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Freitas LAB, Sousa C, Lima BS, Duarte D, Gomes PATDM, Ramos CGC, Costa VDCM, Pitta MGDR, Rêgo MJBDM, de Simone CA, Videira M, Leite ACL. Thiazolyl-isatin derivatives: Synthesis, in silico studies, in vitro biological profile against breast cancer cells, mRNA expression, P-gp modulation, and interactions of Akt2 and VIM proteins. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110954. [PMID: 38518852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The literature reports that thiazole and isatin nuclei present a range of biological activities, with an emphasis on anticancer activity. Therefore, our proposal was to make a series of compounds using the molecular hybridization strategy, which has been used by our research group, producing hybrid molecules containing the thiazole and isatin nuclei. After structural planning and synthesis, the compounds were characterized and evaluated in vitro against breast cancer cell lines (T-47D, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and against normal cells (PBMC). The activity profile on membrane proteins involved in chemoresistance and tumorigenic signaling proteins was also evaluated. Among the compounds tested, the compounds 4c and 4a stood out with IC50 values of 1.23 and 1.39 μM, respectively, against the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Both compounds exhibited IC50 values of 0.45 μM for the MCF-7 cell line. Compounds 4a and 4c significantly decreased P-gp mRNA expression levels in MCF-7, 4 and 2 folds respectively. Regarding the impact on tumorigenic signaling proteins, compound 4a inhibited Akt2 in MDA-MB-231 and compound 4c inhibited the mRNA expression of VIM in MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Alberto Barros Freitas
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carolina Sousa
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva Lima
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Denise Duarte
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Camila Gabriela Costa Ramos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto de Simone
- Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mafalda Videira
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Sabbah DA, Hajjo R, Bardaweel SK, Zhong HA. Targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in anticancer research: a recent update on inhibitor design and clinical trials (2020-2023). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:141-158. [PMID: 38557273 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2338100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent years have witnessed great achievements in drug design and development targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, a pathway central to cell growth and proliferation. The nearest neighbor protein-protein interaction networks for PI3K and AKT show the interplays between these target proteins which can be harnessed for drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the drug design and clinical development of inhibitors of PI3K/AKT in the past three years. We review in detail the structures, selectivity, efficacy, and combination therapy of 35 inhibitors targeting these proteins, classified based on the target proteins. Approaches to overcoming drug resistance and to minimizing toxicities are discussed. Future research directions for developing combinational therapy and PROTACs of PI3K and AKT inhibitors are also discussed. AREA COVERED This review covers clinical trial reports and patent literature on inhibitors of PI3K and AKT published between 2020 and 2023. EXPERT OPINION To address drug resistance and drug toxicity of inhibitors of PI3K and AKT, it is highly desirable to design and develop subtype-selective PI3K inhibitors or subtype-selective AKT1 inhibitors to minimize toxicity or to develop allosteric drugs that can form covalent bonds. The development of PROTACs of PI3Kα or AKT helps to reduce off-target toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Center for Epidemics and Communicable Disease Control (JCDC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haizhen A Zhong
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
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Qi X, Chen Y, Liu S, Liu L, Yu Z, Yin L, Fu L, Deng M, Liang S, Lü M. Sanguinarine inhibits melanoma invasion and migration by targeting the FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:696-709. [PMID: 37092313 PMCID: PMC10128503 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2200787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sanguinarine (SAG) is the most abundant constituent of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. (Popaceae). SAG has shown antimammary and colorectal metastatic effects in mice in vivo, suggesting its potential for cancer chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE To determine the antimetastatic effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of SAG on melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS CCK8 assay was used to determine the inhibition of SAG on the proliferation of A375 and A2058 cells. Network pharmacology analysis was applied to construct a compound-target network and select potential therapeutic targets of SAG against melanoma. Molecular docking simulation was conducted for further analysis of the selected targets. In vitro migration/invasion/western blot assay with 1, 1.5, 2 μM SAG and in vivo effect of 2, 4, 8 mg/kg SAG in xenotransplantation model in nude mice. RESULTS The key targets of SAG treatment for melanoma were mainly enriched in PI3K-AKT pathway, and the binding energy of SAG to PI3K, AKT, and mTOR were -6.33, -6.31, and -6.07 kcal/mol, respectively. SAG treatment inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of A375 and A2058 cells (p < 0.05) with IC50 values of 2.378 μM and 2.719 μM, respectively. It also decreased the phosphorylation levels of FAK, PI3K, AKT, mTOR and protein expression levels of MMP2 and ICAM-2. In the nude mouse xenograft model, 2, 4, 8 mg/kg SAG was shown to be effective in inhibiting tumour growth. CONCLUSIONS Our research offered a theoretical foundation for the clinical antitumor properties of SAG, further suggesting its potential application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- The Public Platform of Advanced Detecting Instruments, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases of Sichuan Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonglan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ling Yin
