frontier Research Center, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
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12
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Back DF, Hörner M, Broch F, Manzoni de Oliveira G. Three-dimensional triazenido layers attained through classical and non-classical hydrogen interactions and its coordination to palladium under prolific occurrence of bifurcated hydrogen bonding. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Lewis BC, Mackenzie PI, Miners JO. Application of homology modeling to generate CYP1A1 mutants with enhanced activation of the cancer chemotherapeutic prodrug dacarbazine. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 80:879-88. [PMID: 21816953 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.072124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic prodrug dacarbazine (DTIC) has limited efficacy in human malignancies and exhibits numerous adverse effects that arise from systemic exposure to the cytotoxic metabolite. DTIC is activated by CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 catalyzed N-demethylation. However, structural features of these enzymes that confer DTIC N-demethylation have not been characterized. A validated homology model of CYP1A1 was employed to elucidate structure-activity relationships and to engineer CYP1A1 enzymes with altered DTIC activation. In silico docking demonstrated that DTIC orientates proximally to Ser122, Phe123, Asp313, Ala317, Ile386, Tyr259, and Leu496 of human CYP1A1. The site of metabolism is positioned 5.6 Å from the heme iron at an angle of 105.3°. Binding in the active site is stabilized by H-bonding between Tyr259 and the N(2) position of the imidazole ring. Twenty-seven CYP1A1 mutants were generated and expressed in Escherichia coli in yields ranging from 9 to 225 pmol P450/mg. DTIC N-demethylation by the E161K, E256K, and I458V mutants exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with decreases in K(m) (183-249 μM) that doubled the catalytic efficiency (p < 0.05) relative to wild-type CYP1A1 (K(m), 408 ± 43 μM; V(max), 28 ± 4 pmol · min(-1) · pmol of P450(-1)). The generation of enzymes with catalytically enhanced DTIC activation highlights the potential use of mutant CYP1A1 proteins in P450-based gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Lewis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University School of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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Khan F, Sherwani AF, Afzal M. Analysis of genotoxic damage induced by dacarbazine: an in vitro study. TOXIN REV 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2010.516463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Palermo B, Del Bello D, Sottini A, Serana F, Ghidini C, Gualtieri N, Ferraresi V, Catricalà C, Belardelli F, Proietti E, Natali PG, Imberti L, Nisticò P. Dacarbazine Treatment before Peptide Vaccination Enlarges T-Cell Repertoire Diversity of Melan-A–Specific, Tumor-Reactive CTL in Melanoma Patients. Cancer Res 2010; 70:7084-92. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Bai H, Madabushi A, Guan X, Lu AL. Interaction between human mismatch repair recognition proteins and checkpoint sensor Rad9-Rad1-Hus1. DNA Repair (Amst) 2010; 9:478-87. [PMID: 20188637 PMCID: PMC2860068 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle checkpoint proteins Rad9, Rad1, and Hus1 form the 9-1-1 complex which is structurally similar to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) sliding clamp. hMSH2/hMSH6 (hMutS alpha) and hMSH2/hMSH3 (hMutS beta) are the mismatch recognition factors of the mismatch repair pathway. hMutS alpha has been shown to physically and functionally interact with PCNA. Moreover, DNA methylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) treatment induces the G2/M cell cycle arrest that is dependent on the presence of hMutS alpha and hMutL alpha. In this study, we show that each subunit of the human 9-1-1 complex physically interacts with hMSH2, hMSH3, and hMSH6. The 9-1-1 complex from both humans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe can stimulate hMutS alpha binding with G/T-containing DNA. Rad9, Rad1, and Hus1 individual subunits can also stimulate the DNA binding activity of hMutS alpha. Human Rad9 and hMSH6 colocalize to nuclear foci of HeLa cells after exposure to MNNG. However, Rad9 does not form foci in MSH6 defective cells following MNNG treatment. In Rad9 knockdown untreated cells, the majority of the MSH6 is in cytoplasm. Following MNNG treatment, Rad9 knockdown cells has abnormal nuclear morphology and MSH6 is distributed around nuclear envelop. Our findings suggest that the 9-1-1 complex is a component of the mismatch repair involved in MNNG-induced damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Amrita Madabushi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - A-Lien Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Ristić-Fira AM, Petrović IM, Korićanac LB, Valastro LM, Privitera G, Cuttone G. Assessment of the inhibitory effects of different radiation qualities or chemotherapeutic agents on a human melanoma cell line. Phys Med 2008; 24:187-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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18
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Takagi Y, Hidaka M, Sanada M, Yoshida H, Sekiguchi M. Different initial steps of apoptosis induced by two types of antineoplastic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:303-11. [PMID: 18573489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
