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Xia R, Shi S, Xu Z, Vischer HF, Windhorst AD, Qian Y, Duan Y, Liang J, Chen K, Zhang A, Guo C, Leurs R, He Y. Structural basis of ligand recognition and design of antihistamines targeting histamine H 4 receptor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2493. [PMID: 38509098 PMCID: PMC10954740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) plays key role in immune cell function and is a highly valued target for treating allergic and inflammatory diseases. However, structural information of H4R remains elusive. Here, we report four cryo-EM structures of H4R/Gi complexes, with either histamine or synthetic agonists clobenpropit, VUF6884 and clozapine bound. Combined with mutagenesis, ligand binding and functional assays, the structural data reveal a distinct ligand binding mode where D943.32 and a π-π network determine the orientation of the positively charged group of ligands, while E1825.46, located at the opposite end of the ligand binding pocket, plays a key role in regulating receptor activity. The structural insight into H4R ligand binding allows us to identify mutants at E1825.46 for which the agonist clobenpropit acts as an inverse agonist and to correctly predict inverse agonism of a closely related analog with nanomolar potency. Together with the findings regarding receptor activation and Gi engagement, we establish a framework for understanding H4R signaling and provide a rational basis for designing novel antihistamines targeting H4R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Xia
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenmei Xu
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Henry F Vischer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yu Qian
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yaning Duan
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jiale Liang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Changyou Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Rob Leurs
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Yuanzheng He
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Matter Behave in Space Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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2
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Burchett JR, Dailey JM, Kee SA, Pryor DT, Kotha A, Kankaria RA, Straus DB, Ryan JJ. Targeting Mast Cells in Allergic Disease: Current Therapies and Drug Repurposing. Cells 2022; 11:3031. [PMID: 36230993 PMCID: PMC9564111 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of allergic disease has grown tremendously in the past three generations. While current treatments are effective for some, there is considerable unmet need. Mast cells are critical effectors of allergic inflammation. Their secreted mediators and the receptors for these mediators have long been the target of allergy therapy. Recent drugs have moved a step earlier in mast cell activation, blocking IgE, IL-4, and IL-13 interactions with their receptors. In this review, we summarize the latest therapies targeting mast cells as well as new drugs in clinical trials. In addition, we offer support for repurposing FDA-approved drugs to target mast cells in new ways. With a multitude of highly selective drugs available for cancer, autoimmunity, and metabolic disorders, drug repurposing offers optimism for the future of allergy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John J. Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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3
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Watanabe M, Kobayashi T, Ito Y, Fukuda H, Yamada S, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Design and synthesis of histamine H 3/H 4 receptor ligands with a cyclopropane scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3630-3633. [PMID: 30385161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously designed and synthesized a series of histamine analogues with an imidazolylcyclopropane scaffold and identified potent non-selective antagonists for histamine H3 and H4 receptor subtypes. In this study, to develop H4 selective ligands, we newly designed and synthesized cyclopropane-based derivatives having an indole, benzimidazole, or piperazine structure, which are components of representative H4 selective antagonists such as JNJ7777120 and JNJ10191584. Among the synthesized derivatives, imidazolylcyclopropanes 12 and 13 conjugated with a benzimidazole showed binding affinity to the H3 and H4 receptors comparable to that of a well-known non-selective H3/H4 antagonist, thioperamide. These results suggest that the binding modes of the cyclopropane-based H3/H4 ligands in the H4 receptor can be different from those of the indole/benzimidazole-piperazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ito
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hayato Fukuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shizuo Yamada
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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4
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Levoin N, Labeeuw O, Billot X, Calmels T, Danvy D, Krief S, Berrebi-Bertrand I, Lecomte JM, Schwartz JC, Capet M. Discovery of nanomolar ligands with novel scaffolds for the histamine H4 receptor by virtual screening. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:565-572. [PMID: 27718472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of histamine H4 receptor (H4R) in immune cells chemotaxis and mediator release makes it an attractive target for the treatment of inflammation disorders. A decade of medicinal chemistry efforts has led to several promising ligands, although the chemical structures described so far possesses a singular limited diversity. We report here the discovery of novel structures, belonging to completely different scaffolds. The virtual screening was planed as a two-steps process. First, using a "scout screening" methodology, we have experimentally probed the H4R ligand binding site using a small size chemical library with very diverse structures, and identified a hit that further assist us in refining a raw 3D homology model. Second, the refined 3D model was used to conduct a widened virtual screening. This two-steps strategy proved to be very successful, both in terms of structural diversity and hit rate (23%). Moreover, the hits have high affinity for the H4R, with most potent ligands in the nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Levoin
- Bioprojet-Biotech, 4rue du Chesnay Beauregard, 35762 Saint-Gregoire Cedex, France.