- The Public Platform of Advanced Detecting Instruments, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lu Fu
- The Public Platform of Advanced Detecting Instruments, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingming Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sicheng Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- The Public Platform of Advanced Detecting Instruments, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases of Sichuan Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- CONTACT Sicheng Liang Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; The Public Platform of Advanced Detecting Instruments, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases of Sichuan Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Muhan Lü
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases of Sichuan Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- Muhan Lü Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases of Sichuan Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
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Terrazzan A, Crudele F, Corrà F, Ancona P, Palatini J, Bianchi N, Volinia S. Inverse Impact of Cancer Drugs on Circular and Linear RNAs in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:ncrna9030032. [PMID: 37218992 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has previously been investigated in breast cancer. However, little is known about the effects of drugs on their regulation and relationship with the cognate linear transcript (linRNA). We analyzed the dysregulation of both 12 cancer-related circRNAs and their linRNAs in two breast cancer cell lines undergoing various treatments. We selected 14 well-known anticancer agents affecting different cellular pathways and examined their impact. Upon drug exposure circRNA/linRNA expression ratios increased, as a result of the downregulation of linRNA and upregulation of circRNA within the same gene. In this study, we highlighted the relevance of identifying the drug-regulated circ/linRNAs according to their oncogenic or anticancer role. Interestingly, VRK1 and MAN1A2 were increased by several drugs in both cell lines. However, they display opposite effects, circ/linVRK1 favors apoptosis whereas circ/linMAN1A2 stimulates cell migration, and only XL765 did not alter the ratio of other dangerous circ/linRNAs in MCF-7. In MDA-MB-231 cells, AMG511 and GSK1070916 decreased circGFRA1, as a good response to drugs. Furthermore, some circRNAs might be associated with specific mutated pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT in MCF-7 cells with circ/linHIPK3 correlating to cancer progression and drug-resistance, or NHEJ DNA repair pathway in TP-53 mutated MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Advanced Therapy Technologies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Crudele
- Genetics Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Corrà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pietro Ancona
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jeffrey Palatini
- Genomics Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Advanced Therapy Technologies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Centrum Nauk Biologiczno-Chemicznych (Biological and Chemical Research Centre), University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Sibilano M, Tullio V, Adorno G, Savini I, Gasperi V, Catani MV. Platelet-Derived miR-126-3p Directly Targets AKT2 and Exerts Anti-Tumor Effects in Breast Cancer Cells: Further Insights in Platelet-Cancer Interplay. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105484. [PMID: 35628294 PMCID: PMC9141257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the surrounding cells influencing tumor biology, platelets are recognized as novel players as they release microvesicles (MVs) that, once delivered to cancer cells, modulate signaling pathways related to cell growth and dissemination. We have previously shown that physiological delivery of platelet MVs enriched in miR-126 exerted anti-tumor effects in different breast cancer (BC) cell lines. Here, we seek further insight by identifying AKT2 kinase as a novel miR-126-3p direct target, as assessed by bioinformatic analysis and validated by luciferase assay. Both ectopic expression and platelet MV-mediated delivery of miR-126-3p downregulated AKT2 expression, thus suppressing proliferating and invading properties, in either triple negative (BT549 cells) or less aggressive Luminal A (MCF-7 cells) BC subtypes. Accordingly, as shown by bioinformatic analysis, both high miR-126 and low AKT2 levels were associated with favorable long-term prognosis in BC patients. Our results, together with the literature data, indicate that miR-126-3p exerts suppressor activity by specifically targeting components of the PIK3/AKT signaling cascade. Therefore, management of platelet-derived MV production and selective delivery of miR-126-3p to tumor cells may represent a useful tool in multimodal therapeutic approaches in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Sibilano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (V.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Valentina Tullio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (V.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Gaspare Adorno
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (V.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (V.T.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (M.V.C.); Tel.: +39-06-7259-6465 (V.G.); +39-06-7259-6465 (M.V.C.)
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (V.T.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (M.V.C.); Tel.: +39-06-7259-6465 (V.G.); +39-06-7259-6465 (M.V.C.)
