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Qin Y, Zhou Y, Shen Z, Xu B, Chen M, Li Y, Chen M, Behrens A, Zhou J, Qi X, Meng W, Wang Y, Gao F. WDR62 is involved in spindle assembly by interacting with CEP170 in spermatogenesis. Development 2019; 146:dev.174128. [PMID: 31533924 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
WDR62 is the second most common genetic alteration associated with microcephaly. It has been shown that Wdr62 is required for germ cell meiosis initiation in mice, and the majority of male germ cells are lost in the meiotic defect of first wave spermatogenesis in Wdr62 mutants. Strikingly, in this study, we found that the initiation of meiosis following spermatogenesis was not affected and the germ cells were gradually repopulated at later developmental stages. However, most germ cells were arrested at metaphase of meiosis I and no mature sperm were detected in epididymides. Further, this study demonstrated that metaphase I arrest of Wdr62-deficient spermatocytes was caused by asymmetric distribution of the centrosome and aberrant spindle assembly. Also, mechanistic studies demonstrated that WDR62 interacts with centrosome-associated protein CEP170, and deletion of Wdr62 causes downregulation of the CEP170 protein, which in turn leads to the aberrant spindle assembly. In summary, this study indicates that the meiosis of first wave spermatogenesis and the following spermatogenesis started from spermatogonium is probably regulated by different mechanisms. We also demonstrated a new function of WDR62 in germ cell meiosis, through its interaction with CEP170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China 010070
| | - Zhiming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101
| | - Yaqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Axel Behrens
- CR-UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Qi
- The Department of Chemistry, Beijing Capital Normal University, Beijing, China 100048
| | - Wenxiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101
| | - Yaqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101 .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Herberg M, Siebert S, Quaas M, Thalheim T, Rother K, Hussong M, Altmüller J, Kerner C, Galle J, Schweiger MR, Aust G. Loss of Msh2 and a single-radiation hit induce common, genome-wide, and persistent epigenetic changes in the intestine. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:65. [PMID: 31029155 PMCID: PMC6486978 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mismatch repair (MMR)-deficiency increases the risk of colorectal tumorigenesis. To determine whether the tumors develop on a normal or disturbed epigenetic background and how radiation affects this, we quantified genome-wide histone H3 methylation profiles in macroscopic normal intestinal tissue of young radiated and untreated MMR-deficient VCMsh2LoxP/LoxP (Msh2−/−) mice months before tumor onset. Results Histone H3 methylation increases in Msh2−/− compared to control Msh2+/+ mice. Activating H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 histone marks frequently accumulate at genes that are H3K27me3 or H3K4me3 modified in Msh2+/+ mice, respectively. The genes recruiting H3K36me3 enrich in gene sets associated with DNA repair, RNA processing, and ribosome biogenesis that become transcriptionally upregulated in the developing tumors. A similar epigenetic effect is present in Msh2+/+ mice 4 weeks after a single-radiation hit, whereas radiation of Msh2−/− mice left their histone methylation profiles almost unchanged. Conclusions MMR deficiency results in genome-wide changes in histone H3 methylation profiles preceding tumor development. Similar changes constitute a persistent epigenetic signature of radiation-induced DNA damage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0639-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Herberg
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Siebert
- Laboratory for Translational Epigenetics and Tumor Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Graduate School for Biological Sciences (GSfBS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marianne Quaas
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Thalheim
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karen Rother
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Hepatology (LCEHep) Section of Hepatology, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michelle Hussong
- Laboratory for Translational Epigenetics and Tumor Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Kerner
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joerg Galle
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michal R Schweiger
- Laboratory for Translational Epigenetics and Tumor Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriela Aust
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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3
