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lncRNA 1700101O22Rik and NONMMUG030480.1 Are Not Essential for Spermatogenesis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158627. [PMID: 35955762 PMCID: PMC9369125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many testis-specific lncRNAs are highly expressed in late spermatogenesis, especially in spermiogenesis. However, their functions and the underlying mechanisms in male fertility are largely unknown. Here, we screened two highly expressed lncRNAs, 1700101O22Rik (O22Rik) and NONMMUG030480.1 (NM480) in testes, to investigate the roles in spermatogenesis using lncRNA knockout (KO) mouse generated by CRISPER/Cas9 technology. Both testis-specific lncRNAs were mainly expressed from secondary spermatocytes to round spermatids, suggesting that they might be involved in spermiogenesis. Phenotypic analysis showed that the deletion of O22Rik or NM480 did not affect the development of testis and epididymis or spermatogenesis. These results were confirmed in both young and middle-aged male mice. In addition, there was no significant difference in sperm morphology and other parameters including concentration and motility between wild type (WT) and KO mice. Fertility tests showed that litter size was significantly lower in O22Rik KO mice compared with WT controls. Although O22Rik did not exert dramatic roles in spermatogenesis, on molecular levels, its surrounding gene expression was disturbed significantly. Gm32773 was decreased; however, Gm32828 was increased in KO mice. In conclusion, lncRNA O22Rik and NM480 are not individually essential for spermatogenesis in mice.
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Biswas K, Couillard M, Cavallone L, Burkett S, Stauffer S, Martin BK, Southon E, Reid S, Plona TM, Baugher RN, Mellott SD, Pike KM, Albaugh ME, Maedler-Kron C, Hamel N, Tessarollo L, Marcus V, Foulkes WD, Sharan SK. A novel mouse model of PMS2 founder mutation that causes mismatch repair defect due to aberrant splicing. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:838. [PMID: 34489406 PMCID: PMC8421400 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, now known as Lynch syndrome (LS) is one of the most common cancer predisposition syndromes and is caused by germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. A common founder GPV in PMS2 in the Canadian Inuit population, NM_000535.5: c.2002A>G, leads to a benign missense (p.I668V) but also acts as a de novo splice site that creates a 5 bp deletion resulting in a truncated protein (p.I668*). Individuals homozygous for this GPV are predisposed to atypical constitutional MMR deficiency with a delayed onset of first primary malignancy. We have generated mice with an equivalent germline mutation (Pms2c.1993A>G) and demonstrate that it results in a splicing defect similar to those observed in humans. Homozygous mutant mice are viable like the Pms2 null mice. However, unlike the Pms2 null mice, these mutant mice are fertile, like humans homozygous for this variant. Furthermore, these mice exhibit a significant increase in microsatellite instability and intestinal adenomas on an Apc mutant background. Rectification of the splicing defect in human and murine fibroblasts using antisense morpholinos suggests that this novel mouse model can be valuable in evaluating the efficacy aimed at targeting the splicing defect in PMS2 that is highly prevalent among the Canadian Inuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Biswas
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Martin Couillard
- The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luca Cavallone
- The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra Burkett
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stacey Stauffer
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Betty K Martin
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Eileen Southon
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Susan Reid
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Teri M Plona
- CLIA Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ryan N Baugher
- CLIA Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie D Mellott
- CLIA Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kristen M Pike
- CLIA Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Mary E Albaugh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | | | - Nancy Hamel
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Marcus
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3JI, Canada
| | - Shyam K Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
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Rahman MM, Mohiuddin M, Shamima Keka I, Yamada K, Tsuda M, Sasanuma H, Andreani J, Guerois R, Borde V, Charbonnier JB, Takeda S. Genetic evidence for the involvement of mismatch repair proteins, PMS2 and MLH3, in a late step of homologous recombination. J Biol Chem 2021; 295:17460-17475. [PMID: 33453991 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) repairs DNA double-strand breaks using intact homologous sequences as template DNA. Broken DNA and intact homologous sequences form joint molecules (JMs), including Holliday junctions (HJs), as HR intermediates. HJs are resolved to form crossover and noncrossover products. A mismatch repair factor, MLH3 endonuclease, produces the majority of crossovers during meiotic HR, but it remains elusive whether mismatch repair factors promote HR in nonmeiotic cells. We disrupted genes encoding the MLH3 and PMS2 endonucleases in the human B cell line, TK6, generating