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Peng Y, Wang Y, Zhou C, Mei W, Zeng C. PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway and Its Role in Cancer Therapeutics: Are We Making Headway? Front Oncol 2022; 12:819128. [PMID: 35402264 PMCID: PMC8987494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.819128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a severe public health issue that is a leading cause of mortality globally. It is also an impediment to improving life expectancy worldwide. Furthermore, the global burden of cancer incidence and death is continuously growing. Current therapeutic options are insufficient for patients, and tumor complexity and heterogeneity necessitate customized medicine or targeted therapy. It is critical to identify potential cancer therapeutic targets. Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has a significant role in carcinogenesis. This review summarized oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway alterations in cancer and various cancer hallmarks associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, such as cell proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemoresistance. Importantly, this review provided recent advances in PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor research. Overall, an in-depth understanding of the association between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and tumorigenesis and the development of therapies targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway will help make clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wuxuan Mei
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Cao YC, Shan SK, Guo B, Li CC, Li FXZ, Zheng MH, Xu QS, Wang Y, Lei LM, Tang KX, Ou-Yang WL, Duan JY, Wu YY, Ullah MHE, Zhou ZA, Xu F, Lin X, Wu F, Liao XB, Yuan LQ. Histone Lysine Methylation Modification and Its Role in Vascular Calcification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:863708. [PMID: 35784574 PMCID: PMC9243330 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.863708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation is an epigenetic change mediated by histone methyltransferase, and has been connected to the beginning and progression of several diseases. The most common ailments that affect the elderly are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. They are the leading causes of death, and their incidence is linked to vascular calcification (VC). The key mechanism of VC is the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like phenotypes, which is a highly adjustable process involving a variety of complex pathophysiological processes, such as metabolic abnormalities, apoptosis, oxidative stress and signalling pathways. Many researchers have investigated the mechanism of VC and related targets for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Their findings revealed that histone lysine methylation modification may play a key role in the various stages of VC. As a result, a thorough examination of the role and mechanism of lysine methylation modification in physiological and pathological states is critical, not only for identifying specific molecular markers of VC and new therapeutic targets, but also for directing the development of new related drugs. Finally, we provide this review to discover the association between histone methylation modification and VC, as well as diverse approaches with which to investigate the pathophysiology of VC and prospective treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Chi Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-Chun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Xin Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Lu Ou-Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Yue Duan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Yun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnain Ehsan Ullah
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Ang Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Qing Yuan,
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Sousa C, Duarte D, Silva-Lima B, Videira M. Repurposing Natural Dietary Flavonoids in the Modulation of Cancer Tumorigenesis: Decrypting the Molecular Targets of Naringenin, Hesperetin and Myricetin. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1188-1202. [PMID: 34739306 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1955285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years flavonoids have been gaining more attention regarding their (still un) exploited anticancer properties. Flavonoids are natural compounds present in fruits, vegetables, and seeds, meaning that they are already present in the daily life of every person, with a described broad-spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In the present review we discuss the anticancer activity of three important flavonoids - myricetin (MYR) (flavanol group), hesperetin (HESP) and naringenin (NAR) (flavanone group). Although some mechanisms underlying their activities remain still unclear, they can act as potential inhibitors of key tumorigenic signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p38 MAPK and NF-κB. Simultaneously, they can reset the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins that belong to the Bcl-2 and caspase family and decrease the intracellular levels of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Together with their synergetic effect they have the potential to become key elements in the prevention and/or treatment of several types of cancer, with the major improvement to the patient life quality, due to their non-existent toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Sousa
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Denise Duarte
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva-Lima
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Videira
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Miao L, Wang B, Zhang J, Yin L, Pu Y. A functional SNP in miR-625-5p binding site of AKT2 3'UTR is associated with noise-induced hearing loss susceptibility in the Chinese population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40782-40792. [PMID: 33768461 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of the current study were to investigate the association of a few of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the AKT2 gene and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) susceptibility and explore the potential mechanism underlying NIHL. Three SNPs (rs2304186, rs41275750, and rs76524493) were genotyped in a Chinese population which consists of 690 NIHL patients and 650 normal hearing controls. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted to predict the potential miRNA-binding site of SNPs. Plasmid construction, cell transfection, and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of SNPs involving in NIHL. The results revealed that rs2304186 GT genotype (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.09-1.83) and TT genotype (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.08-2.10) imparted increased risk of NIHL, and the increased risk could also be found in a dominant model (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.12-1.84). The stratification analysis showed that rs2304186 GT/TT conferred a higher risk for NIHL, especially in subgroups of male, age (35-45 and > 45 years), noise exposure time (> 16 years), and noise exposure level (≤ 85 and ≥ 92 dB), when GG genotype as a reference. Furthermore, the haplotype TCCTACT (rs2304186-rs41275750-rs76524493) was found to be significantly associated with a high risk of NIHL (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.02-1.40). Functional experiments showed that rs2304186 G allele combined with hsa-miR-625-5p mimics could significantly decrease the luciferase activity compared with T allele, indicating that rs2304186 altered the binding affinity of hsa-miR-625-5p to SNP rs2304186 mutation region, thus directly targeting AKT2 gene. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for the first time that SNP rs2304186 of AKT2 3'UTR might affect NIHL susceptibility by altering the binding affinity of has-miR-625-5p to mutation region in an allele-specific manner and it may act as a potential biomarker of NIHL susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Boshen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Xu T, Ou-Yang L, Yan H, Zhang XF. Time-Varying Differential Network Analysis for Revealing Network Rewiring over Cancer Progression. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 18:1632-1642. [PMID: 31647444 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2019.2949039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To reveal how gene regulatory networks change over cancer development, multiple time-varying differential networks between adjacent cancer stages should be estimated simultaneously. Since the network rewiring may be driven by the perturbation of certain individual genes, there may be some hub nodes shared by these differential networks. Although several methods have been developed to estimate differential networks from gene expression data, most of them are designed for estimating a single differential network, which neglect the similarities between different differential networks. In this article, we propose a new Gaussian graphical model-based method to jointly estimate multiple time-varying differential networks for identifying network rewiring over cancer development. A D-trace loss is used to determine the differential networks. A tree-structured group Lasso penalty is designed to identify the common hub nodes shared by different differential networks and the specific hub nodes unique to individual differential networks. Simulation experiment results demonstrate that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques in most cases. We also apply our method to The Cancer Genome Atlas data to explore gene network rewiring over different breast cancer stages. Hub nodes in the estimated differential networks rediscover well known genes associated with the development and progression of breast cancer.
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11
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Bahroudi Z, Shoorei H, Abbas Raza SH, Taheri M. The interplay between non-coding RNAs and Twist1 signaling contribute to human disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111220. [PMID: 33433357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) being coded by the TWIST1 gene. This TF has a fundamental effect on the normal development and in the pathogenesis of various diseases especially cancer. Twist1 has interactions with some long non-coding RNAs and miRNAs. The interactions between this TF and various miRNAs such as miR-16, miR-26b-5p, miR-1271, miR-539, miR-214, miR-200b/c, miR-335, miR-10b, and miR-381 are implicated in the carcinogenic processes. TP73-AS1, LINC01638, ATB, NONHSAT101069, CASC15, H19, PVT1, LINC00339, LINC01385, TANAR, SNHG5, DANCR, CHRF, and TUG1 are among long non-coding RNAs which interact with Twist1 and participate in the carcinogenesis. This review aims at depicting the interaction between these non-coding transcripts and Twist1 and the consequence of these interactions in human neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahroudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biranjd University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Xie M, Zhang Z, Cui Y. Long Noncoding RNA SNHG1 Contributes to the Promotion of Prostate Cancer Cells Through Regulating miR-377-3p/AKT2 Axis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:109-119. [PMID: 32077748 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNAs could serve as a candidate target for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and treatment. The current study aimed to investigate the role and functions of SNHG1 in PCa cells. Materials and Methods: Abnormal expression of SNHG1, survival analysis, and target gene were determined or predicted by bioinformatics techniques. Gene expressions at transcriptional and translational levels were determined by Quantitative Real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Cell viability, growth, and apoptosis rate were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay and flow cytometry. Results: The results showed that SNHG1 was highly expressed in PCa tissues, which was accompanied by decreased miR-377-3p expression and poor overall survival rate, and that miR-377-3p was predicted as the target of SNHG1 in PCa cells. Moreover, SNHG1 counteracted the effects of miR-377-3p on inhibiting cell growth and promoting apoptosis of PCa cells. Furthermore, miR-377-3p counteracted the effects of AKT2 on promoting cell viability, growth, and suppressing apoptosis of PCa cells. In addition, AKT2 expression was proved to be regulated by miR-377-3p. Conclusions: The SNHG1/miR-377-3p/AKT2 regulatory axis in PCa cells was disclosed. The upregulated AKT2 might be a result of dysregulated interaction balance between the expressions of miR-377-3p and SNHG1. Based on such discoveries, the intervention of SNHG1/miR-377-3p/AKT2 axis could be further explored in the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Xie
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao, Yantai, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao, Yantai, China
| | - Yupeng Cui
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao, Yantai, China
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13