| | - Olivier Labeeuw
- Bioprojet-Biotech, 4rue du Chesnay Beauregard, 35762 Saint-Gregoire Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Billot
- Bioprojet-Biotech, 4rue du Chesnay Beauregard, 35762 Saint-Gregoire Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Calmels
- Bioprojet-Biotech, 4rue du Chesnay Beauregard, 35762 Saint-Gregoire Cedex, France
| | - Denis Danvy
- Bioprojet-Biotech, 4rue du Chesnay Beauregard, 35762 Saint-Gregoire Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Krief
- Bioprojet-Biotech, 4rue du Chesnay Beauregard, 35762 Saint-Gregoire Cedex, France
| | | | - Jeanne-Marie Lecomte
- Bioprojet-Biotech, 4rue du Chesnay Beauregard, 35762 Saint-Gregoire Cedex, France
| | | | - Marc Capet
- Bioprojet-Biotech, 4rue du Chesnay Beauregard, 35762 Saint-Gregoire Cedex, France
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5
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Yoneyama H, Yamamoto D, Yamatodani A, Harusawa S. Efficient Approaches to <i>S</i>-alkyl-<i>N</i>-alkylisothioureas and Application to Novel Histamine H<sub>3</sub>R Antagonists. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:1217-32. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yoneyama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | | | | - Shinya Harusawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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6
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Geyer R, Nordemann U, Strasser A, Wittmann HJ, Buschauer A. Conformational Restriction and Enantioseparation Increase Potency and Selectivity of Cyanoguanidine-Type Histamine H4 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3452-70. [PMID: 27007611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Cyano-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butyl]-3-[2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl]guanidine (UR-PI376, 1) is a potent and selective agonist of the human histamine H4 receptor (hH4R). To gain information on the active conformation, we synthesized analogues of 1 with a cyclopentane-1,3-diyl linker. Affinities and functional activities were determined at recombinant hHxR (x: 1-4) subtypes on Sf9 cell membranes (radioligand binding, [(35)S]GTPγS, or GTPase assays) and in part in luciferase assays on human or mouse H4R (HEK-293 cells). The most potent H4R agonists among 14 racemates were separated by chiral HPLC, yielding eight enantiomerically pure compounds. Configurations were assigned based on X-ray structures of intermediates and a stereocontrolled synthetic pathway. (+)-2-Cyano-1-{[trans-(1S,3S)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopentyl]methyl}-3-[2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl]guanidine ((1S,3S)-UR-RG98, 39a) was the most potent H4R agonist in this series (EC50 11 nM; H4R vs H3R, >100-fold selectivity; H1R, H2R, negligible activities), whereas the optical antipode proved to be an H4R antagonist ([(35)S]GTPγS assay). MD simulations confirmed differential stabilization of the active and inactive H4R state by the enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Geyer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Nordemann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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7
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Mocking TAM, Bosma R, Rahman SN, Verweij EWE, McNaught-Flores DA, Vischer HF, Leurs R. Molecular Aspects of Histamine Receptors. HISTAMINE RECEPTORS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40308-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Deiteren A, De Man JG, Pelckmans PA, De Winter BY. Histamine H₄ receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1165-78. [PMID: 25363289 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a well-established mediator involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms and exerts its effect through activation of four histamine receptors (H1-H₄). The histamine H₄ receptor is the newest member of this histamine receptor family, and is expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract as well as in the liver, pancreas and bile ducts. Functional studies using a combination of selective and non-selective H₄ receptor ligands have rapidly increased our knowledge of H₄ receptor involvement in gastrointestinal processes both under physiological conditions and in models of disease. Strong evidence points towards a role for H₄ receptors in the modulation of immune-mediated responses in gut inflammation such as in colitis, ischaemia/reperfusion injury, radiation-induced enteropathy and allergic gut reactions. In addition, data have emerged implicating H₄ receptors in gastrointestinal cancerogenesis, sensory signalling, and visceral pain as well as in gastric ulceration. These studies highlight the potential of H₄ receptor targeted therapy in the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deiteren
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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9
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Istyastono EP, Kooistra AJ, Vischer HF, Kuijer M, Roumen L, Nijmeijer S, Smits RA, de Esch IJP, Leurs R, de Graaf C. Structure-based virtual screening for fragment-like ligands of the G protein-coupled histamine H4 receptor. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00022j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based virtual screening using H1R- and β2R-based histamine H4R homology models identified 9 fragments with an affinity ranging from 0.14 to 6.3 μm for H4R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enade P. Istyastono
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS)
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Albert J. Kooistra
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS)
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Henry F. Vischer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS)
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Martien Kuijer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS)
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Luc Roumen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS)
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Saskia Nijmeijer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS)
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | | | - Iwan J. P. de Esch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS)
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS)
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS)
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