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Bian WP, Chen YL, Luo JJ, Wang C, Xie SL, Pei DS. Knock-In Strategy for Editing Human and Zebrafish Mitochondrial DNA Using Mito-CRISPR/Cas9 System. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:621-632. [PMID: 30955321 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) editing tool, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, is a promising approach for the treatment of mtDNA diseases by eliminating mutant mitochondrial genomes. However, there have been no reports of repairing the mutant mtDNA with homologous recombination strategy to date. Here, we show a mito-CRISPR/Cas9 system that mito-Cas9 protein can specifically target mtDNA and reduce mtDNA copy number in both human cells and zebrafish. An exogenous single-stranded DNA with short homologous arm was knocked into the targeting loci accurately, and this mutagenesis could be steadily transmitted to F1 generation of zebrafish. Moreover, we found some major factors involved in nuclear DNA repair were upregulated significantly by the mito-CRISPR/Cas9 system. Taken together, our data suggested that the mito-CRISPR/Cas9 system could be a useful method to edit mtDNA by knock-in strategy, providing a potential therapy for the treatment of inherited mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ping Bian
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Juan-Juan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shao-Lin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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4
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Zang Y, Pascal LE, Zhou Y, Qiu X, Wei L, Ai J, Nelson JB, Zhong M, Xue B, Wang S, Yang D, Lan L, Shan Y, Wang Z. ELL2 regulates DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:198-207. [PMID: 29179998 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ELL2 is an androgen-responsive gene that is expressed by prostate epithelial cells and is frequently down-regulated in prostate cancer. Deletion of Ell2 in the murine prostate induced murine prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and ELL2 knockdown enhanced proliferation and migration in C4-2 prostate cancer cells. Here, knockdown of ELL2 sensitized prostate cancer cells to DNA damage and overexpression of ELL2 protected prostate cancer cells from DNA damage. Knockdown of ELL2 impaired non-homologous end joining repair but not homologous recombination repair. Transfected ELL2 co-immunoprecipitated with both Ku70 and Ku80 proteins. ELL2 could bind to and co-accumulate with Ku70/Ku80 proteins at sites of DNA damage. Knockdown of ELL2 dramatically inhibited Ku70 and Ku80 recruitment and retention at DNA double-strand break sites in prostate cancer cells. The impaired recruitment of Ku70 and Ku80 proteins to DNA damage sites upon ELL2 knockdown was rescued by re-expression of an ELL2 transgene insensitive to siELL2. This study suggests that ELL2 is required for efficient NHEJ repair via Ku70/Ku80 in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Zang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| | - Laura E Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| | - Yibin Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| | - Xiaonan Qiu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| | - Leizhen Wei
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Junkui Ai
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| | - Joel B Nelson
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Mingming Zhong
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Shaoxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Dongrong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Li Lan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Yuxi Shan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA.
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5
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Rühm W, Azizova TV, Bouffler SD, Little MP, Shore RE, Walsh L, Woloschak GE. Dose-rate effects in radiation biology and radiation protection. Ann ICRP 2016; 45:262-279. [PMID: 26960819 DOI: 10.1177/0146645316629336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of biological effects (cancer, other diseases, and cell damage) associated with exposure to ionising radiation has been a major issue for the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) since its foundation in 1928. While there is a wealth of information on the effects on human health for whole-body doses above approximately 100 mGy, the effects associated with doses below 100 mGy are still being investigated and debated intensively. The current radiological protection approach, proposed by ICRP for workers and the public, is largely based on risks obtained from high-dose and high-dose-rate studies, such as the Japanese Life Span Study on atomic bomb survivors. The risk coefficients obtained from these studies can be reduced by the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) to account for the assumed lower effectiveness of low-dose and low-dose-rate exposures. The 2007 ICRP Recommendations continue to propose a value of 2 for DDREF, while other international organisations suggest either application of different values or abandonment of the factor. This paper summarises the current status of discussions, and highlights issues that are relevant to reassessing the magnitude and application of DDREF.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rühm
- a Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Department for Radiation Sciences, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T V Azizova
- b Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Russian Federation
| | - S D Bouffler
- c Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, UK
| | - M P Little
- d Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, USA
| | - R E Shore
- e New York University School of Medicine, USA
| | - L Walsh
- f Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Germany
| | - G E Woloschak
- g Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
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