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Zhang S, Li C, Liu J, Geng F, Shi X, Li Q, Lu Z, Pan Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transiton through regulation of the lncRNA MIR4435-2HG/miR-296-5p/Akt2/SNAI1 signaling pathway. FEBS J 2020; 287:4032-4047. [PMID: 31997506 PMCID: PMC7540502 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum, an anaerobic oral opportunistic pathogen associated with periodontitis, has been considered to be associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the initial host molecular alterations induced by F. nucleatum infection which may promote predisposition to malignant transformation through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) have not yet been clarified. In the present study, we monitored the ability of F. nucleatum to induce EMT‐associated features, and our results showed that F. nucleatum infection promoted cell migration in either noncancerous human immortalized oral epithelial cells (HIOECs) or the two OSCC cell lines SCC‐9 and HSC‐4, but did not accelerate cell proliferation or cell cycle progression. Mesenchymal markers, including N‐cadherin, Vimentin, and SNAI1, were upregulated, while E‐cadherin was decreased and was observed to translocate to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, FadA adhesin and heat‐inactivated F. nucleatum were found to cause a similar effect as the viable bacterial cells. The upregulated lncRNA MIR4435‐2HG identified by the high‐throughput sequencing was demonstrated to negatively regulate the expression of miR‐296‐5p, which was downregulated in F. nucleatum‐infected HIOECs and SCC‐9 cells. The binding of MIR4435‐2HG and miR‐296‐5p was validated via a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Additionally, knockdown of MIR4435‐2HG with siRNA leads to a decrease in SNAI1 expression, while miR‐296‐5p could further negatively and indirectly regulate SNAI1 expression via Akt2. Therefore, our study demonstrated that F. nucleatum infection could trigger EMT via lncRNA MIR4435‐2HG/miR‐296‐5p/Akt2/SNAI1 signaling pathway, and EMT process may be a probable link between F. nucleatum infection and initiation of oral epithelial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengxue Geng
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoting Shi
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ze Lu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Hinz N, Jücker M. Distinct functions of AKT isoforms in breast cancer: a comprehensive review. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:154. [PMID: 31752925 PMCID: PMC6873690 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AKT, also known as protein kinase B, is a key element of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, AKT regulates the hallmarks of cancer, e.g. tumor growth, survival and invasiveness of tumor cells. After AKT was discovered in the early 1990s, further studies revealed that there are three different AKT isoforms, namely AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3. Despite their high similarity of 80%, the distinct AKT isoforms exert non-redundant, partly even opposing effects under physiological and pathological conditions. Breast cancer as the most common cancer entity in women, frequently shows alterations of the PI3K/AKT signaling. MAIN CONTENT A plethora of studies addressed the impact of AKT isoforms on tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of breast cancer as well as on therapy response and overall survival in patients. Therefore, this review aimed to give a comprehensive overview about the isoform-specific effects of AKT in breast cancer and to summarize known downstream and upstream mechanisms. Taking account of conflicting findings among the studies, the majority of the studies reported a tumor initiating role of AKT1, whereas AKT2 is mainly responsible for tumor progression and metastasis. In detail, AKT1 increases cell proliferation through cell cycle proteins like p21, p27 and cyclin D1 and impairs apoptosis e.g. via p53. On the downside AKT1 decreases migration of breast cancer cells, for instance by regulating TSC2, palladin and EMT-proteins. However, AKT2 promotes migration and invasion most notably through regulation of β-integrins, EMT-proteins and F-actin. Whilst AKT3 is associated with a negative ER-status, findings about the role of AKT3 in regulation of the key properties of breast cancer are sparse. Accordingly, AKT1 is mutated and AKT2 is amplified in some cases of breast cancer and AKT isoforms are associated with overall survival and therapy response in an isoform-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS Although there are several discussed hypotheses how isoform specificity is achieved, the mechanisms behind the isoform-specific effects remain mostly unrevealed. As a consequence, further effort is necessary to achieve deeper insights into an isoform-specific AKT signaling in breast cancer and the mechanism behind it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hinz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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15
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PI3K/AKT Signaling in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtyping and Lymph Node Involvement. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:7832376. [PMID: 31781306 PMCID: PMC6875411 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7832376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node metastatic involvement persists to be among the most important predictors of recurrence and survival in breast carcinoma (BC). This study is aimed at investigating possible gene expression differences in primary BC between patients with or without lymph node involvement at the time of diagnosis. In a retrospective study, we investigated the potential prognostic role of 9 candidate biomarkers at the mRNA level in a cohort of 305 breast cancer patients, 151 lymph node-negative (LN-) and 154 lymph node-positive (LN+) individuals. The analyzed genes belonged to the RAS pathway (RAF1, ERBB2, PIK3CB, AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3), RB pathway (RB1 and CDK2), and cellular differentiation (KRT8). Their expression profiles were investigated by RT-qPCR and were correlated to immunohistochemically based molecular subtypes and BC clinical and pathological features. The differential expression of several genes in the primary tumor tissue was related to the LN involvement. Some of those genes, including PIK3CB, RB1, and AKT3, were more expressed in LN- BC patients, while some others, notably ERBB2 and AKT1, in LN+ ones. Among the candidate biomarkers, the expression levels of AKT isoforms influenced also patients' survival rates. In detail, higher expression levels of AKT1 and AKT2 negatively influenced overall patients' survival, and in particular, AKT2 expression levels defined a group of luminal B BC patients with shorter cancer-specific survival. On the contrary, longer cancer-specific survival was recorded in luminal A BC patients with higher expression levels of AKT3. That finding was also confirmed by Cox multivariate analysis. The same AKT3 resulted to be a possible candidate predictive biomarker for Tamoxifen response. In conclusion, our study highlighted the complex regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in BC and its differences in BC patients with and without lymph node involvement.
