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Wang Q, Hou K, Yang J, Li H, Li C, Zhang Y, Tian J, Li C, Guo B, Jia S, Luo Y. Modified iPOND revealed the role of mutant p53 in promoting helicase function and telomere maintenance. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10767-10784. [PMID: 37827695 PMCID: PMC10599736 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The G-rich DNA, such as telomere, tends to form G-quadruplex (G4) structure, which slows down the replication fork progression, induces replication stress, and becomes the chromosome fragile sites. Here we described a molecular strategy that cells developed to overcome the DNA replication stress via DNA helicase regulation. The p53N236S (p53S) mutation has been found in the Werner syndrome mouse embryo fibroblast (MEFs) escaped from senescence, could be the driving force for cell escaping senescence. We revealed that the p53S could transcriptionally up-regulate DNA helicases expression, including Wrn, Blm, Timeless, Ddx, Mcm, Gins, Fanc, as well as telomere specific proteins Terf1, Pot1, through which p53S promoted the unwinding of G4 structures, and protected the cells from DNA replication stress induced by G4 stabilizer. By modified iPOND (isolation of proteins on nascent DNA) assay and telomere assay, we demonstrated that the p53S could promote the recruitment of those helicases to the DNA replication forks, facilitated the maintenance of telomere, and prevent the telomere dysfunction induced by G4 stabilizer. Interestingly, we did not observe the function of promoting G4 resolving and facilitating telomere lengthening in the cells with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome mutation-p53R172H (p53H), which suggests that this is the specific gain of function for p53S. Together our data suggest that the p53S could gain the new function of releasing the replication stress via regulating the helicase function and G4 structure, which benefits telomere lengthening. This strategy could be applied to the treatment of diseases caused by telomere replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Kailong Hou
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Haili Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Cui Li
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanduo Zhang
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chuanbiao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuting Jia
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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2
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Rakotopare J, Toledo F. p53 in the Molecular Circuitry of Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14940. [PMID: 37834388 PMCID: PMC10573108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice with a constitutive increase in p53 activity exhibited features of dyskeratosis congenita (DC), a bone marrow failure syndrome (BMFS) caused by defective telomere maintenance. Further studies confirmed, in humans and mice, that germline mutations affecting TP53 or its regulator MDM4 may cause short telomeres and alter hematopoiesis, but also revealed features of Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) or Fanconi anemia (FA), two BMFSs, respectively, caused by defects in ribosomal function or DNA repair. p53 downregulates several genes mutated in DC, either by binding to promoter sequences (DKC1) or indirectly via the DREAM repressor complex (RTEL1, DCLRE1B), and the p53-DREAM pathway represses 22 additional telomere-related genes. Interestingly, mutations in any DC-causal gene will cause telomere dysfunction and subsequent p53 activation to further promote the repression of p53-DREAM targets. Similarly, ribosomal dysfunction and DNA lesions cause p53 activation, and p53-DREAM targets include the DBA-causal gene TSR2, at least 9 FA-causal genes, and 38 other genes affecting ribosomes or the FA pathway. Furthermore, patients with BMFSs may exhibit brain abnormalities, and p53-DREAM represses 16 genes mutated in microcephaly or cerebellar hypoplasia. In sum, positive feedback loops and the repertoire of p53-DREAM targets likely contribute to partial phenotypic overlaps between BMFSs of distinct molecular origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Rakotopare
- Genetics of Tumor Suppression, Institut Curie, CEDEX 05, 75248 Paris, France;
- CNRS UMR3244, 75005 Paris, France
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Franck Toledo
- Genetics of Tumor Suppression, Institut Curie, CEDEX 05, 75248 Paris, France;
- CNRS UMR3244, 75005 Paris, France
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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3
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Cytogenetics in Fanconi Anemia: The Importance of Follow-Up and the Search for New Biomarkers of Genomic Instability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214119. [PMID: 36430597 PMCID: PMC9699043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a disease characterized by genomic instability, increased sensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, and the presence of clonal chromosomal abnormalities. This genomic instability can compromise the bone marrow (BM) and confer a high cancer risk to the patients, particularly in the development of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). The diagnosis of FA patients is complex and cannot be based only on clinical features at presentation. The gold standard diagnostic assay for these patients is cytogenetic analysis, revealing chromosomal breaks induced by DNA cross-linking agents. Clonal chromosome abnormalities, such as the ones involving chromosomes 1q, 3q, and 7, are also common features in FA patients and are associated with progressive BM failure and/or a pre-leukemia condition. In this review, we discuss the cytogenetic methods and their application in diagnosis, stratification of the patients into distinct prognostic groups, and the clinical follow-up of FA patients. These methods have been invaluable for the understanding of FA pathogenesis and identifying novel disease biomarkers. Additional evidence is required to determine the association of these biomarkers with prognosis and cancer risk, and their potential as druggable targets for FA therapy.
