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Barr MP, Baird AM, Halliday S, Martin P, Allott EH, Phelan J, Korpanty G, Coate L, O’Brien C, Gray SG, Sui JSY, Hayes B, Cuffe S, Finn SP. Liquid Biopsy: A Multi-Parametric Analysis of Mutation Status, Circulating Tumor Cells and Inflammatory Markers in EGFR-Mutated NSCLC. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102360. [PMID: 36292049 PMCID: PMC9600124 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The liquid biopsy has the potential to improve patient care in the diagnostic and therapeutic setting in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Consented patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) positive disease (n = 21) were stratified into two cohorts: those currently receiving EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy (n = 9) and newly diagnosed EGFR TKI treatment-naïve patients (n = 12). Plasma genotyping of cell-free DNA was carried out using the FDA-approved cobas® EGFR mutation test v2 and compared to next generation sequencing (NGS) cfDNA panels. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) numbers were correlated with treatment response and EGFR exon 20 p.T790M. The prognostic significance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was also investigated. Patients in cohort 1 with an EGFR exon 20 p.T790M mutation progressed more rapidly than those with an EGFR sensitizing mutation, while patients in cohort 2 had a significantly longer progression-free survival (p = 0.04). EGFR exon 20 p.T790M was detected by liquid biopsy prior to disease progression indicated by computed tomography (CT) imaging. The cobas® EGFR mutation test detected a significantly greater number of exon 20 p.T790M mutations (p = 0.05). High NLR and derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) were associated with shorter time to progression and worse survival outcomes (p < 0.05). High LDH levels were significantly associated with shorter time to disease progression (p = 0.03). These data support the use of liquid biopsy for monitoring EGFR mutations and inflammatory markers as prognostic indicators in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-8963620
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophia Halliday
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Petra Martin
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Midlands Regional Hospital, R35 NY51 Tullamore, Ireland
| | - Emma H. Allott
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - James Phelan
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Greg Korpanty
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Limerick, V94 F858 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Linda Coate
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Limerick, V94 F858 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Cathal O’Brien
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G. Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane S. Y. Sui
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Hayes
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology, St James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
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Di Capua D, Bracken-Clarke D, Ronan K, Baird AM, Finn S. The Liquid Biopsy for Lung Cancer: State of the Art, Limitations and Future Developments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163923. [PMID: 34439082 PMCID: PMC8391249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During the development and progression of lung tumors, processes such as necrosis and vascular invasion shed tumor cells or cellular components into various fluid compartments. Liquid biopsies consist of obtaining a bodily fluid, typically peripheral blood, in order to isolate and investigate these shed tumor constituents. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are one such constituent, which can be isolated from blood and can act as a diagnostic aid and provide valuable prognostic information. Liquid-based biopsies may also have a potential future role in lung cancer screening. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is found in small quantities in blood and, with the recent development of sensitive molecular and sequencing technologies, can be used to directly detect actionable genetic alterations or monitor for resistance mutations and guide clinical management. While potential benefits of liquid biopsies are promising, they are not without limitations. In this review, we summarize the current state and limitations of CTCs and ctDNA and possible future directions. Abstract Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, contributing to 18.4% of cancer deaths globally. Treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma has seen rapid progression with targeted therapies tailored to specific genetic drivers. However, identifying genetic alterations can be difficult due to lack of tissue, inaccessible tumors and the risk of complications for the patient with serial tissue sampling. The liquid biopsy provides a minimally invasive method which can obtain circulating biomarkers shed from the tumor and could be a safer alternative to tissue biopsy. While tissue biopsy remains the gold standard, liquid biopsies could be very beneficial where serial sampling is required, such as monitoring disease progression or development of resistance mutations to current targeted therapies. Liquid biopsies also have a potential role in identifying patients at risk of relapse post treatment and as a component of future lung cancer screening protocols. Rapid developments have led to multiple platforms for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA); however, standardization is lacking, especially in lung carcinoma. Additionally, clonal hematopoiesis of uncertain clinical significance must be taken into consideration in genetic sequencing, as it introduces the potential for false positives. Various biomarkers have been investigated in liquid biopsies; however, in this review, we will concentrate on the current use of ctDNA and CTCs, focusing on the clinical relevance, current and possible future applications and limitations of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Di Capua
- Department of Histopathology, St. James’s Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Dara Bracken-Clarke
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. James’ Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Karine Ronan
- Faculty of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, D02PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St. James’s Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
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Hsu CL, Tsai TH, Huang CK, Yang CY, Liao WY, Ho CC, Ruan SY, Chen KY, Shih JY, Yang PC. Monitoring levels of vimentin-positive circulating cancer stem cells and tumor cells in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2021; 156:50-58. [PMID: 33894494 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with tumor spread, whereas cancer stem cells may be related to drug resistance. However, few studies have analyzed the levels of circulating cancer stem cells (CCSCs) and CTCs in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Treatment-naïve patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who received epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy were recruited prospectively. The cell surface vimentin antibody was used for CTC detection and CD133 antibody for CCSC detection. CCSC and CTC levels were measured as cell count per 4 mL of blood, before treatment, after 2 and 12 weeks of treatment, and at disease progression. Data on clinical characteristics and outcomes were also collected. RESULTS At diagnosis (n = 29), the median CCSC and CTC levels were 0 (interquartile range, 0-2) and 3 (2-9), respectively. After 12 weeks, the CCSC and CTC levels were lower than those at diagnosis (CCSC: 0 (0-0), p = 0.14; CTC: 1 (0-4), p = 0.048). At disease progression, the median CCSC and CTC levels were 0 (0-1) and 1 (0-2), respectively. Patients with higher CCSC and CTC levels at diagnosis had a numerically shorter progression-free survival. CONCLUSION In patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC, CCSC and CTC levels became lower after 12 weeks of EGFR-TKI therapy and remained low at disease progression. High pre-treatment CCSC and CTC levels may be associated with a trend towards poor treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsiu Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Liao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Ho