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Corrêa MF, dos Santos Fernandes JP. Histamine H4 receptor ligands: future applications and state of art. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:461-80. [PMID: 25228262 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is a chemical transmitter found practically in whole organism and exerts its effects through the interaction with H1 to H4 histaminergic receptors. Specifically, H4 receptors are found mainly in immune cells and blood-forming tissues, thus are involved in inflammatory and immune processes, as well as some actions in central nervous system. Therefore, H4 receptor ligands can have applications in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and immune diseases and may be novel therapeutic option in these conditions. Several H4 receptor ligands have been described from early 2000's until nowadays, being imidazole, indolecarboxamide, 2-aminopyrimidine, quinazoline, and quinoxaline scaffolds the most explored and discussed in this review. Moreover, several studies of molecular modeling using homology models of H4 receptor and QSAR data of the ligands are summarized. The increasing and promising therapeutic applications are leading these compounds to clinical trials, which probably will be part of the next generation of blockbuster drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fidelis Corrêa
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
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11
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Pappalardo M, Shachaf N, Basile L, Milardi D, Zeidan M, Raiyn J, Guccione S, Rayan A. Sequential application of ligand and structure based modeling approaches to index chemicals for their hH4R antagonism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109340. [PMID: 25330207 PMCID: PMC4199621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human histamine H4 receptor (hH4R), a member of the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) family, is an increasingly attractive drug target. It plays a key role in many cell pathways and many hH4R ligands are studied for the treatment of several inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune disorders, as well as for analgesic activity. Due to the challenging difficulties in the experimental elucidation of hH4R structure, virtual screening campaigns are normally run on homology based models. However, a wealth of information about the chemical properties of GPCR ligands has also accumulated over the last few years and an appropriate combination of these ligand-based knowledge with structure-based molecular modeling studies emerges as a promising strategy for computer-assisted drug design. Here, two chemoinformatics techniques, the Intelligent Learning Engine (ILE) and Iterative Stochastic Elimination (ISE) approach, were used to index chemicals for their hH4R bioactivity. An application of the prediction model on external test set composed of more than 160 hH4R antagonists picked from the chEMBL database gave enrichment factor of 16.4. A virtual high throughput screening on ZINC database was carried out, picking ∼ 4000 chemicals highly indexed as H4R antagonists' candidates. Next, a series of 3D models of hH4R were generated by molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations performed in fully atomistic lipid membranes. The efficacy of the hH4R 3D models in discrimination between actives and non-actives were checked and the 3D model with the best performance was chosen for further docking studies performed on the focused library. The output of these docking studies was a consensus library of 11 highly active scored drug candidates. Our findings suggest that a sequential combination of ligand-based chemoinformatics approaches with structure-based ones has the potential to improve the success rate in discovering new biologically active GPCR drugs and increase the enrichment factors in a synergistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nir Shachaf
- Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka El-Garbiah, Israel
| | - Livia Basile
- Etnalead s.r.l., Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Danilo Milardi
- National Research Council, Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Catania, Italy
| | - Mouhammed Zeidan
- Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka El-Garbiah, Israel
| | - Jamal Raiyn
- Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka El-Garbiah, Israel
| | - Salvatore Guccione
- Etnalead s.r.l., Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Anwar Rayan
- Drug Discovery Informatics Lab, QRC-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka El-Garbiah, Israel
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12
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Sadek B, Schreeb A, Schwed JS, Weizel L, Stark H. Drug-likeness approach of 2-aminopyrimidines as histamine H3 receptor ligands. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1499-513. [PMID: 25278747 PMCID: PMC4179762 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s66179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A small series of compounds containing derivatives of 2,4-diamino- and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (compounds 2–7) was synthesized and tested for binding affinity to human histamine H3 receptors (hH3Rs) stably expressed in HEK-293 cells and human H4Rs (hH4Rs) co-expressed with Gαi2 and Gβ1γ2 subunits in Sf9 cells. Working in part from the lead compound 6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-N4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (compound 1) with unsatisfactory affinity and selectivity to hH3Rs, our structure-activity relationship studies revealed that replacement of 4-methylpiperazino by N-benzylamine and substitution of an amine group at the 2-position of the 2-aminopyrimidine core structure with 3-piperidinopropoxyphenyl moiety as an hH3R pharmacophore resulted in N4-benzyl-N2-(4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (compound 5) with high hH3R affinity (ki =4.49±1.25 nM) and H3R receptor subtype selectivity of more than 6,500×. Moreover, initial metric analyses were conducted based on their target-oriented drug-likeness for predictively quantifying lipophilicity, ligand efficiency, lipophilicity-dependent ligand efficiency, molecular size-independent efficiency, and topological molecular polar surface. As to the development of potential H3R ligands, results showed that integration of the hH3R pharmacophore in hH4R-affine structural scaffolds resulted in compounds with high hH3R affinity (4.5–650 nM), moderate to low hH4R affinity (4,500–30,000 nM), receptor subtype selectivity (ratio hH4R/hH3R; 8–6,500), and promising calculated drug-likeness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Annemarie Schreeb