O6-Methylguanine and O6-chloroethylguanine are primary DNA lesions produced by two types of antineoplastic drugs, 8-carbamoyl-3-methylimidazo[5,1-d]-1,2,3,5-tetrazin-4(3H)-one (temozolomide, TMZ) and 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU), respectively. They can be repaired by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, coded by the Mgmt gene. Otherwise, these two types of lesions induce apoptosis in different ways. O6-Chloroethylguanine blocks DNA replication thereby inducing apoptosis. On the other hand, O6-methylguanine does not block DNA replication and the resulting O6-methylguanine-thymine mispair is recognized by mismatch repair-related proteins, including MLH1, thereby inducing apoptosis. Reflecting this, mouse cells lacking both MGMT and MLH1 are resistant to TMZ, but not to ACNU. The translocation of phosphatidylserine in cell membrane as well as a change of mitochondrial transmembrane potentials occurred in an MLH1-dependent manner after treatment with TMZ, but no such MLH1 dependency was observed in the case of ACNU treatment. By using cell lines defective in both APAF-1 and MGMT, it was revealed that the APAF-1 function is required for execution of apoptosis induced by either TMZ or ACNU. There is almost 12h delay in occurrence of apoptosis-related mitochondrial depolarization in TMZ-treated cells in comparison to those of ACNU-treated cells, reflecting the fact that at least one cycle of DNA replication is required to trigger apoptosis in the former case, but not in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Takagi
- Frontier Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan.
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Korićanac L, Petrović I, Privitera G, Cuttone G, Ristić-Fira A. HTB140 melanoma cells under proton irradiation and/or alkylating agents. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024407090233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Milsom MD, Williams DA. Live and let die: in vivo selection of gene-modified hematopoietic stem cells via MGMT-mediated chemoprotection. DNA Repair (Amst) 2007; 6:1210-21. [PMID: 17482893 PMCID: PMC2064866 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) provides a potential means of correcting monogenic defects and altering drug sensitivity of normal bone marrow to cytotoxic agents. These applications have significant therapeutic potential but the translation of successful murine studies into human therapies has been hindered by low gene transfer in large animals (including humans), and recent serious side effects in a human immunodeficiency trial related to insertional mutagenesis. The latter trial, along with other subsequent trials, while bringing into focus the potential risks of integrating vector systems, also clearly demonstrate the potential usefulness of in vivo selection as it relates to inefficient stem cell transduction. Developing from initial studies by our group and other investigators in which drug resistance was utilized to demonstrate the feasibility of using gene transfer to effect protection from myelotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, expression of mutant forms of O(6)-methyguanine-DNA-methytransferase (MGMT) coupled with the simultaneous use of pharmacologic inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents has been shown to provide a powerful method to select HSC in vivo. While stem and progenitor cell protection and resulting selection in vivo has potential applications for the treatment of selected cancers (allowing dose escalation) and for correction of monogenic disease (allowing an iatrogenic survival advantage of transduced cells in vivo), such an in vivo selection may have untoward effects on stem cell behavior. These deleterious effects may include stem cell exhaustion; lineage skewing; accumulation of genotoxic lesions; and clonal dominance driven towards a pro-leukemic phenotype. Knowledge of the likelihood of such deleterious events occurring as well as their potential implications will be critical to future clinical applications and may also enhance our understanding of both normal stem cell behavior and the evolution of hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Milsom
- Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Crinière E, Kaloshi G, Laigle-Donadey F, Lejeune J, Auger N, Benouaich-Amiel A, Everhard S, Mokhtari K, Polivka M, Delattre JY, Hoang-Xuan K, Thillet J, Sanson M. MGMT prognostic impact on glioblastoma is dependent on therapeutic modalities. J Neurooncol 2007; 83:173-9. [PMID: 17219056 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-006-9320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MGMT promoter methylation, which has been correlated with the response to alkylating agents, was investigated in a retrospective series of 219 glioblastomas (GBMs) treated with various modalities. MGMT methylation had no impact on survival for the whole group, but showed a significant advantage (17.1 months vs. 13.1) for patients treated with RT+ adjuvant chemotherapy (relative risk of death (RR) = 0.53; P = 0.041), particularly when patients received CT during the course of RT (MS = 19.9 months vs. 12.5 months; RR = 0.227, P = 0.001). This suggests that the prognostic impact of MGMT methylation is dependent on therapeutic modalities and schedules. MGMT methylation was not correlated with the main molecular alterations, such as 10q loss and p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Crinière