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4
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Iki S, Shimizu H, Morimoto Y, Yamamoto N, Ohashi A, Tayama T, Imamura A, Ozawa H. Intracranial calcification and psychotic symptoms after irradiation in a patient with Fanconi anemia: A case report. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2022; 1:e10. [PMID: 38868643 PMCID: PMC11114304 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) are at high risk for the development of malignancies, and are often treated with radiation therapy. Radiation therapy during childhood can cause intracranial calcification after a latent period, which has been associated with psychiatric symptoms. Despite the high sensitivity of patients with FA to radiation, intracranial calcification has rarely been reported in these patients. Case Presentation A 17-year-old girl presented with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment. She had been diagnosed with FA at 3 years old, and had received a bone marrow transplant at 5 years old with a preparative regimen that included total body irradiation. Results of IQ tests revealed a characteristic pattern of decline between the ages of 15 and 17 years. Computed tomography indicated multiple intracranial calcifications in regions associated with psychotic symptoms, including the frontal lobe and thalamus. The patient's psychiatric symptoms improved with the administration of blonanserin. Limitations The patient did not have regular intracranial imaging, making it difficult to confirm a direct relationship between intracranial calcification, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment. It is unclear whether the intracranial calcification in this case can be explained entirely by irradiation. Conclusion This case suggests a link between FA, intracranial calcification, and psychosis, in which intracranial calcification may have caused psychiatric symptoms. At present, evidence regarding the characteristics of psychiatric symptoms of intracranial calcification and its treatment is lacking. The current case will be helpful for elucidating the pathogenesis of this disorder and developing appropriate treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Iki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translational MedicineNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Community Partnership UnitNagasaki University HospitalNagasakiJapan
| | - Hitomi Shimizu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translational MedicineNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Community Partnership UnitNagasaki University HospitalNagasakiJapan
- Department of PediatricsSaiseikai Nagasaki HospitalNagasakiJapan
| | - Yoshiro Morimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translational MedicineNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Community Partnership UnitNagasaki University HospitalNagasakiJapan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translational MedicineNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Community Partnership UnitNagasaki University HospitalNagasakiJapan
| | - Aiko Ohashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translational MedicineNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Community Partnership UnitNagasaki University HospitalNagasakiJapan
| | - Tatsuyuki Tayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translational MedicineNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Community Partnership UnitNagasaki University HospitalNagasakiJapan
| | - Akira Imamura
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Community Partnership UnitNagasaki University HospitalNagasakiJapan
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation ScienceNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Translational MedicineNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Community Partnership UnitNagasaki University HospitalNagasakiJapan
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5
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Genome-wide whole-blood transcriptome profiling across inherited bone marrow failure subtypes. Blood Adv 2021; 5:5360-5371. [PMID: 34625797 PMCID: PMC9153011 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling has long been used in understanding the contribution of genes and related pathways in disease pathogenesis and susceptibility. We have performed whole-blood transcriptomic profiling in a subset of patients with inherited bone marrow failure (IBMF) whose diseases are clinically and genetically characterized as Fanconi anemia (FA), Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), and dyskeratosis congenita (DC). We hypothesized that annotating whole-blood transcripts genome wide will aid in understanding the complexity of gene regulation across these IBMF subtypes. Initial analysis of these blood-derived transcriptomes revealed significant skewing toward upregulated genes in patients with FA when compared with controls. Patients with SDS or DC also showed similar skewing profiles in their transcriptional status revealing a common pattern across these different IBMF subtypes. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed shared pathways involved in protein translation and elongation (ribosome constituents), RNA metabolism (nonsense-mediated decay), and mitochondrial function (electron transport chain). We further identified a discovery set of 26 upregulated genes at stringent cutoff (false discovery rate < 0.05) that appeared as a unified signature across the IBMF subtypes. Subsequent transcriptomic analysis on genetically uncharacterized patients with BMF revealed a striking overlap of genes, including 22 from the discovery set, which indicates a unified transcriptional drive across the classic (FA, SDS, and DC) and uncharacterized BMF subtypes. This study has relevance in disease pathogenesis, for example, in explaining the features (including the BMF) common to all patients with IBMF and suggests harnessing this transcriptional signature for patient benefit.