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yuan Ruan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
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Indini A, Rijavec E, Grossi F. Circulating Biomarkers of Response and Toxicity of Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081794. [PMID: 33918661 PMCID: PMC8070633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although immunotherapy has dramatically revolutionized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, not all the patients will benefit from this innovative therapy. The identification of potential biomarkers able to predict efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy represents an urgent need for tailored treatment regimens. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive and economical tool that could provide important information about patients’ selection and treatment monitoring. Currently, several blood biomarkers are under investigation (circulating immune and tumor cells, soluble immunological mediators, peripheral blood cells). Prospective clinical trials are needed to validate their use in clinical practice. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed cell death (PD)-1 protein and its ligand, PD-L1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4, have revolutionized the management of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, only a small portion of NSCLC patients respond to these agents. Furthermore, although immunotherapy is usually well tolerated, some patients experience severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure involving the isolation of circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTC), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Thanks to recent advances in technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR), liquid biopsy has become a useful tool to provide baseline information on the tumor, and to monitor response to treatments. This review highlights the potential role of liquid biomarkers in the selection of NSCLC patients who could respond to immunotherapy, and in the identification of patients who are most likely to experience irAEs, in order to guide improvements in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Indini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Erika Rijavec
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Grossi
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Que ZJ, Yang Y, Liu HT, Shang-Guan WJ, Yu P, Zhu LH, Li HG, Liu HM, Tian JH. Jinfukang regulates integrin/Src pathway and anoikis mediating circulating lung cancer cells migration. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113473. [PMID: 33068649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metastasis is the main cause of death in lung cancer patients. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be an important target of metastasis intervention. Previous studies have shown that Jinfukang could prevent the recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer, and we have established a circulating lung tumor cell line CTC-TJH-01. However, whether Jinfukang inhibition of lung cancer metastasis is related to CTCs is still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To further explore the mechanism of Jinfukang in anti-metastasis of lung cancer from the perspective of intervention of CTCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS CTC-TJH-01 and H1975 cells were treated with Jinfukang. Cell viability was detected by CCK8, and the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Transwell was used to detected cell migration and invasion. Cell anoikis was detected by anoikis detection kit. Protein expression was analysis by Western blot. RESULTS Jinfukang could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of CTC-TJH-01 and H1975 cells. Besides, Jinfukang could also induce anoikis in CTC-TJH-01 and H1975 cells. Analysis of the mRNA expression profile showed ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion were regulated by Jinfukang. Moreover, it was also find that Jinfukang significantly inhibited integrin/Src pathway in CTC-TJH-01 and H1975 cells. When suppress the expression of integrin with ATN-161, it could promote Jinfukang to inhibit migration and induce anoikis in CTC-TJH-01 and H1975 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the migration and invasion of CTCs are inhibited by Jinfukang, and the mechanism may involve the suppression of integrin/Src axis to induce anoikis. These data suggest that Jinfukang exerts anti-metastatic effects in lung cancer may through anoikis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Jun Que
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Intergrated Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hai-Tao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen-Ji Shang-Guan
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - He-Gen Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huai-Min Liu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Ning J, Ge T, Jiang M, Jia K, Wang L, Li W, Chen B, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao S, He Y. Early diagnosis of lung cancer: which is the optimal choice? Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6214-6227. [PMID: 33591942 PMCID: PMC7950268 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of lung cancer patients with different clinical stages is significantly different. The 5-year survival of stage IA groups can exceed 90%, while patients with stage IV can be less than 10%. Therefore, early diagnosis is extremely important for lung cancer patients. This research focused on various diagnosis methods of early lung cancer, including imaging screening, bronchoscopy, and emerging potential liquid biopsies, as well as volatile organic compounds, autoantibodies, aiming to improve the early diagnosis rate and explore feasible and effective early diagnosis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Minlin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Liquid Biopsy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Highlights and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010017. [PMID: 31861557 PMCID: PMC7017364 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer is one leading cause of death worldwide, and patients would greatly benefit from an early diagnosis. Since targeted and immunotherapies have emerged as novel approaches for more tailored treatments, repeated assessments of the tumor biology have become pivotal to drive clinical decisions. Currently, tumor tissue biopsy is the gold standard to investigate potentially actionable biomarkers, but this procedure is invasive and may prove inadequate to represent the whole malignancy. In this regard, liquid biopsy represents a minimally invasive and more comprehensive option for early detection and investigation of this tumor. Today, cell-free DNA is the only approved circulating marker to select patients for a targeted therapy. Conversely, the other tumor-derived markers (i.e., circulating tumor cells, miRNAs, exosomes, and tumor educated platelets) are still at a pre-clinical phase, although they show promising results for their application in screening programs or as prognostic/predictive biomarkers. The main challenges for their clinical translation are the lack of reliable cutoffs and, especially for miRNAs, the great variability among the studies. Moreover, no established tool has been approved for circulating tumor cells and exosome isolation. Finally, large prospective clinical trials are mandatory to provide evidence of their clinical utility.