- INSERM, U711, Biologie des Interactions Neurones & Glie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
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22
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Petrović IM, Korićanac LB, Todorović DV, Ristić-Fira AM, Valastro LM, Privitera G, Cuttone G. Viability of a Human Melanoma Cell after Single and Combined Treatment with Fotemustine, Dacarbazine, and Proton Irradiation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1095:154-64. [PMID: 17404028 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1397.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Viability of human HTB140 melanoma cells after being exposed to fotemustine (FM) and dacarbazine (DTIC) as well as to proton irradiation was studied. Effects of 100 and 250 microM drugs were assessed after incubation of 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Irradiations were performed with 62 MeV therapeutic protons, delivering to the cell monolayer single doses of 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 Gy. Viability was evaluated 7 days after irradiation. Inactivation level was estimated using microtetrasolium (MTT) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. Combined effects of each drug and protons, were carried out using the same drug concentrations. Proton doses applied were those used in therapy, that is, 12 and 16 Gy. With the increase of drug concentration or irradiation dose, level of cell inactivation reached approximately 60%, 48 h after drug treatment or 7 days after irradiation at 16 Gy. Considering the rate of drug concentrations used, as well as the level of doses applied, it appears that HTB140 cells are more resistant to proton irradiation than to alkylating agents tested. The combined treatment with FM or DTIC and protons did not show significant changes of cell viability as compared to the effects of single agents. Since the time point for measuring cumulative effects of drug and irradiation was 48 h post irradiation, it seems that the obtained level of viability could be attributed primarily to the effects of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M Petrović
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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Sekiguchi M. Molecular devices for high fidelity of DNA replication and gene expression. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2006; 82:278-296. [PMID: 25792791 PMCID: PMC4338819 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.82.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Certain types of DNA lesions, produced through cellular metabolic processes and also by external environmental stresses, are responsible for the induction of mutations as well as of cancer. Most of these lesions can be eliminated by DNA repair enzymes, and cells carrying the remaining DNA lesions are subjected to apoptosis. The persistence of damaged bases in RNA can cause errors in gene expression, and the cells appear to possess a mechanism which can prevent damaged RNA molecules from entering the translation process. We have investigated these processes for high fidelity of DNA replication and gene expression, by using both biochemical and genetic means. We herein describe (1) the molecular mechanisms for accurate DNA synthesis, (2) mammalian proteins for sanitizing the DNA precursor pool, (3) error avoidance mechanisms for gene expression under oxidative stress, and (4) the roles of DNA repair and apoptosis in the prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Sekiguchi
- Fukuoka Dental College, 2–15–1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814–0193, Japan (e-mail: )
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Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A. Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5:821-34. [PMID: 17016423 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
What is a drug target? And how many such targets are there? Here, we consider the nature of drug targets, and by classifying known drug substances on the basis of the discussed principles we provide an estimation of the total number of current drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Imming
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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Sekiguchi M. A quest to understand molecular mechanisms for genetic stability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2006; 5:750-8. [PMID: 16621730 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the midst of the post-war turmoil in Japan, I fortunately followed a path to become a scientist. Sometime at an early stage of my career, I encountered the problem of the cellular response to DNA damage and had the chance to discover a DNA repair enzyme. This event greatly influenced the subsequent course of my research, and I extended my studies toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis as well as of carcinogenesis. Through these studies I came to understand the importance of mechanisms for dealing with the actions of reactive oxygen species to the living systems. These recollections deal with these endeavors with emphasis on the early part of my scientific career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Sekiguchi
- Frontier Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0006, Japan.