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Stephan Schwed
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany ; Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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13
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Kooistra AJ, Kuhne S, de Esch IJP, Leurs R, de Graaf C. A structural chemogenomics analysis of aminergic GPCRs: lessons for histamine receptor ligand design. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:101-26. [PMID: 23713847 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chemogenomics focuses on the discovery of new connections between chemical and biological space leading to the discovery of new protein targets and biologically active molecules. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a particularly interesting protein family for chemogenomics studies because there is an overwhelming amount of ligand binding affinity data available. The increasing number of aminergic GPCR crystal structures now for the first time allows the integration of chemogenomics studies with high-resolution structural analyses of GPCR-ligand complexes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, we have combined ligand affinity data, receptor mutagenesis studies, and amino acid sequence analyses to high-resolution structural analyses of (hist)aminergic GPCR-ligand interactions. This integrated structural chemogenomics analysis is used to more accurately describe the molecular and structural determinants of ligand affinity and selectivity in different key binding regions of the crystallized aminergic GPCRs, and histamine receptors in particular. KEY RESULTS Our investigations highlight interesting correlations and differences between ligand similarity and ligand binding site similarity of different aminergic receptors. Apparent discrepancies can be explained by combining detailed analysis of crystallized or predicted protein-ligand binding modes, receptor mutation studies, and ligand structure-selectivity relationships that identify local differences in essential pharmacophore features in the ligand binding sites of different receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have performed structural chemogenomics studies that identify links between (hist)aminergic receptor ligands and their binding sites and binding modes. This knowledge can be used to identify structure-selectivity relationships that increase our understanding of ligand binding to (hist)aminergic receptors and hence can be used in future GPCR ligand discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Kooistra
- Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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A comparison of histamine effects on the sympathetic neurotransmission of testicular capsule and rat vas deferens. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:719-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Savall BM, Chavez F, Tays K, Dunford PJ, Cowden JM, Hack MD, Wolin RL, Thurmond RL, Edwards JP. Discovery and SAR of 6-alkyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidines as histamine H₄ receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2429-39. [PMID: 24495018 DOI: 10.1021/jm401727m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report discloses the discovery and SAR of a series of 6-alkyl-2-aminopyrimidine derived histamine H4 antagonists that led to the development of JNJ 39758979, which has been studied in phase II clinical trials in asthma and atopic dermatitis. Building on our SAR studies of saturated derivatives from the indole carboxamide series, typified by JNJ 7777120, and incorporating knowledge from the tricyclic pyrimidines led us to the 6-alkyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine series. A focused medicinal chemistry effort delivered several 6-alkyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidines that behaved as antagonists at both the human and rodent H4 receptor. Further optimization led to a panel of antagonists that were profiled in animal models of inflammatory disease. On the basis of the preclinical profile and efficacy in several animal models, JNJ 39758979 was selected as a clinical candidate; however, further development was halted during phase II because of the observation of drug-induced agranulocytosis (DIAG) in two subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad M Savall
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC , 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Geyer R, Igel P, Kaske M, Elz S, Buschauer A. Synthesis, SAR and selectivity of 2-acyl- and 2-cyano-1-hetarylalkyl-guanidines at the four histamine receptor subtypes: a bioisosteric approach. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00245d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Harusawa S, Sawada K, Magata T, Yoneyama H, Araki L, Usami Y, Hatano K, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto D, Yamatodani A. Synthesis and evaluation of N-alkyl-S-[3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl]isothioureas: High affinity and human/rat species-selective histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6415-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Geyer R, Kaske M, Baumeister P, Buschauer A. Synthesis and functional characterization of imbutamine analogs as histamine H3 and H4 receptor ligands. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 347:77-88. [PMID: 24493592 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Imbutamine (4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butanamine) is a potent histamine H3 (H3R) and H4 receptor (H4R) agonist (EC50 values: 3 and 66 nM, respectively). Aiming at improved selectivity for the H4R, the imidazole ring in imbutamine was methyl-substituted or replaced by various differently substituted heterocycles (1,2,3-triazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles, pyridines, pyrimidines) as potential bioisosteres. Investigations in [(35)S]GTPγS binding assays using membranes of Sf9 insect cells expressing the respective human histamine receptor subtype revealed only very weak activity of most of the synthesized hetarylalkylamines at both receptors. By contrast, the introduction of substituents at the 4-imidazolyl ring was most effective regarding H4R selectivity. This holds for methyl substitution in position 2 and, especially, in position 5. 