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Tan MH, Zhong ZG, Chen PL, Zhou YX. The Prognostic Values Of Circulating Tumor Cells In Lung Carcinoma: An Analysis On 98 Chinese Patients. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8833-8840. [PMID: 31695438 PMCID: PMC6821058 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s216118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine the prognostic values of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with advanced lung cancer. Patients and methods A total of 98 patients with their CTCs enumerated in 2017 was recruited. Data were retrieved from medical records for comparison. Patients’ overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were studied using Kaplan-Meier curve with log rank test. Results Seventy-three percent of the patients were male, and nearly half of the patients (44.8%) were smokers. Most tumors were adenocarcinoma (73.4%), and about 60% of the cases were diagnosed at stage IV. Half of the patients showing less than nine CTCs. Patients’ OS were significantly associated with total CTC count (P=0.047), epithelial CTC count (P=0.027), mixed CTC count (P=0.004), and use of adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.001). For PFS, it was strongly associated with tumor backgrounds (T stage, P=0.002; M stage, P=0.001; TMN stage, P<0.001), cancer biomarkers (CEA, P=0.004; CA125, P=0.004; CA153, P=0.045), and treatment strategy (surgical intervention, P=0.025; first-line chemotherapy, P<0.001). Conclusion The present study clearly indicated the significant associations between CTC and overall survival of patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hua Tan
- Department of Pathology, First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Geng Zhong
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Long Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Olajuyin AM, Olajuyin AK, Wang Z, Zhao X, Zhang X. CD146 T cells in lung cancer: its function, detection, and clinical implications as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:247. [PMID: 31572064 PMCID: PMC6761715 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD146 alternatively called melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), is a biomarker and therapeutic target of clinical significance. It is found on different cells including the endothelial cells and lymphocytes which participate in heterotypic and homotypic ligand-receptor. This review concentrated on the CD146 expression T cells (or lymphocytes) centering on Treg in lung cancer. Here, we have also considered the vigorous investigation of CD146 mainly acknowledged new roles, essential mechanisms and clinical implications of CD146 in cancer. CD146 has progressively become a significant molecule, particularly recognized as a novel biomarker, prognosis and therapy for cancer. Hence, targeting CD146 expression by utilization of methanol extracts of Calotropis procera leaf may be useful for the treatment of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayobami Matthew Olajuyin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Adefunke Kafayat Olajuyin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Xingru Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
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Lee SW, Chen YW, Kuan EC, Lan MY. Dual-function nanostructured platform for isolation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma circulating tumor cells and EBV DNA detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111509. [PMID: 31344600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and plasma levels of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA are sensitive prognostic tools for monitoring disease status in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Herein, we introduce a novel and low-cost platform for capturing CTCs, the Si nanowires/microscale pyramids (NWs/MPs) hierarchical substrate, which could capture NPC cells in vitro and also detect EBV DNA at very low concentrations. In this study, Si NWs/MPs hierarchical substrates with varying wire length were fabricated using a metal-assisted chemical etching method. Anti-EpCAM antibodies were further conjugated on the substrate for capturing NPC CTCs in vitro. Capture efficiency was evaluated using immunofluorescence and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was utilized to understand cell morphology. The Si NWs/MPs substrate was also transformed into a Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate by coating with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) for detection of EBV DNA by Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that Si NWs/MPs with 20 min of etch time had the best capturing performance. Additionally, SEM observations revealed good contact of CTCs with Si NWs/MPs substrates. Moreover, the AgNPs-coated NWs/MPs substrate was shown to be a sensitive EBV DNA detector, by which the DNA detection limit can reach up to 10-13M. In conclusion, the Si NWs/MPs platform not only exhibits superior cell capturing ability, but also can sensitively detect EBV DNA at very low concentrations. This platform has great potential to become a promising diagnostic tool for monitoring disease status and prognostication of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Lee
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Edward C Kuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
| | - Ming-Ying Lan
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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Alama A, Coco S, Genova C, Rossi G, Fontana V, Tagliamento M, Giovanna Dal Bello M, Rosa A, Boccardo S, Rijavec E, Biello F, Longo L, Cavalieri Z, Bruzzo C, Grossi F. Prognostic Relevance of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Cell-Free DNA Association in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Nivolumab. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071011. [PMID: 31295929 PMCID: PMC6679117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been revolutionized by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The identification of prognostic and predictive factors in ICIs-treated patients is presently challenging. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) were evaluated in 89 previously treated NSCLC patients receiving nivolumab. Blood samples were collected before therapy and at the first and second radiological response assessments. CTCs were isolated by a filtration-based method. cfDNA was extracted from plasma and estimated by quantitative PCR. Patients with baseline CTC number and cfDNA below their median values (2 and 836.5 ng from 3 mL of blood and plasma, respectively) survived significantly longer than those with higher values (p = 0.05 and p = 0.04, respectively). The two biomarkers were then used separately and jointly as time-dependent covariates in a regression model confirming their prognostic role. Additionally, a four-fold risk of death for the subgroup presenting both circulating biomarkers above the median values was observed (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between circulating biomarkers and best response. However, progressing patients with concomitant lower CTCs and cfDNA performed clinically well (p = 0.007), suggesting that jointed CTCs and cfDNA might help discriminate a low-risk population which might benefit from continuing ICIs beyond progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Alama