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16
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Wang Y, Bonavida B. A New Linkage between the Tumor Suppressor RKIP and Autophagy: Targeted Therapeutics. Crit Rev Oncog 2019; 23:281-305. [PMID: 30311561 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2018027211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complexities of molecular signaling in cancer cells have been hypothesized to mediate cross-network alterations of oncogenic processes such as uncontrolled cell growth, proliferation, acquisition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and resistance to cytotoxic therapies. The two biochemically exclusive processes/proteins examined in the present review are the metastasis suppressor Raf-1 kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) and the cell-intrinsic system of macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy). RKIP is poorly expressed in human cancer tissues, and low expression levels are correlated with high incidence of tumor growth, metastasis, poor treatment efficacy, and poor prognoses in cancer patients. By comparison, autophagy is a conserved cytoprotective degradation pathway that has been shown to influence the acquisition of resistance to hypoxia and nutrient depletion as well as the regulation of chemo-immuno-resistance and apoptotic evasion. Evidently, a broad library of cancer-relevant studies exists for RKIP and autophagy, although reports of the interactions between pathways involving RKIP and autophagy have been relatively sparse. To circumvent this limitation, the coordinate regulatory and effector mechanisms were examined for both RKIP and autophagy. Here, we propose three putative pathways that demonstrate the inherent pleiotropism and relevance of RKIP and the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3, LC3) on cell growth, proliferation, senescence, and EMT, among the hallmarks of cancer. Our findings suggest that signaling modules involving p53, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and Snail highlight the novel roles for RKIP in the control of autophagy and vice versa. The suggested potential crosstalk mechanisms are new areas of research in which to further study RKIP and autophagy in cancer models. These should lead to novel prognostic motifs and will provide alternative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of unresponsive aggressive cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1747
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1747
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17
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Parthasarathy S, Henry K, Pei H, Clayton J, Rempala M, Johns D, De Frutos O, Garcia P, Mateos C, Pleite S, Wang Y, Stout S, Condon B, Ashok S, Lu Z, Ehlhardt W, Raub T, Lai M, Geeganage S, Burkholder TP. Discovery of chiral dihydropyridopyrimidinones as potent, selective and orally bioavailable inhibitors of AKT. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1887-1891. [PMID: 29655979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During the course of our research efforts to develop potent and selective AKT inhibitors, we discovered enatiomerically pure substituted dihydropyridopyrimidinones (DHP) as potent inhibitors of protein kinase B/AKT with excellent selectivity against ROCK2. A key challenge in this program was the poor physicochemical properties of the initial lead compound 5. Integration of structure-based drug design and physical properties-based design resulted in replacement of a highly hydrophobic poly fluorinated aryl ring by a simple trifluoromethyl that led to identification of compound 6 with much improved physicochemical properties. Subsequent SAR studies led to the synthesis of new pyran analog 7 with improved cell potency. Further optimization of pharmacokintetics properties by increasing permeability with appropriate fluorinated alkyl led to compound 8 as a potent, selective AKT inhibitors that blocks the phosphorylation of GSK3β in vivo and had robust, dose and concentration dependent efficacy in the U87MG tumor xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Parthasarathy
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States.