5-Methylimbutamine (H4R: EC50 = 59 nM, α = 0.8) was equipotent with imbutamine at the hH4R, but revealed about 16-fold selectivity for the hH4R compared to the hH3R (EC50 980 nM, α = 0.36), whereas imbutamine preferred the hH3R. The functional activities were in agreement with radioligand binding data. The results support the hypothesis that, by analogy with histamine, methyl substitution in histamine homologs offers a way to shift the selectivity in favor of the H4R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Geyer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Nijmeijer S, Engelhardt H, Schultes S, van de Stolpe AC, Lusink V, de Graaf C, Wijtmans M, Haaksma EEJ, de Esch IJP, Stachurski K, Vischer HF, Leurs R. Design and pharmacological characterization of VUF14480, a covalent partial agonist that interacts with cysteine 98(3.36) of the human histamine H₄ receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:89-100. [PMID: 23347159 PMCID: PMC3764852 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The recently proposed binding mode of 2-aminopyrimidines to the human (h) histamine H₄ receptor suggests that the 2-amino group of these ligands interacts with glutamic acid residue E182(5.46) in the transmembrane (TM) helix 5 of this receptor. Interestingly, substituents at the 2-position of this pyrimidine are also in close proximity to the cysteine residue C98(3.36) in TM3. We hypothesized that an ethenyl group at this position will form a covalent bond with C98(3.36) by functioning as a Michael acceptor. A covalent pyrimidine analogue will not only prove this proposed binding mode, but will also provide a valuable tool for H4 receptor research. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We designed and synthesized VUF14480, and pharmacologically characterized this compound in hH4 receptor radioligand binding, G protein activation and β-arrestin2 recruitment experiments. The ability of VUF14480 to act as a covalent binder was assessed both chemically and pharmacologically. KEY RESULTS VUF14480 was shown to be a partial agonist of hH4 receptor-mediated G protein signalling and β-arrestin2 recruitment. VUF14480 bound covalently to the hH₄ receptor with submicromolar affinity. Serine substitution of C98(3.36) prevented this covalent interaction. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS VUF14480 is thought to bind covalently to the hH₄ receptor-C98(3.36) residue and partially induce hH₄ receptor-mediated G protein activation and β-arrestin2 recruitment. Moreover, these observations confirm our previously proposed binding mode of 2-aminopyrimidines. VUF14480 will be a useful tool to stabilize the receptor into an active confirmation and further investigate the structure of the active hH₄ receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nijmeijer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Engelhardt
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KGVienna, Austria
| | - S Schultes
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KGVienna, Austria
| | - A C van de Stolpe
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Lusink
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Wijtmans
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E E J Haaksma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KGVienna, Austria
| | - I J P de Esch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Stachurski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KGVienna, Austria
| | - H F Vischer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands
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Funke U, Vugts DJ, Janssen B, Spaans A, Kruijer PS, Lammertsma AA, Perk LR, Windhorst AD. 11C-labeled and18F-labeled PET ligands for subtype-specific imaging of histamine receptors in the brain. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:120-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Location Radionuclide Center; De Boelelaan 1085c; 1081; HV; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Bieneke Janssen
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Location Radionuclide Center; De Boelelaan 1085c; 1081; HV; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | | | - Perry S. Kruijer
- BV Cyclotron VU; De Boelelaan 1081; 1081; HV; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A. Lammertsma
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Location Radionuclide Center; De Boelelaan 1085c; 1081; HV; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Lars R. Perk
- BV Cyclotron VU; De Boelelaan 1081; 1081; HV; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine; Location Radionuclide Center; De Boelelaan 1085c; 1081; HV; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
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21
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Schultes S, Nijmeijer S, Engelhardt H, Kooistra AJ, Vischer HF, de Esch IJP, Haaksma EEJ, Leurs R, de Graaf C. Mapping histamine H4 receptor–ligand binding modes. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20212c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Computational prediction of ligand binding modes in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remains a challenging task. Systematic consideration of different protein modelling templates, ligand binding poses, and ligand protonation states in extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies enabled the prediction of ligand-specific mutation effects in the histamine H4 receptor, a key player in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schultes
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Saskia Nijmeijer
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Harald Engelhardt
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Albert J. Kooistra
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Henry F. Vischer
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Iwan J. P. de Esch
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Eric E. J. Haaksma
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Rob Leurs
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacochemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
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22