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6
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Helbling-Leclerc A, Garcin C, Rosselli F. Beyond DNA repair and chromosome instability-Fanconi anaemia as a cellular senescence-associated syndrome. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1159-1173. [PMID: 33723374 PMCID: PMC8026967 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is the most frequent inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, due to mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in replication fork protection, DNA interstrand crosslink repair and replication rescue through inducing double-strand break repair and homologous recombination. Clinically, FA is characterised by aplastic anaemia, congenital defects and cancer predisposition. In in vitro studies, FA cells presented hallmarks defining senescent cells, including p53-p21 axis activation, altered telomere length, mitochondrial dysfunction, chromatin alterations, and a pro-inflammatory status. Senescence is a programme leading to proliferation arrest that is involved in different physiological contexts, such as embryogenesis, tissue remodelling and repair and guarantees tumour suppression activity. However, senescence can become a driving force for developmental abnormalities, aging and cancer. Herein, we summarise the current knowledge in the field to highlight the mutual relationships between FA and senescence that lead us to consider FA not only as a DNA repair and chromosome fragility syndrome but also as a "senescence syndrome".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Helbling-Leclerc
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388UMR9019-CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Cedex France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France ,Equipe labellisée “La Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Villejuif, France
| | - Cécile Garcin
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388UMR9019-CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Cedex France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France ,Equipe labellisée “La Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Villejuif, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388UMR9019-CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Cedex France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France ,Equipe labellisée “La Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Villejuif, France
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7
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Adams CD, Boutwell BB. A Mendelian randomization study of telomere length and blood-cell traits. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12223. [PMID: 32699327 PMCID: PMC7376238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether telomere attrition reducing proliferative reserve in blood-cell progenitors is causal has important public-health implications. Mendelian randomization (MR) is an analytic technique using germline genetic variants as instrumental variables. If certain assumptions are met, estimates from MR should be free from most environmental sources of confounding and reverse causation. Here, two-sample MR is performed to test whether longer telomeres cause changes to hematological traits. Summary statistics for genetic variants strongly associated with telomere length were extracted from a genome-wide association (GWA) study for telomere length in individuals of European ancestry (n = 9190) and from GWA studies of blood-cell traits, also in those of European ancestry (n ~ 173,000 participants). A standard deviation increase in genetically influenced telomere length increased red blood cell and white blood cell counts, decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobinand mean cell volume, and had no observable impact on mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, hematocrit, or hemoglobin. Sensitivity tests for pleiotropic distortion were mostly inconsistent with glaring violations to the MR assumptions. Similar to germline mutations in telomere biology genes leading to bone-marrow failure, these data provide evidence that genetically influenced common variation in telomere length impacts hematologic traits in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charleen D Adams
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Brian B Boutwell
- School of Applied Science, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA.,John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
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8
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Hou H, Li D, Gao J, Gao L, Lu Q, Hu Y, Wu S, Chu X, Yao Y, Wan L, Ling J, Pan J, Xu G, Hu S. Proteomic profiling and bioinformatics analysis identify key regulators during the process from fanconi anemia to acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1415-1427. [PMID: 32355551 PMCID: PMC7191167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a congenital aplastic anemia, characterized as congenital bone marrow failure, developmental malformation, and the malignant tendency, which may develop into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, few studies have been conducted on the progression from FA to AML. In this study, we used proteomic profiling, together with bioinformatics analyses, to explore the molecular mechanisms by which FA progresses to AML. Quantitative proteomic analyses of bone marrow samples identified 168 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 7 upregulated proteins and 161 downregulated proteins in the bone marrow of the FA patient compared with the healthy people. The upregulated proteins were enriched in response to stress, oxygen transport, and hydrogen peroxide catabolic process. The downregulated proteins were enriched in myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity, response to interleukin-12, platelet degranulation and regulation of ATPase activity. Based on these results, we discovered 155 DEPs (142 upregulated and 13 downregulated) in the bone marrow samples between FA and AML patients, of which HIST1H1D, HIST1H3A, PSME1 and THRAP3 may play important roles in the progression of FA to AML and may be used as markers for AML early diagnosis. Finally, cell-line based experiments confirmed that PSME1 had an important effect on the proliferation of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hou
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
- Inner Mongolia People’s HospitalHohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyan Gao
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuiyan Wu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinran Chu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Yao