- Lung Cancer Unit, Division of Medical Oncology II, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, Division of Medical Oncology II, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Genova
- Lung Cancer Unit, Division of Medical Oncology II, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- Lung Cancer Unit, Division of Medical Oncology II, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fontana
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- Lung Cancer Unit, Division of Medical Oncology II, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Dal Bello
- Lung Cancer Unit, Division of Medical Oncology II, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rosa
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Boccardo
- Lung Cancer Unit, Division of Medical Oncology II, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Erika Rijavec
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza, 28, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Biello
- AOU Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Longo
- Lung Cancer Unit, Division of Medical Oncology II, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Zita Cavalieri
- Lung Cancer Unit, Division of Medical Oncology II, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Bruzzo
- Lung Cancer Unit, Division of Medical Oncology II, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Grossi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza, 28, 20122 Milan, Italy
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12
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Que Z, Luo B, Zhou Z, Dong C, Jiang Y, Wang L, Shi Q, Tian J. Establishment and characterization of a patient-derived circulating lung tumor cell line in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:21. [PMID: 30718976 PMCID: PMC6352330 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been described as a population of cells that may seed metastasis, which is a reliable target for the prevention of metastases in lung cancer patients at the early stage. The culturing of CTCs in vitro can be used to study the mechanism of lung cancer metastasis and to screen antimetastasis drugs. This study aims to establish CTC cell line in vitro and explore the potential mechanism of its metastasis. METHODS A mixture of EpCAM- and EGFR-coated immunomagnetic microbeads in microfluidic Herringbone-Chip was used to capture CTCs. The CTCs, 95-D and A549 cells was evaluated by cell proliferation assays, clonal formation assays, migration assays and drug resistance. Flow cytometry and cytokine protein chip were used to detect the difference in phenotype and cytokine secretion between CTCs, 95-D and A549 cells. The NOD/SCID mice were used to study tumorigenicity, lung organ colonization and metastasis of CTCs. The H&E staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the pathological status of CTCs. RESULTS The number of EpCAM(+)/EGFR(+)/CK(+)/CD45(-) lung CTCs showed a weak negative correlation with clinical stages in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In a phase IIa lung cancer patient, we successfully establish a permanent CTC cell line, named CTC-TJH-01. In vitro studies showed the CTC-TJH-01 cells were in the intermediate stage of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), had stem cell characteristics and were drug resistant. In vivo studies showed that CTC-TJH-01 cells can induce tumorigenesis, lung organ colonization and metastasis after xenografting in immunodeficient mice. In addition, the low expression level of CX3CL1 and high expression level of CXCL5 in the CTC-TJH-01 cells may be an important mechanism for their metastasis. CONCLUSIONS We successfully established a permanent CTC cell line with metastatic ability, which can be used to screen antimetastatic drugs and study the mechanism of lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujun Que
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qihui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
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13
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Xue L, Xie L, Song X, Song X. Identification of potential tumor-educated platelets RNA biomarkers in non-small-cell lung cancer by integrated bioinformatical analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22450. [PMID: 29665143 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets have emerged as key players in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Tumor-educated platelet (TEP) RNA profile has the potential to diagnose non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective of this study was to identify potential TEP RNA biomarkers for the diagnosis of NSCLC and to explore the mechanisms in alternations of TEP RNA profile. METHODS The RNA-seq datasets GSE68086 and GSE89843 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus DataSets (GEO DataSets). Then, the functional enrichment of the differentially expressed mRNAs was analyzed by the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The miRNAs which regulated the differential mRNAs and the target mRNAs of miRNAs were identified by miRanda and miRDB. Then, the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was visualized via Cytoscape software. RESULTS Twenty consistently altered mRNAs (2 up-regulated and 18 down-regulated) were identified from the two GSE datasets, and they were significantly enriched in several biological processes, including transport and establishment of localization. Twenty identical miRNAs were found between exosomal miRNA-seq dataset and 229 miRNAs that regulated 20 consistently differential mRNAs in platelets. We also analyzed 13 spliceosomal mRNAs and their miRNA predictions; there were 27 common miRNAs between 206 differential exosomal miRNAs and 338 miRNAs that regulated 13 distinct spliceosomal mRNAs. CONCLUSION This study identified 20 potential TEP RNA biomarkers in NSCLC for diagnosis by integrated bioinformatical analysis, and alternations in TEP RNA profile may be related to the post-transcriptional regulation and the splicing metabolisms of spliceosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xue
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingguo Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianrang Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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14