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de Graaf C, Vischer HF, de Kloe GE, Kooistra AJ, Nijmeijer S, Kuijer M, Verheij MHP, England PJ, van Muijlwijk-Koezen JE, Leurs R, de Esch IJP. Small and colorful stones make beautiful mosaics: fragment-based chemogenomics. Drug Discov Today 2012; 18:323-30. [PMID: 23266367 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Smaller stones with a wide variety of colors make a higher resolution mosaic. In much the same way, smaller chemical entities that are structurally diverse are better able to interrogate protein binding sites. This feature article describes the construction of a diverse fragment library and an analysis of the screening of six representative protein targets belonging to three diverse target classes (G protein-coupled receptors ADRB2, H1R, H3R, and H4R, the ligand-gated ion channel 5-HT3R, and the kinase PKA) using chemogenomics approaches. The integration of experimentally determined bioaffinity profiles across related and unrelated protein targets and chemogenomics analysis of fragment binding and protein structure allow the identification of: (i) unexpected similarities and differences in ligand binding properties, and (ii) subtle ligand affinity and selectivity cliffs. With a wealth of fragment screening data being generated in industry and academia, such approaches will contribute to a more detailed structural understanding of ligand-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Christopher F, Thangam EB, Suresh MX. A Bioinformatics Search for Selective Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonists Through Structure-Based Virtual Screening Strategies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:749-59. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Ligand based design of novel histamine H4 receptor antagonists; fragment optimization and analysis of binding kinetics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:461-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Lane CA, Hay D, Mowbray CE, Paradowski M, Selby MD, Swain NA, Williams DH. Synthesis of novel histamine H4 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1156-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Adami M, Pozzoli C, Menozzi A, Bertini S, Passeri B, Cantoni AM, Smits R, de Esch I, Leurs R, Coruzzi G. Effects of Histamine H4 Receptor Ligands in a Mouse Model of Gastric Ulceration. Pharmacology 2012; 89:287-94. [DOI: 10.1159/000337736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Istyastono EP, Nijmeijer S, Lim HD, van de Stolpe A, Roumen L, Kooistra AJ, Vischer HF, de Esch IJP, Leurs R, de Graaf C. Molecular determinants of ligand binding modes in the histamine H(4) receptor: linking ligand-based three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models to in silico guided receptor mutagenesis studies. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8136-47. [PMID: 22003888 DOI: 10.1021/jm201042n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H(4) receptor (H(4)R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays an important role in inflammation. Similar to the homologous histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R), two acidic residues in the H(4)R binding pocket, D(3.32) and E(5.46), act as essential hydrogen bond acceptors of positively ionizable hydrogen bond donors in H(4)R ligands. Given the symmetric distribution of these complementary pharmacophore features in H(4)R and its ligands, different alternative ligand binding mode hypotheses have been proposed. The current study focuses on the elucidation of the molecular determinants of H(4)R-ligand binding modes by combining (3D) quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), protein homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and site-directed mutagenesis studies. We have designed and synthesized a series of clobenpropit (N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-S-[3-(4(5)-imidazolyl)propyl]isothiourea) derivatives to investigate H(4)R-ligand interactions and ligand binding orientations. Interestingly, our studies indicate that clobenpropit (2) itself can bind to H(4)R in two distinct binding modes, while the addition of a cyclohexyl group to the clobenpropit isothiourea moiety allows VUF5228 (5) to adopt only one specific binding mode in the H(4)R binding pocket. Our ligand-steered, experimentally supported protein modeling method gives new insights into ligand recognition by H(4)R and can be used as a general approach to elucidate the structure of protein-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enade P Istyastono
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kuhne S, Wijtmans M, Lim HD, Leurs R, de Esch IJP. Several down, a few to go: histamine H3 receptor ligands making the final push towards the market? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 20:1629-48. [PMID: 21992603 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.625010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) plays a pivotal role in a plethora of therapeutic areas. Blocking the H(3)R with antagonists/inverse agonists has been postulated to be of broad therapeutic use. Indeed, H(3)R antagonists/inverse agonists have been extensively evaluated in the clinic. AREAS COVERED Here, we address new developments, insights obtained and challenges encountered in the clinical evaluations. For recent H(3)R clinical candidates, the status and results of the corresponding clinical trial(s) will be discussed along with preclinical data. MAIN FINDINGS In all, it becomes evident that clinical evaluation of H(3)R antagonists/inverse agonists is characterized by mixed results. On one hand, Pitolisant has successfully passed several Phase II trials and seems to be the most advanced compound in the clinic now, being in Phase III. On the other hand, some compounds (e.g., PF-03654647 and MK-0249) failed at Phase II clinical level for several indications. EXPERT OPINION A challenging feature in H(3)R research is the multifaceted role of the receptor at a molecular/biochemical level, which can complicate targeting by small molecules at several (pre)clinical levels. Accordingly, H(3)R antagonists/inverse agonists require further testing to pinpoint the determinants for clinical efficacy and to aid in the final push towards the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Kuhne