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Heidemann S, Bursic B, Zandi S, Li H, Abelson S, Klaassen RJ, Abish S, Rayar M, Breakey VR, Moshiri H, Dhanraj S, de Borja R, Shlien A, Dick JE, Dror Y. Cellular and molecular architecture of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors in genetic models of bone marrow failure. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131018. [PMID: 31990679 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, such as Fanconi anemia (FA) and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), feature progressive cytopenia and a risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using deep phenotypic analysis of early progenitors in FA/SDS bone marrow samples, we revealed selective survival of progenitors that phenotypically resembled granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMP). Whole-exome and targeted sequencing of GMP-like cells in leukemia-free patients revealed a higher mutation load than in healthy controls and molecular changes that are characteristic of AML: increased G>A/C>T variants, decreased A>G/T>C variants, increased trinucleotide mutations at Xp(C>T)pT, and decreased mutation rates at Xp(C>T)pG sites compared with other Xp(C>T)pX sites and enrichment for Cancer Signature 1 (X indicates any nucleotide). Potential preleukemic targets in the GMP-like cells from patients with FA/SDS included SYNE1, DST, HUWE1, LRP2, NOTCH2, and TP53. Serial analysis of GMPs from an SDS patient who progressed to leukemia revealed a gradual increase in mutational burden, enrichment of G>A/C>T signature, and emergence of new clones. Interestingly, the molecular signature of marrow cells from 2 FA/SDS patients with leukemia was similar to that of FA/SDS patients without transformation. The predicted founding clones in SDS-derived AML harbored mutations in several genes, including TP53, while in FA-derived AML the mutated genes included ARID1B and SFPQ. We describe an architectural change in the hematopoietic hierarchy of FA/SDS with remarkable preservation of GMP-like populations harboring unique mutation signatures. GMP-like cells might represent a cellular reservoir for clonal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Heidemann
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program and.,Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia (Pre-leukemia) Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sasan Zandi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sagi Abelson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Klaassen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Abish
- Hematology-Oncology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meera Rayar
- Division of Hematology, Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplant, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vicky R Breakey
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Santhosh Dhanraj
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program and.,Institute of Medical Science and
| | | | | | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yigal Dror
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program and.,Marrow Failure and Myelodysplasia (Pre-leukemia) Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science and
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10
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Fanconi anemia proteins counteract the implementation of the oncogene-induced senescence program. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17024. [PMID: 31745226 PMCID: PMC6863893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA), due to the loss-of-function of the proteins that constitute the FANC pathway involved in DNA replication and genetic stability maintainance, is a rare genetic disease featuring bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities and cancer predisposition. Similar clinical stigmas have also been associated with alterations in the senescence program, which is activated in physiological or stress situations, including the unscheduled, chronic, activation of an oncogene (oncogene induced senescence, OIS). Here, we wanted to determine the crosstalk, if any, between the FANC pathway and the OIS process. OIS was analyzed in two known cellular models, IMR90-hTERT/ER:RASG12V and WI38-hTERT/ER:GFP:RAF1, harboring 4-hydroxytamoxifen-inducible oncogenes. We observed that oncogene activation induces a transitory increase of both FANCA and FANCD2 as well as FANCD2 monoubiquitination, readout of FANC pathway activation, followed by their degradation. FANCD2 depletion, which leads to a pre-senescent phenotype, anticipates OIS progression. Coherently, FANCD2 overexpression or inhibition of its proteosomal-dependent degradation slightly delays OIS progression. The pro-senescence protease cathepsin L, which activation is anticipated during OIS in FANCD2-depleted cells, also participates to FANCD2 degradation. Our results demonstrate that oncogene activation is first associated with FANCD2 induction and activation, which may support initial cell proliferation, followed by its degradation/downregulation when OIS proceeds.
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11
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Lu R, O'Rourke JJ, Sobinoff AP, Allen JAM, Nelson CB, Tomlinson CG, Lee M, Reddel RR, Deans AJ, Pickett HA. The FANCM-BLM-TOP3A-RMI complex suppresses alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Nat Commun 2019; 10:2252. [PMID: 31138797 PMCID: PMC6538672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The collapse of stalled replication forks is a major driver of genomic instability. Several committed mechanisms exist to resolve replication stress. These pathways are particularly pertinent at telomeres. Cancer cells that use Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) display heightened levels of telomere-specific replication stress, and co-opt stalled replication forks as substrates for break-induced telomere synthesis. FANCM is a DNA translocase that can form independent functional interactions with the BLM-TOP3A-RMI (BTR) complex and the Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex. Here, we demonstrate that FANCM depletion provokes ALT activity, evident by increased break-induced telomere synthesis, and the induction of ALT biomarkers. FANCM-mediated attenuation of ALT requires its inherent DNA translocase activity and interaction with the BTR complex, but does not require the FA core complex, indicative of FANCM functioning to restrain excessive ALT activity by ameliorating replication stress at telomeres. Synthetic inhibition of FANCM-BTR complex formation is selectively toxic to ALT cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lu
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Julienne J O'Rourke
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, 3065, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander P Sobinoff
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua A M Allen
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher B Nelson
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher G Tomlinson
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Lee
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger R Reddel
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Deans
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, 3065, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia.
