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Jena MK, Khan FB, Ali SA, Abdullah A, Sharma AK, Yadav V, Kancharla S, Kolli P, Mandadapu G, Sahoo AK, Rath PK, Taneera J, Kumar S, Mohanty AK, Goh KW, Ming LC, Ardianto C. Molecular complexity of mammary glands development: a review of lactogenic differentiation in epithelial cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:491-508. [PMID: 37694522 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2252872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a dynamic organ with various physiological processes like cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during the pregnancy-lactation-involution cycle. It is essential to understand the molecular changes during the lactogenic differentiation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs, the milk-synthesizing cells). The MECs are organized as luminal milk-secreting cells and basal myoepithelial cells (responsible for milk ejection by contraction) that form the alveoli. The branching morphogenesis and lactogenic differentiation of the MECs prepare the gland for lactation. This process is governed by many molecular mediators including hormones, growth factors, cytokines, miRNAs, regulatory proteins, etc. Interestingly, various signalling pathways guide lactation and understanding these molecular transitions from pregnancy to lactation will help researchers design further research. Manipulation of genes responsible for milk synthesis and secretion will promote augmentation of milk yield in dairy animals. Identifying protein signatures of lactation will help develop strategies for persistent lactation and shortening the dry period in farm animals. The present review article discusses in details the physiological and molecular changes occurring during lactogenic differentiation of MECs and the associated hormones, regulatory proteins, miRNAs, and signalling pathways. An in-depth knowledge of the molecular events will aid in developing engineered cellular models for studies related to mammary gland diseases of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdullah Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Amarish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Anjan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Rath
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | | | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Dong B, Mehran S, Yang Y, Jing H, Liang L, Guo X, Zhang Q. Effect of leptin on the growth and expression of STAT3 in yak mammary epithelial cells. Vet World 2022; 15:2141-2150. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2141-2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Leptin (LEP) is an autocrine and paracrine factor produced by the fat pad and acinar epithelial cells of the breast. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LEP on yak mammary epithelial cells (YMECs) and the expression of STAT3. In addition, we evaluated the possible effects of prolactin (PRL) on the function of LEP.
Materials and Methods: The YMECs were treated with 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 ng/mL LEP for 48 h in the absence of PRL and the presence of 500 ng/mL PRL. The growth activity of YMECs was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay. The changes in the lactation signaling pathway-related factor STAT3 were detected at the mRNA, protein, and protein phosphorylation levels using the reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. To explore whether LEP affects the activation of STAT3 through JAK2/JAK3 in YMECs, the JAK2/3 signaling pathway inhibitor AG490 was used at a fixed concentration of LEP.
Results: Each concentration of LEP significantly promoted the expression of STAT3 mRNA (p < 0.05) in YMECs in the presence of PRL. In the absence of PRL, all concentrations of LEP were found to inhibit the expression of the STAT3 protein (p < 0.05). The expression of the STAT3 protein in YMECs was found to first increase followed by a decrease with an increase in the concentration of LEP. In addition, the phosphorylation level of STAT3 increased in all groups, except the 100 ng/mL concentration group. The STAT3 phosphorylation trend and protein expression were different, such that the level of protein phosphorylation was higher than that of the STAT3 protein (p < 0.05). The addition of AG490 reduced the expression of the STAT3 mRNA, STAT3 protein, and STAT3 phosphorylation in the LEP and LEP + PRL groups.