null MLH3-/- and PMS2-/- mutant cells. We also inserted point mutations into the endonuclease motif of MLH3 and PMS2 genes, generating endonuclease death MLH3DN/DN and PMS2EK/EK cells. MLH3-/- and MLH3DN/DN cells showed a very similar phenotype, a 2.5-fold decrease in the frequency of heteroallelic HR-dependent repair of restriction enzyme-induced double-strand breaks. PMS2-/- and PMS2EK/EK cells showed a phenotype very similar to that of the MLH3 mutants. These data indicate that MLH3 and PMS2 promote HR as an endonuclease. The MLH3DN/DN and PMS2EK/EK mutations had an additive effect on the heteroallelic HR. MLH3DN/DN/PMS2EK/EK cells showed normal kinetics of γ-irradiation-induced Rad51 foci but a significant delay in the resolution of Rad51 foci and a 3-fold decrease in the number of cisplatin-induced sister chromatid exchanges. The ectopic expression of the Gen1 HJ re-solvase partially reversed the defective heteroallelic HR of MLH3DN/DN/PMS2EK/EK cells. Taken together, we propose that MLH3 and PMS2 promote HR as endonucleases, most likely by processing JMs in mammalian somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maminur Rahman
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mohiuddin Mohiuddin
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Islam Shamima Keka
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kousei Yamada
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jessica Andreani
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Raphael Guerois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Valerie Borde
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3244, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Charbonnier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Hayward BE, Steinbach PJ, Usdin K. A point mutation in the nuclease domain of MLH3 eliminates repeat expansions in a mouse stem cell model of the Fragile X-related disorders. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7856-7863. [PMID: 32619224 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fragile X-related disorders (FXDs) are Repeat Expansion Diseases, genetic disorders that result from the expansion of a disease-specific microsatellite. In those Repeat Expansion Disease models where it has been examined, expansion is dependent on functional mismatch repair (MMR) factors, including MutLγ, a heterodimer of MLH1/MLH3, one of the three MutL complexes found in mammals and a minor player in MMR. In contrast, MutLα, a much more abundant MutL complex that is the major contributor to MMR, is either not required for expansion or plays a limited role in expansion in many model systems. How MutLγ acts to generate expansions is unclear given its normal role in protecting against microsatellite instability and while MLH3 does have an associated endonuclease activity, whether that contributes to repeat expansion is uncertain. We show here, using a gene-editing approach, that a point mutation that eliminates the endonuclease activity of MLH3 eliminates expansions in an FXD mouse embryonic stem cell model. This restricts the number of possible models for repeat expansion and supports the idea that MutLγ may be a useful druggable target to reduce somatic expansion in those disorders where it contributes to disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Hayward
- Section on Gene Structure and Disease Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter J Steinbach
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen Usdin
- Section on Gene Structure and Disease Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Miller CJ, Kim GY, Zhao X, Usdin K. All three mammalian MutL complexes are required for repeat expansion in a mouse cell model of the Fragile X-related disorders. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008902. [PMID: 32589669 PMCID: PMC7347238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of a CGG-repeat tract in the 5' untranslated region of the FMR1 gene causes the fragile X-related disorders (FXDs; aka the FMR1 disorders). The expansion mechanism is likely shared by the 35+ other diseases resulting from expansion of a disease-specific microsatellite, but many steps in this process are unknown. We have shown previously that expansion is dependent upon functional mismatch repair proteins, including an absolute requirement for MutLγ, one of the three MutL heterodimeric complexes found in mammalian cells. We demonstrate here that both MutLα and MutLβ, the two other MutL complexes present in mammalian cells, are also required for most, if not all, expansions in a mouse embryonic stem cell model of the FXDs. A role for MutLα and MutLβ is consistent with human GWA studies implicating these complexes as modifiers of expansion risk in other Repeat Expansion Diseases. The requirement for all three complexes suggests a novel model in which these complexes co-operate to generate expansions. It also suggests that the PMS1 subunit of MutLβ may be a reasonable therapeutic target in those diseases in which somatic expansion is an important disease modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson J. Miller
- Section on Gene Structure and Disease, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Geum-Yi Kim
- Section on Gene Structure and Disease, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Section on Gene Structure and Disease, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen Usdin
- Section on Gene Structure and Disease, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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