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Arias-Salgado EG, Galvez E, Planas-Cerezales L, Pintado-Berninches L, Vallespin E, Martinez P, Carrillo J, Iarriccio L, Ruiz-Llobet A, Catalá A, Badell-Serra I, Gonzalez-Granado LI, Martín-Nalda A, Martínez-Gallo M, Galera-Miñarro A, Rodríguez-Vigil C, Bastos-Oreiro M, Perez de Nanclares G, Leiro-Fernández V, Uria ML, Diaz-Heredia C, Valenzuela C, Martín S, López-Muñiz B, Lapunzina P, Sevilla J, Molina-Molina M, Perona R, Sastre L. Genetic analyses of aplastic anemia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients with short telomeres, possible implication of DNA-repair genes. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:82. [PMID: 30995915 PMCID: PMC6471801 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures present at the terminal region of the chromosomes. Mutations in genes coding for proteins involved in telomere maintenance are causative of a number of disorders known as telomeropathies. The genetic origin of these diseases is heterogeneous and has not been determined for a significant proportion of patients. Methods This article describes the genetic characterization of a cohort of patients. Telomere length was determined by Southern blot and quantitative PCR. Nucleotide variants were analyzed either by high-resolution melting analysis and Sanger sequencing of selected exons or by massive sequencing of a panel of genes. Results Forty-seven patients with telomere length below the 10% of normal population, affected with three telomeropathies: dyskeratosis congenita (4), aplastic anemia (22) or pulmonary fibrosis (21) were analyzed. Eighteen of these patients presented known pathogenic or novel possibly pathogenic variants in the telomere-related genes TERT, TERC, RTEL1, CTC1 and ACD. In addition, the analyses of a panel of 188 genes related to haematological disorders indicated that a relevant proportion of the patients (up to 35%) presented rare variants in genes related to DNA repair or in genes coding for proteins involved in the resolution of complex DNA structures, that participate in telomere replication. Mutations in some of these genes are causative of several syndromes previously associated to telomere shortening. Conclusion Novel variants in telomere, DNA repair and replication genes are described that might indicate the contribution of variants in these genes to the development of telomeropathies. Patients carrying variants in telomere-related genes presented worse evolution after diagnosis than the rest of patients analyzed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-019-1046-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Arias-Salgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Medical Projects, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Galvez
- Hospital Niño Jesús, Hematología y Hemoterapia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lurdes Planas-Cerezales
- ILD Unit Pneumology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pintado-Berninches
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Medical Projects, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespin
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Martinez
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Carrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Iarriccio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Medical Projects, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Llobet
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (IRP-HSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Catalá
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (IRP-HSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrea Martín-Nalda
- Immunology Division, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Gallo
- Immunology Division, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba National Health Institute, OSI Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Virginia Leiro-Fernández
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, NeumoVigoI+i Research Group, Vigo Biomedical Research Institute (IBIV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Luz Uria
- Immunology Division, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Diaz-Heredia
- Immunology Division, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sara Martín
- ILD Unit Pneumology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Sevilla
- Hospital Niño Jesús, Hematología y Hemoterapia, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Molina-Molina
- ILD Unit Pneumology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Perona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Sastre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, IDIPaz, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa R, Carrington B, Ramaswami M, Bishop K, Robbins GM, Jones M, Harper U, Frederickson SC, Kimble DC, Sood R, Chandrasekharappa SC. Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of 19 Fanconi anemia pathway genes in zebrafish revealed their roles in growth, sexual development and fertility. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007821. [PMID: 30540754 PMCID: PMC6328202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a genomic instability syndrome resulting in aplastic anemia, developmental abnormalities, and predisposition to hematological and other solid organ malignancies. Mutations in genes that encode proteins of the FA pathway fail to orchestrate the repair of DNA damage caused by DNA interstrand crosslinks. Zebrafish harbor homologs for nearly all known FA genes. We used multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis to generate loss-of-function mutants for 17 FA genes: fanca, fancb, fancc, fancd1/brca2, fancd2, fance, fancf, fancg, fanci, fancj/brip1, fancl, fancm, fancn/palb2, fanco/rad51c, fancp/slx4, fancq/ercc4, fanct/ube2t, and two genes encoding FA-associated proteins: faap100 and faap24. We selected two indel mutations predicted to cause premature truncations for all but two of the genes, and a total of 36 mutant lines were generated for 19 genes. Generating two independent mutant lines for each gene was important to validate their phenotypic consequences. RT-PCR from homozygous mutant fish confirmed the presence of transcripts with indels in all genes. Interestingly, 4 of the indel mutations led to aberrant splicing, which may produce a different protein than predicted from the genomic sequence. Analysis