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Praharaj PP, Bhutia SK, Nagrath S, Bitting RL, Deep G. Circulating tumor cell-derived organoids: Current challenges and promises in medical research and precision medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:117-127. [PMID: 29360544 PMCID: PMC6054479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional 2D cell cultures do not accurately recapitulate tumor heterogeneity, and insufficient human cell lines are available. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models more closely mimic clinical tumor heterogeneity, but are not useful for high-throughput drug screening. Recently, patient-derived organoid cultures have emerged as a novel technique to fill this critical need. Organoids maintain tumor tissue heterogeneity and drug-resistance responses, and thus are useful for high-throughput drug screening. Among various biological tissues used to produce organoid cultures, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are promising, due to relative ease of ascertainment. CTC-derived organoids could help to acquire relevant genetic and epigenetic information about tumors in real time, and screen and test promising drugs. This could reduce the need for tissue biopsies, which are painful and may be difficult depending on the tumor location. In this review, we have focused on advances in CTC isolation and organoid culture methods, and their potential applications in disease modeling and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash P Praharaj
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rhonda L Bitting
- Hematology and Oncology Department, United States; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States
| | - Gagan Deep
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States; Department of Urology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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15
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Circulating Tumor Cells Were Associated with the Number of T Lymphocyte Subsets and NK Cells in Peripheral Blood in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:5727815. [PMID: 29434410 PMCID: PMC5757144 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5727815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to investigate the correlation between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in peripheral blood in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The peripheral blood CTCs were determined by SET-iFISH. Flow cytometry was used to determine the distribution of T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells. Forty-one (49%) patients showed positivity for CTCs. Logistic regression analysis revealed CTC number was negatively correlated with the ratio of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and NK % in patients at stage IV, while in a positive correlation was noticed between CTC number and regulatory T cell (Tregs) ratio in these patients. Multivariate analysis was performed in combination with the clinical-pathological materials to identify the risk factors for CTC positivity. Differentiation, NSCLC stage, percentages of CD3+CD4+ cells, Tregs, and NK cells were the independent risk factors for CTCs. CTCs were associated with the decrease of immune surveillance in the peripheral blood in NSCLC patients. The decrease of immune surveillance contributed to the escape of CTCs from the killing effects of the immunocytes, as well as the formation of metastasized lesions in the target organs.
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16
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Non-invasive approaches for lung cancer diagnosis. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-017-0600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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17
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Tartarone A, Lerose R, Rodriquenz MG, Mambella G, Calderoni G, Bozza G, Aieta M. Molecular characterization and prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S1359-S1363. [PMID: 29184674 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.07.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare epithelial cells that can be found in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. A growing body of evidence indicates that CTCs may play a role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for diagnosis, therapy monitoring and prognostic purposes. CTCs evaluation could be particularly relevant in this clinical setting, considering that physicians often have difficulty in obtaining an adequate tumor tissue and that patients are not always suitable to receive a re-biopsy. In the current review, we will focus on the molecular characterization and prognostic significance of CTCs in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Tartarone
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Rosa Lerose
- Hospital Pharmacy, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Rodriquenz
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mambella
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calderoni
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Giovanni Bozza
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Michele Aieta
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
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18
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Alama A, Coco S, Vanni I, Grossi F. Reply to the Letter to the Editor by C. Nicolazzo et al.: "Circulating Cell-Free DNA and Circulating Tumor Cells as Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with First-Line Chemotherapy". Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28629197 PMCID: PMC5486130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Alama
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Irene Vanni
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Francesco Grossi
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Circulating Cell-Free DNA and Circulating Tumor Cells as Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with First-Line Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051035. [PMID: 28492516 PMCID: PMC5454947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are promising prognostic and predictive biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we examined the prognostic role of cfDNA and CTCs, in separate and joint analyses, in NSCLC patients receiving first line chemotherapy. Seventy-three patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled in this study. CfDNA and CTC were analyzed at baseline and after two cycles of chemotherapy. Plasma cfDNA quantification was performed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) whereas CTCs were isolated by the ScreenCell Cyto (ScreenCell, Paris, France) device and enumerated according to malignant features. Patients with baseline cfDNA higher than the median value (96.3 hTERT copy number) had a significantly worse overall survival (OS) and double the risk of death (hazard ratio (HR): 2.14; 95% confidence limits (CL) = 1.24–3.68; p-value = 0.006). Conversely, an inverse relationship between CTC median baseline number (6 CTC/3 mL of blood) and OS was observed. In addition, we found that in patients reporting stable disease (SD), the baseline cfDNA and CTCs were able to discriminate patients at high risk of poor survival. cfDNA demonstrated a more reliable biomarker than CTCs in the overall population. In the subgroup of SD patients, both biomarkers identified patients at high risk of poor prognosis who might deserve additional/alternative therapeutic interventions.
