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The Emerging Roles and Clinical Potential of circSMARCA5 in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193074. [PMID: 36231036 PMCID: PMC9562909 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of endogenous non-coding RNA and a critical epigenetic regulation way that have a closed-loop structure and are highly stable, conserved, and tissue-specific, and they play an important role in the development of many diseases, including tumors, neurological diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. CircSMARCA5 is a circRNA formed by its parental gene SMARCA5 via back splicing which is dysregulated in expression in a variety of tumors and is involved in tumor development with dual functions as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. It not only serves as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by binding to various miRNAs, but it also interacts with RNA binding protein (RBP), regulating downstream gene expression; it also aids in DNA damage repair by regulating the transcription and expression of its parental gene. This review systematically summarized the expression and characteristics, dual biological functions, and molecular regulatory mechanisms of circSMARCA5 involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression as well as the potential applications in early diagnosis and gene targeting therapy in tumors.
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Xu X, Zhang J, Tian Y, Gao Y, Dong X, Chen W, Yuan X, Yin W, Xu J, Chen K, He C, Wei L. CircRNA inhibits DNA damage repair by interacting with host gene. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:128. [PMID: 32838810 PMCID: PMC7446195 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulated circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with the development of cancer and therapy resistance. However, functional research of circRNAs mostly focus on potential miRNA or protein binding and more potential regulation of circRNA on host gene DNA in cancers are yet to be inspected. Method We performed total RNA sequencing on clinical breast cancer samples and identified the expression patterns of circRNAs and corresponding host genes in patient blood, tumor and adjacent normal tissues. qPCR, northern blot and in situ hybridization were used to validate the dysregulation of circRNA circSMARCA5. A series of procedures including R-loop dot-blotting, DNA-RNA immunoprecipitation and mass spectrum, etc. were conducted to explore the regulation of circSMARCA5 on the transcription of exon 15 of SMARCA5. Moreover, immunofluorescence and in vivo experiments were executed to investigate the overexpression of circSMARCA5 with drug sensitivities. Results We found that circRNAs has average higher expression over its host linear genes in peripheral blood. Compared to adjacent normal tissues, circSMARCA5 is decreased in breast cancer tissues, contrary to host gene SMARCA5. The enforced expression of circSMARCA5 induced drug sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that circSMARCA5 can bind to its parent gene locus, forming an R-loop, which results in transcriptional pausing at exon 15 of SMARCA5. CircSMARCA5 expression resulted in the downregulation of SMARCA5 and the production of a truncated nonfunctional protein, and the overexpression of circSMARCA5 was sufficient to improve sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs. Conclusion Our results revealed a new regulatory mechanism for circRNA on its host gene and provided evidence that circSMARCA5 may serve as a therapeutic target for drug-resistant breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yihao Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoning Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Weinan Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jinjing Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chunjiang He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China. .,College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Goodwin LR, Picketts DJ. The role of ISWI chromatin remodeling complexes in brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 87:55-64. [PMID: 29249292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian ISWI (Imitation Switch) genes SMARCA1 and SMARCA5 encode the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling proteins SNF2L and SNF2H. The ISWI proteins interact with BAZ (bromodomain adjacent to PHD zinc finger) domain containing proteins to generate eight distinct remodeling complexes. ISWI complex-mediated nucleosome positioning within genes and gene regulatory elements is proving important for the transition from a committed progenitor state to a differentiated cell state. Genetic studies have implicated the involvement of many ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling proteins in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including SMARCA1. Here we review the characterization of mice inactivated for ISWI and their interacting proteins, as it pertains to brain development and disease. A better understanding of chromatin dynamics during neural development is a prerequisite to understanding disease pathologies and the development of therapeutics for these complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Goodwin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Wang CK, Cheng J, Liang XG, Tan C, Jiang Q, Hu YZ, Lu YM, Fukunaga K, Han F, Li X. A H 2O 2-Responsive Theranostic Probe for Endothelial Injury Imaging and Protection. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:3803-3813. [PMID: 29109778 PMCID: PMC5667350 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of H2O2 causes oxidative stress and is the hallmark of vascular diseases. Tracking native H2O2 in the endothelium is therefore indispensable to gain fundamental insights into this pathogenesis. Previous fluorescent probes for H2O2 imaging were generally arylboronates which were decomposed to emissive arylphenols in response to H2O2. Except the issue of specificity challenged by peroxynitrite, boric acid by-produced in this process is actually a waste with unknown biological effects. Therefore, improvements could be envisioned if a therapeutic agent is by-produced instead. Herein, we came up with a "click-to-release-two" strategy and demonstrate that dual functional probes could be devised by linking a fluorophore with a therapeutic agent via a H2O2-responsive bond. As a proof of concept, probe AP consisting of a 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole fluorophore and an aspirin moiety has been prepared and confirmed for its theranostic effects. This probe features high specificity towards H2O2 than other reactive species including peroxynitrite. Its capability to image and ameliorate endothelial injury has been verified both in vitro and in vivo. Noteworthy, as a result of its endothelial-protective effect, AP also works well to reduce thrombosis formation in zebrafish model.