Conclusion: Altogether, the results indicated that different concentrations of LEP exerted varying effects on the growth of YMECs and the expression of STAT3, and the activity of STAT3 was primarily activated by JAK2. The addition of LEP can effectively inhibit the downregulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway by AG490, mitigate its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of YMECs, and reduce apoptosis. We believe that these findings will provide a theoretical and experimental basis for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxia Dong
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Sidra Mehran
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haixia Jing
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kunlun College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qinwen Zhang
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Liang Y, Gao Q, Wang H, Guo M, Arbab AAI, Nazar M, Li M, Yang Z, Karrow NA, Mao Y. Identification and Characterization of Circular RNAs in Mammary Tissue from Holstein Cows at Early Lactation and Non-Lactation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:478. [PMID: 35327670 PMCID: PMC8946036 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, circular RNAs (circRNAs) from Holstein cow mammary tissues were identified and compared between early lactation and non-lactation. After analysis, 10,684 circRNAs were identified, ranging from 48 to 99,406 bp, and the average size was 882 bp. The circRNAs were mainly distributed on chromosomes 1 to 11, and 89.89% of the circRNAs belonged to sense-overlapping circRNA. The exons contained with circRNAs ranged from 1 to 47 and were concentrated from 1 to 5. Compared with the non-lactating cows, 87 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in the peak lactation cows. There were 68 upregulated circRNAs and 19 downregulated circRNAs. Enrichment analysis of circRNAs showed that GO analysis mainly focused on immune response, triglyceride transport, T cell receptor signaling pathway, etc. Pathway analysis mainly focused on cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, T helper 17 cell differentiation, fatty acid biosynthesis, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, etc. Specific primers were designed for two proximal ends of the circRNA junction sites to allow for PCR validation of four randomly selected circRNAs and carry out circRNA-miRNA interaction research. This study revealed the expression profile and characteristics of circRNAs in mammary tissue from Holstein cows at early lactation and non-lactation, thus providing rich information for the study of circRNA functions and mechanisms, as well as potential candidate miRNA genes for studying lactation in Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Department of Animal Breeding and Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.L.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (M.G.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qisong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Department of Animal Breeding and Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.L.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (M.G.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Department of Animal Breeding and Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.L.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (M.G.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Mengling Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Department of Animal Breeding and Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.L.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (M.G.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Abdelaziz Adam Idriss Arbab
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Department of Animal Breeding and Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.L.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (M.G.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Darfur University College, Nyala 63313, Sudan
| | - Mudasir Nazar
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Department of Animal Breeding and Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.L.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (M.G.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Mingxun Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Department of Animal Breeding and Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.L.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (M.G.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhangping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Department of Animal Breeding and Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.L.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (M.G.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Department of Animal Breeding and Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.L.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (M.G.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.); (M.L.); (Z.Y.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Xing YY, Li DB, Sun M, Zhang H, Hou XZ, Gao M. Effect of hormones on genes related to hormone receptors and milk component synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells grown in two and three dimensional culture system. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1708217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Y. Xing
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - D. B. Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - M. Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - H. Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - X. Z. Hou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - M. Gao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Academy of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, P.R. China
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Palin MF, Farmer C, Duarte CRA. TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM/BOLFA: Adipokines affect mammary growth and function in farm animals. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:5689-5700. [PMID: 29293788 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential role of mammary fat pads in mammary growth and morphogenesis was the first indication that biologically active molecules, secreted from adipocytes or other stromal cells, could regulate endocrine cues for growth and function of the mammary gland. The presence of leptin and adiponectin receptors in mammary tissues suggested that locally produced or circulating adipokines could affect mammary growth and function. Herein, we present the current knowledge on the role of adipokines in mammary cell proliferation and differentiation and in lactogenesis and galactopoiesis in farm animals. We also address the role of milk adipokines in the neonate. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipokines could act as metabolic sensors, regulating mammary growth and function in periods of metabolic adaptations such as late pregnancy and early lactation. Indeed, different experiments reported that adiponectin and leptin expression varies according to physiological stages and nutritional status of the animal. The current review also demonstrates that adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, are important regulators of the action of lactogenic hormones in the mammary gland. Findings also suggest important roles for adipokines in growth and intestinal maturation of the neonate.