- VU University Amsterdam, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacochemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Geyer R, Buschauer A. Synthesis and histamine H(3) and H(4) receptor activity of conformationally restricted cyanoguanidines related to UR-PI376. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:775-85. [PMID: 21987304 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we identified highly potent agonists of the human histamine H(4) receptor (hH(4) R) among a series of imidazolylbutylcyanoguanidines. Aiming at improved selectivity for the hH(4) R relative to the H(3) receptor (hH(3) R), the flexible tetramethylene linker connecting imidazole ring and cyanoguanidine group was replaced by conformationally restricted carbocycles. Introduction of a para- or a meta-phenylene spacer yielded only very weakly active compounds at both hH(3) R and hH(4) R (investigated in [(35) S]GTPγS binding assays using Sf9 insect cell membranes expressing hH(x) R subtypes). By contrast, the incorporation of a more flexible cyclohexane-1,4-diyl linker resulted in EC(50) or K(B) values ≥110 nM at hH(4) R and hH(3) R. Quality of action, potency and receptor subtype selectivity of the investigated compounds depend on the stereochemistry: Cis-configured diastereomers prefer the hH(4) R and are partial agonists, whereas trans-isomers are antagonists at the hH(4) R. At the hH(3) R the trans-diastereomers are superior to the cis-isomers by a factor of 10. The results on imidazolylcycloalkylcyanoguanidines suggest that variation of ring size and optimization of the stereochemistry may be useful to increase the potency and selectivity of hH(4) R agonists relative to the hH(3) R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Geyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M. Marson
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H OAJ, United Kingdom
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31
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Coruzzi G, Adami M, Pozzoli C, de Esch IJP, Smits R, Leurs R. Selective histamine H₃ and H₄ receptor agonists exert opposite effects against the gastric lesions induced by HCl in the rat stomach. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 669:121-7. [PMID: 21839070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of histamine H(3) and H(4) receptors in gastric mucosal defense, by the use of selective ligands. Firstly, the affinities of several histaminergic agonists for the rat histamine H(3) and H(4) receptors were checked in HEK 293T cells transfected with either receptor subtype. Next, functional activities were determined in conscious rat against the ulcerogenic effect of 0.6N HCl. Radioligand binding studies showed that immethridine and methimepip were the most selective agonists at rat H(3) receptors, whereas VUF10460 displayed approximately a 50-fold selectivity for the rat H(4) receptor over the H(3) receptor. In conscious rats, immethridine and methimepip significantly reduced (66% and 48% inhibition, respectively) the gastric lesions induced by HCl; the effect of immethridine was antagonized by the H(3) receptor antagonist A-331440, but not by the H(4) receptor antagonist JNJ7777120. The mixed H(3)/H(4) receptor agonist immepip induced a significant aggravation of HCl damage, which was prevented by JNJ7777120; HCl-induced lesions were also significantly enhanced by the H(4) receptor agonists VUF10460 and VUF8430; however, this effect was not modified by JNJ7777120. Overall, this study indicates that, whereas the histamine H(3) receptor is involved in the protection of rat stomach against concentrated HCl, the functional role of the H(4) receptor is still to be defined, although selective agonists induce proulcerogenic effects under HCl challenge. Finally, the species-dependent variations in affinity and receptor selectivity observed for most ligands need to be carefully addressed in the pharmacological characterization of histamine H(3) and H(4) receptor functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Coruzzi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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Wittmann HJ, Elz S, Seifert R, Straßer A. N α-Methylated phenylhistamines exhibit affinity to the hH4R—a pharmacological and molecular modelling study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 384:287-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Liu J, Li Y, Zhang HX, Zhang SW, Yang L. Studies of H4R antagonists using 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics. J Mol Model 2011; 18:991-1001. [PMID: 21647664 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship studies were performed on a series of 88 histamine receptor 4 (H4R) antagonists in an attempt to elucidate the 3D structural features required for activity. Several in silico modeling approaches, including comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA), molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD), were carried out. The results show that both the ligand-based CoMFA model (Q (2) = 0.548, R (ncv) (2) = 0.870, R (pre) (2) = 0.879, SEE = 0.410, SEP = 0.386) and the CoMSIA model (Q (2) = 0.526, R (ncv) (2) =0.866, R (pre) (2) = 0.848, SEE = 0.416, SEP = 0.413) are acceptable, as they show good predictive capabilities. Furthermore, a combined analysis incorporating CoMFA, CoMSIA contour maps and MD results shows that (1) compounds with bulky or hydrophobic substituents at positions 4-6 in ring A (R2 substituent), positively charged or hydrogen-bonding (HB) donor groups in the R1 substituent, and hydrophilic or HB acceptor groups in ring C show enhanced biological activities, and (2) the key amino acids in the binding pocket are TRP67, LEU71, ASP94, TYR95, PHE263 and GLN266. To our best knowledge, this work is the first to report the 3D-QSAR modeling of these H4R antagonists. The conclusions of this work may lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of antagonism and aid in the design of new, more potent H4R antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, Liaoning, China
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N-Alkenyl and cycloalkyl carbamates as dual acting histamine H3 and H4 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2850-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wijtmans M, de Graaf C, de Kloe G, Istyastono EP, Smit J, Lim H, Boonnak R, Nijmeijer S, Smits RA, Jongejan A, Zuiderveld O, de Esch IJP, Leurs R. Triazole ligands reveal distinct molecular features that induce histamine H4 receptor affinity and subtly govern H4/H3 subtype selectivity. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1693-703. [PMID: 21348462 DOI: 10.1021/jm1013488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H(3) (H(3)R) and H(4) (H(4)R) receptors attract considerable interest from the medicinal chemistry community. Given their relatively high homology yet widely differing therapeutic promises, ligand selectivity for the two receptors is crucial. We interrogated H(4)R/H(3)R selectivities using ligands with a [1,2,3]triazole core. Cu(I)-assisted "click chemistry" was used to assemble diverse [1,2,3]triazole compounds (6a-w and 7a-f), many containing a peripheral imidazole group. The imidazole ring posed some problems in the click chemistry putatively due to Cu(II) coordination, but Boc protection of the imidazole and removal of oxygen from the reaction mixture provided effective strategies. Pharmacological studies revealed two monosubstituted imidazoles (6h,p) with <10 nM H(4)R affinities and >10-fold H(4)R/H(3)R selectivity. Both compounds possess a cycloalkylmethyl group and appear to target a lipophilic pocket in H(4)R with high steric precision. The use of the [1,2,3]triazole scaffold is further demonstrated by the notion that simple changes in spacer length or peripheral groups can reverse the selectivity toward H(3)R. Computational evidence is provided to account for two key selectivity switches and to pinpoint a lipophilic pocket as an important handle for H(4)R over H(3)R selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Wijtmans