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Phosphorylated HBO1 at UV irradiated sites is essential for nucleotide excision repair. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16102. [PMID: 28719581 PMCID: PMC5520108 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
HBO1, a histone acetyl transferase, is a co-activator of DNA pre-replication complex formation. We recently reported that HBO1 is phosphorylated by ATM and/or ATR and binds to DDB2 after ultraviolet irradiation. Here, we show that phosphorylated HBO1 at cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) sites mediates histone acetylation to facilitate recruitment of XPC at the damaged DNA sites. Furthermore, HBO1 facilitates accumulation of SNF2H and ACF1, an ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complex, to CPD sites. Depletion of HBO1 inhibited repair of CPDs and sensitized cells to ultraviolet irradiation. However, depletion of HBO1 in cells derived from xeroderma pigmentosum patient complementation groups, XPE, XPC and XPA, did not lead to additional sensitivity towards ultraviolet irradiation. Our findings suggest that HBO1 acts in concert with SNF2H-ACF1 to make the chromosome structure more accessible to canonical nucleotide excision repair factors.
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Hou Y, Zhang K, Peng X. gga-miR-99a targets SMARCA5 to regulate Mycoplasma gallisepticum (HS strain) infection by depressing cell proliferation in chicken. Gene 2017; 627:239-247. [PMID: 28652181 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), one of the primary etiological agents of poultry chronic respiratory disease, has caused significant economic losses worldwide, and increasing evidence has recently indicated that miRNAs are involved in its microbial pathogenesis. gga-miR-99a, a member of the miR-99 family, plays an essential role in a variety of diseases. Through miRNA Solexa sequencing, we previously found that gga-miR-99a is significantly down-regulated in the lungs of MG-infected chicken embryos. In this study, we further verified that the expression of gga-miR-99 was significantly down-regulated in both MG-infected lungs and a chicken embryonic fibroblast cell line (DF-1) by qPCR. Moreover, we predicted and validated SMARCA5 as its target gene through a luciferase reporter assay, qPCR, and western blot analysis. The over-expression of gga-miR-99a significantly depressed SMARCA5 expression, whereas a gga-miR-99a inhibitor enhanced the expression of SMARCA5. Inversely, SMARCA5 was significantly up-regulated and gga-miR-99a was obviously down-regulated in MG-HS-infected chicken embryonic lungs and DF-1 cells. At 72h post-transfection, the over-expression of gga-miR-99a significantly repressed the proliferation of DF-1 cells by inhibiting the transition from the G1 phase to the S and G2 phases. This study reveals that gga-miR-99a plays a key role in MG infection through the regulation of SMARCA5 expression and provides new insights regarding the mechanisms of MG pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zaiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Abbotts R, Wilson DM. Coordination of DNA single strand break repair. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:228-244. [PMID: 27890643 PMCID: PMC5443707 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic material of all organisms is susceptible to modification. In some instances, these changes are programmed, such as the formation of DNA double strand breaks during meiotic recombination to generate gamete variety or class switch recombination to create antibody diversity. However, in most cases, genomic damage is potentially harmful to the health of the organism, contributing to disease and aging by promoting deleterious cellular outcomes. A proportion of DNA modifications are caused by exogenous agents, both physical (namely ultraviolet sunlight and ionizing radiation) and chemical (such as benzopyrene, alkylating agents, platinum compounds and psoralens), which can produce numerous forms of DNA damage, including a range of "simple" and helix-distorting base lesions, abasic sites, crosslinks and various types of phosphodiester strand breaks. More significant in terms of frequency are endogenous mechanisms of modification, which include hydrolytic disintegration of DNA chemical bonds, attack by reactive oxygen species and other byproducts of normal cellular metabolism, or incomplete or necessary enzymatic reactions (such as topoisomerases or repair nucleases). Both exogenous and endogenous mechanisms are associated with a high risk of single strand breakage, either produced directly or generated as intermediates of DNA repair. This review will focus upon the creation, consequences and resolution of single strand breaks, with a particular focus on two major coordinating repair proteins: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Abbotts
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Kietzmann T, Petry A, Shvetsova A, Gerhold JM, Görlach A. The epigenetic landscape related to reactive oxygen species formation in the cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1533-1554. [PMID: 28332701 PMCID: PMC5446579 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as damaging molecules but also represent central hubs in cellular signalling networks. Increasing evidence indicates that ROS play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, although the underlying mechanisms and consequences of pathophysiologically elevated ROS in the cardiovascular system are still not completely resolved. More recently, alterations of the epigenetic landscape, which can affect DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, ATP-dependent alterations to chromatin and non-coding RNA transcripts, have been considered to be of increasing importance in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. While it has long been accepted that epigenetic changes are imprinted during development or even inherited and are not changed after reaching the lineage-specific expression profile, it becomes more and more clear that epigenetic modifications are highly dynamic. Thus, they might provide an important link between the actions of ROS and cardiovascular diseases. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of the cardiovascular system. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Andreas Petry
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric CardiologyGerman Heart Center Munich at the TU MunichMunichGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Partner Site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
| | - Antonina Shvetsova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Joachim M Gerhold
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric CardiologyGerman Heart Center Munich at the TU MunichMunichGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Partner Site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
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