of RNA is thus critical in proper evaluation of the consequences of the mutations introduced in zebrafish genome. We used fluorescent reporter assay, and western blots to confirm loss-of-function for several mutants. Additionally, we developed a DEB treatment assay by evaluating morphological changes in embryos and confirmed that homozygous mutants from all the FA genes that could be tested (11/17), displayed hypersensitivity and thus were indeed null alleles. Our multiplexing strategy helped us to evaluate 11 multiple gene knockout combinations without additional breeding. Homozygous zebrafish for all 19 single and 11 multi-gene knockouts were adult viable, indicating FA genes in zebrafish are generally not essential for early development. None of the mutant fish displayed gross developmental abnormalities except for fancp-/- fish, which were significantly smaller in length than their wildtype clutch mates. Complete female-to-male sex reversal was observed in knockouts for 12/17 FA genes, while partial sex reversal was seen for the other five gene knockouts. All adult females were fertile, and among the adult males, all were fertile except for the fancd1 mutants and one of the fancj mutants. We report here generation and characterization of zebrafish knockout mutants for 17 FA disease-causing genes, providing an integral resource for understanding the pathophysiology associated with the disrupted FA pathway. Deficiencies in repair of DNA damage can cause diseases such as Fanconi anemia (FA), which is characterized by birth defects, bone marrow failure, anemia, leukemia and other cancers. A set of proteins constitute the FA pathway and together orchestrate the DNA repair process. Inactivation of one or more gene(s) encoding the proteins of the DNA repair pathway in an animal model would enable us to study the functions of these proteins in maintenance of normal cellular functions and the overall health of an individual in the absence of function. We systematically targeted the FA pathway in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9. We generated 36 fish lines with loss-of-function mutations in 19 FA pathway genes and showed that all survive to adulthood. We did not notice obvious morphological changes except in fancp gene-inactivated fish, which were smaller in length. However, all mutant fish were either exclusively or in majority male. Unlike reduced fertility among FA patients, all adult mutant fish were fertile, except for the fancd1 and fancj knockout males. These mutant zebrafish will serve as a huge resource for the scientific community to study the role of FA proteins in fish development, DNA repair, and as models for FA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanagouda Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Blake Carrington
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mukundhan Ramaswami
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle M. Robbins
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - MaryPat Jones
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ursula Harper
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Frederickson
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danielle C. Kimble
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raman Sood
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Settara C. Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Degan P, Cappelli E, Longobardi M, Pulliero A, Cuccarolo P, Dufour C, Ravera S, Calzia D, Izzotti A. A Global MicroRNA Profile in Fanconi Anemia: A Pilot Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 17:53-59. [PMID: 30376422 DOI: 10.1089/met.2018.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex tumor-prone disease defined by an entangled genotype and phenotype. Despite enormous efforts in the last 20 years, a comprehensive and integrated view of the disease is still missing. The aim of this pilot study was to establish whether a global microRNA (miRNA) analysis approach could be helpful in defining aspects in FA phenotype, which might deserve future attention with the perspective to develop miRNA-based therapies. METHODS miRNA array were employed to characterize the global miRNA (miRNoma) profile of FA RNA samples with respect to normal samples. RESULTS We report and compare miRNA profile from two FA established cell lines and three FA patients. This analysis reveals that 36 and 64 miRNAs, respectively, are found differentially expressed (>2-fold variation and P < 0.05) in the samples from FA cell lines and FA patients. Overlap of these data results in 24 miRNAs as shared in the two sample populations. Available bioinformatics methods were used to predict target genes for the differentially expressed miRNAs and to perform pathway enrichment analysis. CONCLUSIONS Seven pathway results associated with the FA phenotype. It is interesting to note that some of these pathways were previously unrelated to FA phenotype. It might be important to focus on these pathways not previously emerged as dysfunctional in FA to better define the pathophysiological context of this disease. This is the first report of a global miRNA analysis in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Degan
- 1 Mutagenesis and Preventive Oncology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Pulliero
- 3 Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Cuccarolo
- 1 Mutagenesis and Preventive Oncology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Dufour
- 2 Hematology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- 4 Department of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- 4 Department of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- 1 Mutagenesis and Preventive Oncology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,3 Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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15
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Kosebent EG, Uysal F, Ozturk S. Telomere length and telomerase activity during folliculogenesis in mammals. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:477-484. [PMID: 30270279 PMCID: PMC6305847 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive non-coding DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells. Their most important function is to protect chromosome ends from being recognized
as DNA damage. They are also implicated in meiosis and synapse formation. The length of telomeres inevitably shortens at the end of each round of DNA replication and, also, as a consequence