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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36
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Abstract
Considerable evidence has been collected indicating that histamine can modulate proliferation of different normal and malignant cells. High histamine biosynthesis and content together with histamine receptors have been reported in different human neoplasias including melanoma, colon and breast cancer, as well as in experimental tumours in which histamine has been postulated to behave as an important paracrine and autocrine regulator of proliferation. The discovery of the human histamine H(4) receptor in different tissues has contributed to our understanding of histamine role in numerous physiological and pathological conditions revealing novel functions for histamine and opening new perspectives in histamine pharmacology research. In the present review we aimed to briefly summarize current knowledge on histamine and histamine receptor involvement in cancer before focusing on some recent evidence supporting the novel role of histamine H(4) receptor in cancer progression representing a promising molecular target and avenue for cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina A Medina
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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ARAKI L, HARUSAWA S. Synthetic Studies of Imidazole C-Nucleosides toward Biofunctional Molecules. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2010; 130:1707-24. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.130.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa ARAKI
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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38
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Igel P, Dove S, Buschauer A. Histamine H4 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7191-9. [PMID: 21044842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery 10 years ago the histamine H(4) receptor (H(4)R) has attracted attention as a potential drug target, for instance, for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases. Potent and selective ligands including agonists are required as pharmacological tools to study the role of the H(4)R in vitro and in vivo. Many H(4)R agonists, which were identified among already known histamine receptor ligands, show only low or insufficient H(4)R selectivity. In addition, the investigation of numerous H(4)R agonists in animal models is hampered by species-dependent discrepancies regarding potencies and histamine receptor selectivities of the available compounds, especially when comparing human and rodent receptors. This article gives an overview about structures, potencies, and selectivities of various compounds showing H(4)R agonistic activity and summarizes the structure-activity relationships of selected compound classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Igel
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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39
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Schneider EH, Strasser A, Thurmond RL, Seifert R. Structural Requirements for Inverse Agonism and Neutral Antagonism of Indole-, Benzimidazole-, and Thienopyrrole-Derived Histamine H4 Receptor Ligands. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 334:513-21. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.165977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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40
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Identification and hit-to-lead exploration of a novel series of histamine H4 receptor inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2516-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Lim HD, de Graaf C, Jiang W, Sadek P, McGovern PM, Istyastono EP, Bakker RA, de Esch IJP, Thurmond RL, Leurs R. Molecular determinants of ligand binding to H4R species variants. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:734-43. [PMID: 20103609 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.063040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The histamine H(4) receptor (H(4)R) is the latest identified histamine receptor to emerge as a potential drug target for inflammatory diseases. Animal models are employed to validate this potential drug target. Concomitantly, various H(4)R orthologs have been cloned, including the human, mouse, rat, guinea pig, monkey, pig, and dog H(4)Rs. In this article, we expressed all these H(4)R orthologs in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and compared their interactions with currently used standard H(4)R ligands, including the H(4)R agonists histamine, 4-methylhistamine, guanidinylethyl isothiourea (VUF 8430), the H(4)R antagonists 1-[(5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]-4-methylpiperazine (JNJ 7777120) and [(5-chloro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbonyl]-4-methylpiperazine (VUF 6002), and the inverse H(4)R agonist thioperamide. Most of the evaluated ligands display significantly different affinities at the different H(4)R orthologs. These "natural mutants" of H(4)R were used to study ligand-receptor interactions by using chimeric human-pig-human and pig-human-pig H(4)R proteins and site-directed mutagenesis. Our results are a useful reference for ligand selection for studies in animal models of diseases and offer new insights in the understanding of H(4)R-ligand receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman D Lim
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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