| | - Kenneth Henry
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
| | - Huaxing Pei
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
| | - Josh Clayton
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
| | - Mark Rempala
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
| | - Deidre Johns
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
| | - Oscar De Frutos
- Lilly S.A., Avda.de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Garcia
- Lilly S.A., Avda.de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Lilly S.A., Avda.de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sehila Pleite
- Lilly S.A., Avda.de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yong Wang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
| | - Stephanie Stout
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
| | - Bradley Condon
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Sheela Ashok
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Zhohai Lu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
| | - William Ehlhardt
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
| | - Tom Raub
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
| | - Mei Lai
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
| | - Sandaruwan Geeganage
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
| | - Timothy P Burkholder
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285-0150, United States
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18
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Tang H, Massi D, Hemmings BA, Mandalà M, Hu Z, Wicki A, Xue G. AKT-ions with a TWIST between EMT and MET. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62767-62777. [PMID: 27623213 PMCID: PMC5308764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Twist is an important regulator of cranial suture during embryogenesis. Closure of the neural tube is achieved via Twist-triggered cellular transition from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype, a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by a remarkable increase in cell motility. In the absence of Twist activity, EMT and associated phenotypic changes in cell morphology and motility can also be induced, albeit moderately, by other transcription factor families, including Snail and Zeb. Aberrant EMT triggered by Twist in human mammary tumour cells was first reported to drive metastasis to the lung in a metastatic breast cancer model. Subsequent analysis of many types of carcinoma demonstrated overexpression of these unique EMT transcription factors, which statistically correlated with worse outcome, indicating their potential as biomarkers in the clinic. However, the mechanisms underlying their activation remain unclear. Interestingly, increasing evidence indicates they are selectively activated by distinct intracellular kinases, thereby acting as downstream effectors facilitating transduction of cytoplasmic signals into nucleus and reprogramming EMT and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) transcription to control cell plasticity. Understanding these relationships and emerging data indicating differential phosphorylation of Twist leads to complex and even paradoxical functionalities, will be vital to unlocking their potential in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Brian A Hemmings
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Zhengqiang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andreas Wicki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gongda Xue
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Wang F, Liu J, Zou Y, Jiao Y, Huang Y, Fan L, Li X, Yu H, He C, Wei W, Wang H, Sun G. MicroRNA-143-3p, up-regulated in H. pylori-positive gastric cancer, suppresses tumor growth, migration and invasion by directly targeting AKT2. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28711-28724. [PMID: 28404925 PMCID: PMC5438685 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have suggested a protective role for H. pylori infection in the prognosis of gastric cancer. Based on those findings, we hypothesized that H. pylori-positive and -negative gastric cancers may exhibit different growth patterns and pathobiological behaviors, indicating different mechanisms of cancer progression. By microarray analysis, we studied miRNAs expression profiles in 42 gastric cancer patients, comparing 21 H. pylori-positive and 21 H. pylori-negative groups. Luciferase reporter assay and western blot were used to examine the potential target genes of the interested miRNA. In the present study, 53 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in H. pylori-positive and -negative gastric cancer tissues. We investigated the expression and function of one candidate, miR-143-3p, which was the most significantly increased miRNA in H. pylori-positive gastric cancer tissues. We observed that miR-143-3p expression was significantly decreased in gastric cancer tissues and cells, which correlated with late stage and lymph node metastasis. Using gain- and loss-of-function experiments in vitro, we demonstrate that miR-143-3p negatively regulated cell growth, apoptosis, migration and invasion. We further characterized AKT2 as a novel direct target of miR-143-3p. Knockdown of AKT2 expression mimicked the effects of miR-143-3p restoration. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR-143-3p acts as a novel tumor suppressive miRNA by regulating tumor growth, migration and invasion through directly targeting AKT2 gene. Further investigation is warranted to characterize the mechanisms underlying gastric cancer progression and may eventually contribute to its therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jiatao Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yanfeng Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yawei Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Lulu Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Hanqing Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Chengqun He
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