of the exposure to oxidative stress and/or genotoxic agents. The enzyme telomerase contributes to telomere lengthening. It has been reported that telomerase is exclusively expressed in germ
cells, granulosa cells, early embryos, stem cells, and various types of cancerous cells. Granulosa cells undergo many mitotic divisions and either granulosa cells or oocytes are exposed to a
variety of genotoxic agents throughout folliculogenesis; thus, telomerase plays an important role in the maintenance of telomere length. In this review article, we have comprehensively
evaluated the studies focusing on the regulation of telomerase expression and activity, as well as telomere length, during folliculogenesis from primordial to antral follicles, in several
mammalian species including mice, bovines, and humans. Also, the possible relationships between female infertility caused by follicular development defects and alterations in the telomeres
and/or telomerase activity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Gozde Kosebent
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Fatma Uysal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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16
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Ko JMY, Tsang KHK, Dai W, Choi SSA, Leong MML, Ngan RKC, Kwong DLW, Cheng A, Lee AWM, Ng WT, Tung S, Lee VHF, Lam KO, Chan CKC, Lung ML. Leukocyte telomere length associates with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk and survival in Hong Kong Chinese. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2289-2298. [PMID: 29873071 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomere shortening occurs as an early event in tumorigenesis. The TERT-CLPTM1L locus associates with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk. It remains unknown if leukocyte telomere length (LTL) associates with NPC risk and survival. The relative LTL (rLTL) was measured by quantitative-PCR in 2,996 individuals comprised of 1,284 NPC cases and 1712 matched controls. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by logistic regression. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI were calculated by Cox regression for survival analysis with rLTL and other clinical parameters in 1,243 NPC with a minimum follow-up period of 25 months. NPC patients had significantly shorter telomere length than controls. Shorter rLTL significantly associated with increased NPC risk, when the individuals were dichotomized into long and short telomeres based on median-split rLTL in the control group (OR = 2.317; 95% CI = 1.989-2.700, p = 4.10 × 10-27 ). We observed a significant dose-response association (ptrend = 3.26 × 10-34 ) between rLTL and NPC risk with OR being 3.555 (95% CI = 2.853-4.429) for the individuals in the first quartile (shortest) compared with normal individuals in the fourth quartile (longest). A multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted by age demonstrated an independent effect of rLTL on NPC survival for late-stage NPC patients, when the individuals were categorized into suboptimal rLTL versus the medium rLTL based on a threshold set from normal (HR = 1.471, 95% CI = 1.056-2.048, p = 0.022). Shorter blood telomeres may be markers for higher susceptibility for NPC risk. Suboptimal rLTL may be a poor prognostic factor for advanced NPC patients, as it associates independently with poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Mun-Yee Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Kay Hiu-Ki Tsang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Sheyne Sta Ana Choi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Merrin Man-Long Leong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Roger Kai-Cheong Ngan
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Ashley Cheng
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Anne Wing-Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Tong Ng
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Stewart Tung
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Victor Ho-Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Ka-On Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Candy King-Chi Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
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17
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The Guardian of the Genome Revisited: p53 Downregulates Genes Required for Telomere Maintenance, DNA Repair, and Centromere Structure. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050135. [PMID: 29734785 PMCID: PMC5977108 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein has been extensively studied for its capacity to prevent proliferation of cells with a damaged genome. Surprisingly, however, our recent analysis of mice expressing a hyperactive mutant p53 that lacks the C-terminal domain revealed that increased p53 activity may alter genome maintenance. We showed that p53 downregulates genes essential for telomere metabolism, DNA repair, and centromere structure and that a sustained p53 activity leads to phenotypic traits associated with dyskeratosis congenita and Fanconi anemia. This downregulation is largely conserved in human cells, which suggests that our findings could be relevant to better understand processes involved in bone marrow failure as well as aging and tumor suppression.
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18
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SNM1B/Apollo in the DNA damage response and telomere maintenance. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48398-48409. [PMID: 28430596 PMCID: PMC5564657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
hSNM1B/Apollo is a member of the highly conserved β-CASP subgroup within the MBL superfamily of proteins. It interacts with several DNA repair proteins and functions within the Fanconi anemia pathway in response to DNA interstrand crosslinks. As a shelterin accessory protein, hSNM1B/Apollo is also vital for the generation and maintenance of telomeric overhangs. In this review, we will summarize studies on hSNM1B/Apollo's function, including its contribution to DNA damage signaling, replication fork maintenance, control of topological stress and telomere protection. Furthermore, we will highlight recent studies illustrating hSNM1B/Apollo's putative role in human disease.