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Che J, Yu V, Garon EB, Goldman JW, Di Carlo D. Biophysical isolation and identification of circulating tumor cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1452-1461. [PMID: 28352869 PMCID: PMC5507599 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood is important for determining patient prognosis and monitoring treatment. Methods based on affinity to cell surface markers have been applied to both purify (via immunoseparation) and identify (via immunofluorescence) CTCs. However, variability of cell biomarker expression associated with tumor heterogeneity and evolution and cross-reactivity of antibody probes have long complicated CTC enrichment and immunostaining. Here, we report a truly label-free high-throughput microfluidic approach to isolate, enumerate, and characterize the biophysical properties of CTCs using an integrated microfluidic device. Vortex-mediated deformability cytometry (VDC) consists of an initial vortex region which enriches large CTCs, followed by release into a downstream hydrodynamic stretching region which deforms the cells. Visualization and quantification of cell deformation with a high-speed camera revealed populations of large (>15 μm diameter) and deformable (aspect ratio >1.2) CTCs from 16 stage IV lung cancer samples, that are clearly distinguished by increased deformability compared to contaminating blood cells and rare large cells isolated from healthy patients. The VDC technology demonstrated a comparable positive detection rate of putative CTCs above healthy baseline (93.8%) with respect to standard immunofluorescence (71.4%). Automation allows full enumeration of CTCs from a 10 mL vial of blood within <1 h after sample acquisition, compared with 4+ hours with standard approaches. Moreover, cells are released into any collection vessel for further downstream analysis. VDC shows potential for accurate CTC enumeration without labels and confirms the unique highly deformable biophysical properties of large CTCs circulating in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Che
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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21
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Li S, Chen Q, Li H, Wu Y, Feng J, Yan Y. Mesenchymal circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and OCT4 mRNA expression in CTCs for prognosis prediction in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:1147-1153. [PMID: 28374320 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes might be related to tumor progression while OCT4 expression is involved in tumor metastasis and poor prognosis. But the possible clinical significance of EMT phenotypes of CTCs from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has still to be demonstrated. Furthermore, none has been investigated the expression of OCT4 in CTCs. We therefore identified the EMT phenotype-based subsets of CTCs and determined the OCT4 expression status of CTCs in NSCLC patients, to explore their possible clinical relevance. METHODS 37 NSCLC patients and ten healthy volunteers were enrolled, respectively. The Canpatrol™ CTC enrichment technique was used to isolate and identify the EMT phenotype-based subsets of CTCs. OCT4 expression in each CTC was also determined. Results were correlated with patients' clinico-pathological features. RESULTS CTCs were detected in 33 of 37 (89.2%) NSCLC patients, and no CTCs were identified in ten healthy volunteers. Three CTCs phenotypes, including epithelial, biophenotypic, and mesenchymal CTCs were identified based on the expression of EMT markers. Mesenchymal CTCs were more commonly found in patients with distant metastasis. Patients with distant metastasis tended to have a higher median CTCs number. OCT4-positive was observed in 21 of 28 (75.0%) patients. High expression of OCT4 tended to occur in advanced patients as well as in distant metastatic patients. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that identification of CTCs by EMT markers as well as evaluation of OCT4 expression status by assessment of OCT4 expression in CTCs could serve as potential adjuncts for evaluating metastasis and prognosis in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, People's Republic of China
| | - H Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, People's Republic of China
| | - J Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Road No. 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, People's Republic of China.
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Molecular Profiling of Circulating Tumour Cells Identifies Notch1 as a Principal Regulator in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37820. [PMID: 27901069 PMCID: PMC5129014 DOI: 10.1038/srep37820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis colonization in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) remains incomplete. A complete overview integrating driver mutations, primary tumour heterogeneity and overt metastasis lacks the dynamic contribution of disseminating metastatic cells due to the inaccessibility to the molecular profiling of Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs). By combining immunoisolation and whole genome amplification, we performed a global gene expression analysis of EpCAM positive CTCs from advanced NSCLC patients. We identified an EpCAM+ CTC-specific expression profile in NSCLC patients mostly associated with cellular movement, cell adhesion and cell-to-cell signalling mediated by PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2 and NF-kB pathways. NOTCH1 emerged as a driver connecting active signalling pathways, with a reduced number of related candidate genes (NOTCH1, PTP4A3, LGALS3 and ITGB3) being further validated by RT-qPCR on an independent cohort of NSCLC patients. In addition, these markers demonstrated high prognostic value for Progression-Free Survival (PFS). In conclusion, molecular characterization of EpCAM+ CTCs from advanced NSCLC patients provided with highly specific biomarkers with potential applicability as a “liquid biopsy” for monitoring of NSCLC patients and confirmed NOTCH1 as a potential therapeutic target to block lung cancer dissemination.
