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Gorniewska AM, Kluzek K, Gackowska L, Kubiszewska I, Zdzienicka MZ, Bialkowska A. Distinct cellular phenotype linked to defective DNA interstrand crosslink repair and homologous recombination. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627616 PMCID: PMC5561886 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) predominantly involves the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway and homologous recombination (HR). The HR repair system eliminates DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) that emerge during ICLs removal. The current study presents a novel cell line, CL-V8B, representing a new complementation group of Chinese hamster cell mutants hypersensitive to DNA crosslinking factors. CL-V8B exhibits increased sensitivity to various DNA-damaging agents, including compounds leading to DSBs formation (bleomycin and 6-thioguanine), and is extremely sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (>400-fold), which is typical for HR-defective cells. In addition, this cell line exhibits a reduced number of spontaneous and induced sister chromatid exchanges, which suggests likely impairment of HR in CL-V8B cells. However, in contrast to other known HR mutants, CL-V8B cells do not show defects in Rad51 foci induction, but only slight alterations in the focus formation kinetics. CL-V8B is additionally characterized by a considerable chromosomal instability, as indicated by a high number of spontaneous and MMC-induced chromosomal aberrations, and a twice as large proportion of cells with abnormal centrosomes than that in the wild type cell line. The molecular defect present in CL-V8B does not affect the efficiency and stabilization of replication forks. However, stalling of the forks in response to replication stress is observed relatively rarely, which suggests an impairment of a signaling mechanism. Exposure of CL-V8B to crosslinking agents results in S-phase arrest (as in the wild type cells), but also in larger proportion of G2/M-phase cells and apoptotic cells. CL-V8B exhibits similarities to HR- and/or FA-defective Chinese hamster mutants sensitive to DNA crosslinking agents. However, the unique phenotype of this new mutant implies that it carries a defect of a yet unidentified gene involved in the repair of ICLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Gorniewska
- Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85‑094, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kluzek
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan 61‑614, Poland
| | - Lidia Gackowska
- Department of Immunology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85‑094, Poland
| | - Izabela Kubiszewska
- Department of Immunology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85‑094, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Z Zdzienicka
- Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85‑094, Poland
| | - Aneta Bialkowska
- Innovative Medical Forum, Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz 85‑796, Poland
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Rein K, Yanez DA, Terré B, Palenzuela L, Aivio S, Wei K, Edelmann W, Stark JM, Stracker TH. EXO1 is critical for embryogenesis and the DNA damage response in mice with a hypomorphic Nbs1 allele. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:7371-87. [PMID: 26160886 PMCID: PMC4551929 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of genome stability is critical for the suppression of diverse human pathologies that include developmental disorders, premature aging, infertility and predisposition to cancer. The DNA damage response (DDR) orchestrates the appropriate cellular responses following the detection of lesions to prevent genomic instability. The MRE11 complex is a sensor of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and plays key roles in multiple aspects of the DDR, including DNA end resection that is critical for signaling and DNA repair. The MRE11 complex has been shown to function both upstream and in concert with the 5′-3′ exonuclease EXO1 in DNA resection, but it remains unclear to what extent EXO1 influences DSB responses independently of the MRE11 complex. Here we examine the genetic relationship of the MRE11 complex and EXO1 during mammalian development and in response to DNA damage. Deletion of Exo1 in mice expressing a hypomorphic allele of Nbs1 leads to severe developmental impairment, embryonic death and chromosomal instability. While EXO1 plays a minimal role in normal cells, its loss strongly influences DNA replication, DNA repair, checkpoint signaling and damage sensitivity in NBS1 hypomorphic cells. Collectively, our results establish a key role for EXO1 in modulating the severity of hypomorphic MRE11 complex mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rein
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Diana A Yanez
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Berta Terré
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Lluís Palenzuela
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Suvi Aivio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Kaichun Wei
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeremy M Stark
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Travis H Stracker
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona 08028, Spain
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4
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Reuter M, Zelensky A, Smal I, Meijering E, van Cappellen WA, de Gruiter HM, van Belle GJ, van Royen ME, Houtsmuller AB, Essers J, Kanaar R, Wyman C. BRCA2 diffuses as oligomeric clusters with RAD51 and changes mobility after DNA damage in live cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 207:599-613. [PMID: 25488918 PMCID: PMC4259808 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201405014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear BRCA2 is oligomeric and associated with RAD51, possibly sequestering it until it is delivered to DNA damage sites. Genome maintenance by homologous recombination depends on coordinating many proteins in time and space to assemble at DNA break sites. To understand this process, we followed the mobility of BRCA2, a critical recombination mediator, in live cells at the single-molecule level using both single-particle tracking and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. BRCA2-GFP and -YFP were compared to distinguish diffusion from fluorophore behavior. Diffusive behavior of fluorescent RAD51 and RAD54 was determined for comparison. All fluorescent proteins were expressed from endogenous loci. We found that nuclear BRCA2 existed in oligomeric clusters, and exhibited heterogeneous mobility. DNA damage increased BRCA2 transient binding, presumably including binding to damaged sites. Despite its very different size, RAD51 displayed mobility similar to BRCA2, which indicates physical interaction between these proteins both before and after induction of DNA damage. We propose that BRCA2-mediated sequestration of nuclear RAD51 serves to prevent inappropriate DNA interactions and that all RAD51 is delivered to DNA damage sites in association with BRCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Reuter
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex Zelensky
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ihor Smal
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Meijering
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A van Cappellen
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Martijn de Gruiter
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert J van Belle
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claire Wyman
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Department of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
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5
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Falck J, Forment JV, Coates J, Mistrik M, Lukas J, Bartek J, Jackson SP. CDK targeting of NBS1 promotes DNA-end resection, replication restart and homologous recombination. EMBO Rep 2012; 13:561-8. [PMID: 22565321 PMCID: PMC3367243 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2012.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved MRE11–RAD50–NBS1 (MRN) complex is an important sensor of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and facilitates DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) and end joining. Here, we identify NBS1 as a target of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) phosphorylation. We show that NBS1 serine 432 phosphorylation occurs in the S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle and requires CDK activity. This modification stimulates MRN-dependent conversion of DSBs into structures that are substrates for repair by HR. Impairment of NBS1 phosphorylation not only negatively affects DSB repair by HR, but also prevents resumption of DNA replication after replication-fork stalling. Thus, CDK-mediated NBS1 phosphorylation defines a molecular switch that controls the choice of repair mode for DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Centre for Genotoxic Stress Research, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Josep V Forment
- Department of Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Julia Coates
- Department of Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Centre for Genotoxic Stress Research, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc CZ-77515, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Lukas
- Centre for Genotoxic Stress Research, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Centre for Genotoxic Stress Research, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc CZ-77515, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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