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Abstract
Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer is currently offered to patients based on the stage of their cancer, and there is evidence to show an overall survival benefit with 5-fluorouracil-based (5-FU) therapy for patients with lymph node metastasis who receive it. The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer involves genomic instability, with about 15% of tumors demonstrating a form of genomic instability called high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and due to loss of DNA mismatch repair function, and the remainder of colorectal tumors lacking MSI-H with retained DNA mismatch repair function and called microsatellite stable (MSS), with a large proportion of these tumors demonstrating another form of genomic instability called chromosomal instability. There is now evidence to show that the form of genomic instability that is present in a patient's colorectal cancer may predict a survival benefit from 5-FU. In particular, patients whose colorectal tumors have MSI-H do not gain a survival benefit with 5-FU as compared to patients with MSS tumors. In vitro evidence supports these findings, as MSI-H colon cancer cell lines are more resistant to 5-FU compared to MSS cell lines. More specifically, components of the DNA mismatch repair system have been shown to recognize and bind to 5-FU that becomes incorporated into DNA and which could be a trigger to induce cell death. The binding and subsequent cell death events would be absent in colorectal tumors with MSI-H, which have lost intact DNA mismatch repair function. These findings suggest that: (a) tumor cytotoxicity of 5-FU is mediated by DNA mechanisms in addition to well-known RNA mechanisms, and (b) patients whose tumors demonstrate MSI-H may not benefit from 5-FU therapy. Future studies should include a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms of the DNA recognition of 5-FU, multi-centered prospective trials investigating the survival benefit of 5-FU based on genomic instability, and the investigation of alternative chemotherapeutic regimens for patients with MSI-H tumors to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seok Jo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John M. Carethers
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Rebecca and John Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Abstract
Therapy-related cancers, defined as second primary cancers that arise as a consequence of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, are unusual in that they have a well-defined aetiology. Knowledge of the specific nature of the initiating exposure and exactly when it occurred has made it easier to identify crucial genetic events and to model these in vitro and in vivo. As such, the study of therapy-related cancers has led to the elucidation of discrete mechanisms of carcinogenesis, including DNA double-strand-break-induced gene translocation and genomic instability conferred by loss of DNA repair. Unsurprisingly, some of these mechanisms seem to operate in the development of sporadic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Allan
- Epidemiology and Genetics Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5YW, UK.
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Hidaka M, Takagi Y, Takano TY, Sekiguchi M. PCNA-MutSalpha-mediated binding of MutLalpha to replicative DNA with mismatched bases to induce apoptosis in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:5703-12. [PMID: 16204460 PMCID: PMC1243802 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified bases, such as O6-methylguanines, are produced in cells exposed to alkylating agents and cause apoptosis. In human cells treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, we detected a protein complex composed of MutSα, MutLα and PCNA on damaged DNA by immunoprecipitation method using chromatin extracts, in which protein–protein interactions were stabilized by chemical crosslinking. Time course experiments revealed that MutSα, consisting of MSH2 and MSH6 proteins, and PCNA bind to DNA to form an initial complex, and MutLα, composed of MLH1 and PMS2, binds to the complex when the DNA is damaged. This sequential mode of binding was further confirmed by the findings that the association of PCNA–MutSα complex on chromatin was observed even in the cells that lack MLH1, whereas in the absence of MSH2 no association of MutLα with the chromatin was achieved. Moreover, reduction in the PCNA content by small-interfering RNA or inhibition of DNA replication by aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase, significantly reduced the levels of the PCNA–MutSα–MutLα complex and also suppressed an increase in the caspase-3 activity, a hallmark for the induction of apoptosis. These observations imply that the induction of apoptosis is coupled with the progression of DNA replication through the action of PCNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Hidaka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.
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