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Calabuig-Fariñas S, Jantus-Lewintre E, Herreros-Pomares A, Camps C. Circulating tumor cells versus circulating tumor DNA in lung cancer-which one will win? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016; 5:466-482. [PMID: 27826528 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2016.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies appear to be a reliable alternative to conventional biopsies that can provide both precise molecular data useful for improving the clinical management of lung cancer patients as well as a less invasive way of monitoring tumor behavior. These advances are supported by important biotechnological developments in the fields of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Analysis of CTCs and ctDNA may be useful in treatment selection, for response monitoring, and in studying resistance mechanisms. This review focuses on the most recent technological achievements and the most relevant clinical applications for lung cancer patients in the CTC and ctDNA fields, highlighting those that are already (or are close to) being implemented in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, General University Hospital Research Foundation, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eloísa Jantus-Lewintre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, General University Hospital Research Foundation, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Herreros-Pomares
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, General University Hospital Research Foundation, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, General University Hospital Research Foundation, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Dynamic monitoring of circulating tumour cells to evaluate therapeutic efficacy in advanced gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:138-45. [PMID: 26784122 PMCID: PMC4815805 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was intended to determine the clinical significance of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC), particularly the potential role of CTCs for dynamic monitoring of the therapeutic response. METHODS A single-centre, prospective study was undertaken in 136 patients with newly diagnosed AGC. The patients' CTCs were enumerated using CellSearch at baseline and at the first response evaluation. In 15 patients whose clinical condition permitted longitudinal study, CTCs were longitudinally enumerated during treatment. RESULTS Following 6 weeks of chemotherapy, an unfavourable post-therapy CTC level (⩾3 CTCs per 7.5 ml) was closely correlated with the objective response rate (P=0.016) and the disease control rate (P=0.013), and it also independently predicted a shorter progression-free survival and overall survival. Particularly, conversion to a favourable CTC level following therapy improved the prognosis, but patients who changed to an unfavourable CTC level fared significantly worse. Elevated CTCs during therapy may be associated with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Post-therapy CTC level may help in evaluating therapeutic response in patients with AGC and predicting their prognosis. In addition, changes in CTCs following therapy may be useful in rapidly identifying ineffective treatments and poor prognosis.
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Tartarone A, Rossi E, Lerose R, Mambella G, Calderone G, Zamarchi R, Aieta M. Possible applications of circulating tumor cells in patients with non small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2016; 107:59-64. [PMID: 27339469 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiences indicate that, as already reported for other types of cancer, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may play a role also in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for diagnosis, therapy monitoring and prognostic purposes. CTCs evaluation could be particularly relevant in this clinical setting not only for the objective difficulty in obtaining tumor tissue, but also because of the lack of reliable tumor markers. In the current review, we will focus on the possible applications of CTCs in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Tartarone
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, IRCCS, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosa Lerose
- Hospital Pharmacy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, IRCCS, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mambella
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, IRCCS, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calderone
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, IRCCS, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | | | - Michele Aieta
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, IRCCS, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
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Bozzetti C, Quaini F, Squadrilli A, Tiseo M, Frati C, Lagrasta C, Azzoni C, Bottarelli L, Galetti M, Alama A, Belletti S, Gatti R, Passaro A, Gradilone A, Cavazzoni A, Alfieri R, Petronini PG, Bonelli M, Falco A, Carubbi C, Pedrazzi G, Nizzoli R, Naldi N, Pinto C, Ardizzoni A. Isolation and Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Using a Non-EpCAM-Based Capture Method. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142891. [PMID: 26571236 PMCID: PMC4646671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The exclusion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that have lost epithelial antigens during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process by using Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) based capture methods is still a matter of debate. In this study, cells obtained after depletion procedure from blood samples of squamous cell lung cancer (SQCLC) patients were identified based on morphology and characterized with the combination of FISH assessment and immunophenotypic profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five mL blood samples, collected from 55 advanced SQCLC patients, were analyzed by a non-EpCAM-based capture method. After depletion of leukocytes and erythroid cells, the negative fraction was characterized by both FISH using a fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) probe and by immunocytochemistry. Thirty healthy donors were also tested. RESULTS Based on morphology (nuclear dimension ≥10 μm, shape and hypercromatic aspect) suspicious circulating cells clearly distinguishable from contaminant leukocytes were observed in 49/55 (89%) SQCLC patients. Thirty-four of the 44 (77%) samples evaluable for FGFR1 FISH showed ≥ 6 FGFR1 gene copy number on average per cell. Vimentin expression involved 43% (18/42) of pooled circulating SQCLC cells, whereas only 29% (14/48) were EpCAM positive. Confocal microscopy confirmed the localization of FGFR1 probe in suspicious circulating cells. Suspicious circulating elements were also observed in healthy donors and did not show any epithelial associated antigens. A significantly lower number of suspicious circulating cells in healthy donors compared to SQCLC patients was found. CONCLUSIONS Among the heterogeneous cell population isolated by depletion procedure, the coexistence of cells with epithelial and/or mesenchymal phenotype suggests that EMT may participate to transendothelial invasion and migration of tumor cells in advanced SQCLC. The finding of cells with neither EpCAM or EMT phenotype, retrieved after non-EpCAM-based systems, underlines the presence of suspicious elements in the blood of both SQCLC patients and healthy donors. Further phenotyping and molecular analyses are necessary to fully characterize these circulating elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bozzetti
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Squadrilli
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Frati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Costanza Lagrasta
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Azzoni
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lorena Bottarelli
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, Unit of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maricla Galetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Alama
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU S. Martino—IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvana Belletti
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rita Gatti