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19
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FANCM, BRCA1, and BLM cooperatively resolve the replication stress at the ALT telomeres. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5940-E5949. [PMID: 28673972 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708065114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian genome, certain genomic loci/regions pose greater challenges to the DNA replication machinery (i.e., the replisome) than others. Such known genomic loci/regions include centromeres, common fragile sites, subtelomeres, and telomeres. However, the detailed mechanism of how mammalian cells cope with the replication stress at these loci/regions is largely unknown. Here we show that depletion of FANCM, or of one of its obligatory binding partners, FAAP24, MHF1, and MHF2, induces replication stress primarily at the telomeres of cells that use the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway as their telomere maintenance mechanism. Using the telomere-specific single-molecule analysis of replicated DNA technique, we found that depletion of FANCM dramatically reduces the replication efficiency at ALT telomeres. We further show that FANCM, BRCA1, and BLM are actively recruited to the ALT telomeres that are experiencing replication stress and that the recruitment of BRCA1 and BLM to these damaged telomeres is interdependent and is regulated by both ATR and Chk1. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that, in FANCM-depleted ALT cells, BRCA1 and BLM help to resolve the telomeric replication stress by stimulating DNA end resection and homologous recombination (HR). Consistent with their roles in resolving the replication stress induced by FANCM deficiency, simultaneous depletion of BLM and FANCM, or of BRCA1 and FANCM, leads to increased micronuclei formation and synthetic lethality in ALT cells. We propose that these synthetic lethal interactions can be explored for targeting the ALT cancers.
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20
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Toufektchan E, Jaber S, Toledo F. [Dangerous liaisons: p53, dyskeratosis congenita and Fanconi anemia]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:95-98. [PMID: 28120765 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173301018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Toufektchan
- Génétique de la suppression tumorale, Équipe Labellisée Ligue, Institut Curie, Centre de recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France - Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France - CNRS UMR 3244, Paris, France - PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sara Jaber
- Génétique de la suppression tumorale, Équipe Labellisée Ligue, Institut Curie, Centre de recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France - Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France - CNRS UMR 3244, Paris, France - PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Franck Toledo
- Génétique de la suppression tumorale, Équipe Labellisée Ligue, Institut Curie, Centre de recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France - Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France - CNRS UMR 3244, Paris, France - PSL Research University, Paris, France
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Rendeková J, Ward TA, Šimoničová L, Thomas PH, Nosek J, Tomáška Ľ, McHugh PJ, Chovanec M. Mgm101: A double-duty Rad52-like protein. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3169-3176. [PMID: 27636878 PMCID: PMC5176325 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1231288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mgm101 has well-characterized activity for the repair and replication of the mitochondrial genome. Recent work has demonstrated a further role for Mgm101 in nuclear DNA metabolism, contributing to an S-phase specific DNA interstrand cross-link repair pathway that acts redundantly with a pathway controlled by Pso2 exonuclease. Due to involvement of FANCM, FANCJ and FANCP homologues (Mph1, Chl1 and Slx4), this pathway has been described as a Fanconi anemia-like pathway. In this pathway, Mgm101 physically interacts with the DNA helicase Mph1 and the MutSα (Msh2/Msh6) heterodimer, but its precise role is yet to be elucidated. Data presented here suggests that Mgm101 functionally overlaps with Rad52, supporting previous suggestions that, based on protein structure and biochemical properties, Mgm101 and Rad52 belong to a family of proteins with similar function. In addition, our data shows that this overlap extends to the function of both proteins at telomeres, where Mgm101 is required for telomere elongation during chromosome replication in rad52 defective cells. We hypothesize that Mgm101 could, in Rad52-like manner, preferentially bind single-stranded DNAs (such as at stalled replication forks, broken chromosomes and natural chromosome ends), stabilize them and mediate single-strand annealing-like homologous recombination event to prevent them from converting into toxic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Rendeková
- a Department of Genetics , Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Science , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Thomas A Ward
- b Department of Oncology , Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford , UK
| | - Lucia Šimoničová
- c Department of Genetics , Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Peter H Thomas
- b Department of Oncology , Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford , UK
| | - Jozef Nosek
- d Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Tomáška
- c Department of Genetics , Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Peter J McHugh
- b Department of Oncology , Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford , UK
| | - Miroslav Chovanec
- a Department of Genetics , Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Science , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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