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Muroya S, Hagi T, Kimura A, Aso H, Matsuzaki M, Nomura M. Lactogenic hormones alter cellular and extracellular microRNA expression in bovine mammary epithelial cell culture. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:8. [PMID: 26889380 PMCID: PMC4756532 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine milk contains not only a variety of nutritional ingredients but also microRNAs (miRNAs) that are thought to be secreted by the bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). The objective of this study was to elucidate the production of milk-related miRNAs in BMECs under the influence of lactogenic hormones. Results According to a microarray result of milk exosomal miRNAs prior to cellular analyses, a total of 257 miRNAs were detected in a Holstein cow milk. Of these, 18 major miRNAs of interest in the milk were selected for an expression analysis in BMEC culture that was treated with or without dexamethasone, insulin, and prolactin (DIP) to induce a lactogenic differentiation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that the expressions of miR-21–5p (P = 0.005), miR-26a (P = 0.016), and miR-320a (P = 0.011) were lower in the DIP-treated cells than in the untreated cells. In contrast, the expression of miR-339a (P = 0.017) in the cell culture medium were lower in the DIP-treated culture than in the untreated culture. Intriguingly, the miR-148a expression in cell culture medium was elevated by DIP treatment of BMEC culture (P = 0.018). The medium-to-cell expression ratios of miR-103 (P = 0.025), miR-148a (P < 0.001), and miR-223 (P = 0.013) were elevated in the DIP-treated BMECs, suggesting that the lactogenic differentiation-induced secretion of these three miRNAs in BMECs. A bioinformatic analysis showed that the miRNAs down-regulated in the BMECs were associated with the suppression of genes related to transcriptional regulation, protein phosphorylation, and tube development. Conclusion The results suggest that the miRNAs changed by lactogenic hormones are associated with milk protein synthesis, and mammary gland development and maturation. The elevated miR-148a level in DIP-treated BMECs may be associated with its increase in milk during the lactation period of cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Muroya
- Animal Products Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hagi
- Animal Products Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
| | - Ataru Kimura
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Matsuzaki
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori Japan
| | - Masaru Nomura
- Animal Products Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
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Suzuki Y, Haga S, Katoh D, So KH, Choi KC, Jung US, Lee HG, Katoh K, Roh SG. Chemerin is a novel regulator of lactogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:283-8. [PMID: 26342800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin is a chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) produced by adipocytes and hepatocytes; it regulates insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chemerin on the expression of genes related to lactogenesis and the regulators of chemerin signaling in a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). Two types of chemerin receptors, chemokine like-receptor 1 (CMKLR1) and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 2 (CCRL2), were detected in cultured MAC-T cells, whereas chemerin was not detected. G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1), another receptor of chemerin, was undetectable in MAC-T cells. Chemerin upregulated transcript expression of CMKLR1, CCRL2, and genes associated with fatty acid synthesis, glucose uptake, insulin signaling, and casein synthesis in MAC-T cells. Lactogenic hormones (insulin, growth hormone, and prolactin) downregulated the expression of CMKLR1 in MAC-T cells. Adiponectin suppressed CMKLR1 expression. TNF-α suppressed CMKLR1, but induced CCRL2 expression. These data suggest chemerin is a novel regulator of lactogenesis via its own receptor in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Suzuki
- Lab of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haga
- Lab of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Grassland Management Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daiki Katoh
- Lab of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kyoung-ha So
- Lab of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ki-choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - U-suk Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- Lab of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sang-gun Roh
- Lab of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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β-Hydroxybutyric sodium salt inhibition of growth hormone and prolactin secretion via the cAMP/PKA/CREB and AMPK signaling pathways in dairy cow anterior pituitary cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4265-80. [PMID: 25690038 PMCID: PMC4346956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16024265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) regulates the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), but its mechanism is unknown. In this study, we detected the effects of BHBA on the activities of G protein signaling pathways, AMPK-α activity, GH, and PRL gene transcription, and GH and PRL secretion in dairy cow anterior pituitary cells (DCAPCs). The results showed that BHBA decreased intracellular cAMP levels and a subsequent reduction in protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Inhibition of PKA activity reduced cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting GH and PRL transcription and secretion. The effects of BHBA were attenuated by a specific Gαi inhibitor, pertussis toxin (PTX). In addition, intracellular BHBA uptake mediated by monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) could trigger AMPK signaling and result in the decrease in GH and PRL mRNA translation in DCAPCs cultured under low-glucose and non-glucose condition when compared with the high-glucose group. This study identifies a biochemical mechanism for the regulatory action of BHBA on GH and PRL gene transcription, translation, and secretion in DCAPCs, which may be one of the factors that regulate pituitary function during the transition period in dairy cows.
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Yonekura S, Miyazaki H, Tokutake Y. Comparative Expression Profiling of Lactogenic Hormone Receptor and It’s Signaling Molecules of Bovine Mammary Glands during lactation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2015.52013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Short-chain fatty acids inhibit growth hormone and prolactin gene transcription via cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway in dairy cow anterior pituitary cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21474-88. [PMID: 24177567 PMCID: PMC3856016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141121474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a key role in altering carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, influence endocrine pancreas activity, and as a precursor of ruminant milk fat. However, the effect and detailed mechanisms by which SCFAs mediate bovine growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) gene transcription remain unclear. In this study, we detected the effects of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) on the activity of the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway, GH, PRL, and Pit-1 gene transcription in dairy cow anterior pituitary cells (DCAPCs). The results showed that SCFAs decreased intracellular cAMP levels and a subsequent reduction in PKA activity. Inhibition of PKA activity decreased CREB phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting GH and PRL gene transcription. Furthermore, PTX blocked SCFAs- inhibited cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. These data showed that the inhibition of GH and PRL gene transcription induced by SCFAs is mediated by Gi activation and that propionate is more potent than acetate and butyrate in inhibiting GH and PRL gene transcription. In conclusion, this study identifies a biochemical mechanism for the regulation of SCFAs on bovine GH and PRL gene transcription in DCAPCs, which may serve as one of the factors that regulate pituitary function in accordance with dietary intake.