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Gradilone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavazzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Mara Bonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Falco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cecilia Carubbi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Rita Nizzoli
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nadia Naldi
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carmine Pinto
- Division of Medical Oncology, S. Maria Nuova Hospital/IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Lin CC, Huang WL, Wei F, Su WC, Wong DT. Emerging platforms using liquid biopsy to detect EGFR mutations in lung cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1427-40. [PMID: 26420338 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1094379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in target therapies for lung cancer have enabled detection of gene mutations, specifically those of EGFR. Assays largely depend on the acquisition of tumor tissue biopsy, which is invasive and may not reflect the genomic profile of the tumor at treatment due to tumor heterogeneity or changes that occur during treatment through acquired resistance. Liquid biopsy, a blood test that detects evidence of cancer cells or tumor DNA, has generated considerable interest for its ability to detect EGFR mutations. However, its clinical application is limited by complicated collection methods and the need for technique-dependent platforms. Recently, simpler techniques for EGFR mutant detection in urine or saliva samples have been developed. This review focuses on advances in liquid biopsy and discusses its potential for clinical implementation in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Lin
- a 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Hospital, College of Medicine , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- a 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Hospital, College of Medicine , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fang Wei
- b 2 UCLA - Dentistry, 73-034 CHS UCLA School of Dentistry , 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- a 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Hospital, College of Medicine , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - David T Wong
- b 2 UCLA - Dentistry, 73-034 CHS UCLA School of Dentistry , 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Jiang T, Ren S, Zhou C. Role of circulating-tumor DNA analysis in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2015; 90:128-34. [PMID: 26415994 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of actionable driver mutations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and microtubule-associated protein-like 4 anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) and their highly responses to EGFR and ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) allowed precise medicine into reality. However, a substantial part of patients still have no sufficient tissue to perform genomic analysis. As a promising noninvasive biomarker and potential surrogate for the entire tumor genome, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been applied to the detection of driver gene mutations and epigenetic alteration and monitoring of tumor burden, acquired resistance, tumor heterogeneity and early diagnosis. Since precise therapy is a strategy that optimal therapy is decided based on simultaneous tumor genome information, ctDNA, as a liquid biopsy, may help to perform dynamic genetic surveillance. In this paper we will perspectively discuss the biology and identification of ctDNA in the blood of NSCLC patients and its clinical applications in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Jo H, Her J, Ban C. Dual aptamer-functionalized silica nanoparticles for the highly sensitive detection of breast cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:129-136. [PMID: 25897882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized dual aptamer-modified silica nanoparticles that simultaneously target two types of breast cancer cells: the mucin 1 (MUC1)(+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)(+) cell lines. Dual aptamer system enables a broad diagnosis for breast cancer in comparison with the single aptamer system. The dye-doped silica nanoparticles offer great stability with respect to photobleaching and enable the accurate quantification of breast cancer cells. The morphological and spectroscopic characteristics of the designed Dual-SiNPs were demonstrated via diverse methods such as DLS, zeta potential measurements, UV-vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Negatively charged Dual-SiNPs with a homogeneous size distribution showed robust and strong fluorescence. In addition, Dual-SiNPs did not affect cell viability, implying that this probe might be readily available for use in an in vivo system. Through ratio optimization of the MUC1 and HER2 aptamers, the binding capacities of the Dual-SiNPs to both cell lines were maximized. Based on Dual-SiNPs, a highly sensitive quantification of breast cancer cells was performed, resulting in a detection limit of 1 cell/100 μL, which is significantly lower compared with those reported in other studies. Moreover, the developed detection platform displayed high selectivity for only the MUC1(+) and HER2(+) cell lines. It is expected that this valuable diagnostic probe will be a noteworthy platform for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunho Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea.
| | - Jin Her
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea.
| | - Changill Ban
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea.
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30
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Lu W, Wang Y, Cao X, Li L, Dong J, Qian W. Multiplexing determination of lung cancer biomarkers using electrochemical and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic techniques. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A reliable immunosensor for simultaneous detection of carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin-19 by complementary advantages of the electrochemical and SERS technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Xiaowei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Jian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Weiping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
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31
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Truini A, Alama A, Dal Bello MG, Coco S, Vanni I, Rijavec E, Genova C, Barletta G, Biello F, Grossi F. Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumor Cells in Lung Cancer Patients by CellSearch System. Front Oncol 2014; 4:242. [PMID: 25237652 PMCID: PMC4154446 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells spread from the primary tumor into the bloodstream that might represent an important biomarker in lung cancer. The prognosis of patients diagnosed with lung cancer is generally poor mainly due to late diagnosis. Recent evidences have reported that tumor aggressiveness is associated with the presence of CTCs in the blood stream; therefore, several studies have focused their attention on CTC isolation, characterization, and clinical significance. So far, the CellSearch® system is the only approach approved by FDA for metastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer intended to detect CTCs of epithelial origin in whole blood and to assess prognosis. To date, no specific biomarkers have been validated in lung cancer and the identification of novel tumor markers such as CTCs might highly contribute to lung cancer prognosis and management. In the present review, the significance of CTC detection in lung cancer is examined through the analysis of the published studies in both non-small cell and small cell lung cancers; additionally the prognostic and the clinical role of CTC enumeration in treatment monitoring will be reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Truini
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - Angela Alama
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | | | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - Irene Vanni
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - Erika Rijavec
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - Carlo Genova
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
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