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Wang JF, Fu SP, Li SN, Yang ZQ, Xue WJ, Li ZQ, Wang W, Liu JX. Establishment and characterization of dairy cow growth hormone secreting anterior pituitary cell model. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:103-10. [PMID: 24052473 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A dairy cow anterior pituitary cell (DCAPC) model was established in vitro for the study of growth hormone (GH) synthesis and secretion in the anterior pituitary gland of the dairy cow. Pituitary glands were obtained from Holstein dairy cows' heads cut by electric saw, and the posterior pituitary glands were removed to obtain integrated anterior pituitary glands. Immunohistochemistry assay of GH in the anterior pituitary glands showed that most somatotrophs were located within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary. Tissues of the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary were dispersed and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The DCAPCs displayed a monolayer, cobblestone, epithelial-like morphology which are the typical characteristics of the anterior pituitary cells. The DCAPCs were subcultured continuously over ten passages. GH immunoreactivity was present in DCAPCs at passage 10. The transcription of the bovine GH mRNA in DCAPCs at passage 10 was decreased to below 50% compared with the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary tissues. Thus, our DCAPCs model is effective for the in vitro examination of GH synthesis and secretion in the dairy cow anterior pituitary gland. The effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on the expression of GH mRNA in DCAPCs at passage 3 were also investigated. There were no obvious changes in transcription of the GH gene after treatment with TGF-β1 for 24 h, while IFN-γ increased transcription of the GH gene in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fa Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
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Yonekura S, Tokutake Y, Hirota S, Rose MT, Katoh K, Aso H. Proliferating bovine intramuscular preadipocyte cells synthesize leptin. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 45:33-7. [PMID: 23623201 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is thought to be not only a satiety factor but also a stimulator of angiogenesis. We examined leptin, PPARγ2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in bovine intramuscular preadipocyte (BIP) cells during proliferation. The cells were seeded at 0.85 × 10(4) cells/cm(2) and collected every day until the fifth day after passage. Leptin mRNA was present in the cells between days 2 and 4, as indicated by RT-PCR analysis. Western blot analysis showed a band for leptin at approximately 16 kDa on all of the days during growth, and the cytoplasmic concentration of leptin was highest on day 2 and decreased gradually thereafter. A PPARγ2 band at approximately 54 kDa was also observed on all days. The concentration was highest on day 2 and decreased thereafter, which is similar to the expression pattern of leptin. In constant, the expression level of VEGF protein did not change while in culture. We have demonstrated that BIP cells can synthesize both leptin and PPARγ2, with maximal synthesis occurring during maximal proliferation. Given the role of leptin in angiogenesis, we speculate that leptin is involved in the neovascularization of adipose tissue, because new organization of adipose tissue requires the growth of new blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yonekura
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
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Sakamoto K, Yano T, Kobayashi T, Hagino A, Aso H, Obara Y. Growth hormone suppresses the expression of IGFBP-5, and promotes the IGF-I-induced phosphorylation of Akt in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2007; 32:260-72. [PMID: 16698222 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) plays a specific role to inhibit apoptosis in the bovine mammary gland through the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I system, however, the mechanism of GH action is poorly understood. In this study, we show that GH dramatically inhibits the expression of IGFBP-5, and GH along with IGF-I enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt through the reduction of IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-5. To determine how GH affects Akt through IGF-I in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), we examined the phosphorylation of Akt in GH treated BMECs and found that IGF-I induced phosphorylation of Akt was significantly enhanced by the treatment with GH. We demonstrated that GH reduces mRNA and protein expression of IGFBP-5 in BMECs, but it does not affect the expression of IGFBP-3. To determine that the enhanced effect of the Akt phosphorylation by the treatment of GH is due to the inhibition of the expression of IGFBP-5, we examined the effect of IGFBP-3 and -5 on the phosphorylation of Akt through IGF-I in the GH-treated BMECs. The phosphorylation of Akt was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner when IGFBP-5 was added at varying concentrations and was also inhibited in the presence of IGFBP-3. The results of this study suggest that GH plays an important role on mammary gland involution in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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