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Dolcino M, Pelosi A, Fiore PF, Patuzzo G, Tinazzi E, Lunardi C, Puccetti A. Gene Profiling in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis Reveals the Presence of Oncogenic Gene Signatures. Front Immunol 2018; 9:449. [PMID: 29559981 PMCID: PMC5845728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by three pathogenetic hallmarks: vasculopathy, dysregulation of the immune system, and fibrosis. A particular feature of SSc is the increased frequency of some types of malignancies, namely breast, lung, and hematological malignancies. Moreover, SSc may also be a paraneoplastic disease, again indicating a strong link between cancer and scleroderma. The reason of this association is still unknown; therefore, we aimed at investigating whether particular genetic or epigenetic factors may play a role in promoting cancer development in patients with SSc and whether some features are shared by the two conditions. We therefore performed a gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from patients with limited and diffuse SSc, showing that the various classes of genes potentially linked to the pathogenesis of SSc (such as apoptosis, endothelial cell activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, immune response, and inflammation) include genes that directly participate in the development of malignancies or that are involved in pathways known to be associated with carcinogenesis. The transcriptional analysis was then complemented by a complex network analysis of modulated genes which further confirmed the presence of signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis. Since epigenetic mechanisms, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), are believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of SSc, we also evaluated whether specific cancer-related miRNAs could be deregulated in the serum of SSc patients. We focused our attention on miRNAs already found upregulated in SSc such as miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p, and on miR-155-5p, miR 126-3p and miR-16-5p known to be deregulated in malignancies associated to SSc, i.e., breast, lung, and hematological malignancies. miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-16-5p expression was significantly higher in SSc sera compared to healthy controls. Our findings indicate the presence of modulated genes and miRNAs that can play a predisposing role in the development of malignancies in SSc and are important for a better risk stratification of patients and for the identification of a better individualized precision medicine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dolcino
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Pelosi
- Immunology Area, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Tinazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Puccetti
- Immunology Area, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine - Section of Histology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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21
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Liu Y, Zhu ST, Wang X, Deng J, Li WH, Zhang P, Liu BS. MiR-200c regulates tumor growth and chemosensitivity to cisplatin in osteosarcoma by targeting AKT2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13598. [PMID: 29051585 PMCID: PMC5648776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) expression aberration has been discovered in almost all human cancers, thus offering a group of potential diagnostic markers, prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in tumorigenesis. Now our data showed that miR-200c, which is downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues, drives chemosensitivity to cisplatin in osteosarcoma. We demonstrated that AKT2 is a direct target of miR-200c, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of AKT2 and miR-200c in 35 pairs of osteosarcoma specimens were inversely correlated. Moreover, miR-200c inhibited cell proliferation and cell migration. Taken together, for the first time, our results demonstrate that miR-200c plays a significant role in osteosarcoma tumor growth and chemosensitivity by regulating AKT2, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Baobei Road 8, 475000, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
| | - Shu-Tao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Baobei Road 8, 475000, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Baobei Road 8, 475000, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Orthopedic, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Baobei Road 8, 475000, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Baobei Road 8, 475000, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Baobei Road 8, 475000, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Bing-Shan Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Baobei Road 8, 475000, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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22
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Zhou H, Huang Z, Chen X, Chen S. miR-98 inhibits expression of TWIST to prevent progression of non-small cell lung cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1453-1461. [PMID: 28415380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that micro RNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in tumor development. However, the role of miRNAs in lung cancer progression remains largely unknown. Herein, we found that miR-98 significantly impaired in patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and was a novel regulator of NSCLC progression. Patients with high miR-98 expression had a longer overall survival than with low miR-98 expression (p=0.0495). miR-98 expression level inversely correlated with TWIST mRNA level in 71 clinical tissue specimens of NSCLC (p<0.01). Luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-98 interacted binding sites in the TWIST 3'-UTR and reduced expression of TWIST, resulting in repression of cell migration and invasion via impeding TWIST-mediated EMT. Furthermore, introduction of synthetic miR-98 caused growth arrest by inactivating TWIST-Akt-CDK4/CDK6. Meanwhile, miR-98 mimic induced apoptosis by targeting TWIST-Akt axis. In a conclusion, these observations imply that miR-98 may act as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC to decelerate NSCLC aggressiveness by inhibiting TWIST expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhizhou Huang
- The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Size Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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23
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Riggio M, Perrone MC, Polo ML, Rodriguez MJ, May M, Abba M, Lanari C, Novaro V. AKT1 and AKT2 isoforms play distinct roles during breast cancer progression through the regulation of specific downstream proteins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44244. [PMID: 28287129 PMCID: PMC5347151 DOI: 10.1038/srep44244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms associated with the specific effects of AKT1 and AKT2 isoforms in breast cancer progression. We modulated the abundance of specific AKT isoforms in IBH-6 and T47D human breast cancer cell lines and showed that AKT1 promoted cell proliferation, through S6 and cyclin D1 upregulation, but it inhibited cell migration and invasion through β1-integrin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) downregulation. In contrast, AKT2 promoted cell migration and invasion through F-actin and vimentin induction. Thus, while overexpression of AKT1 promoted local tumor growth, downregulation of AKT1 or overexpression of AKT2 promoted peritumoral invasion and lung metastasis. Furthermore, we evaluated The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for invasive breast carcinomas and found that increased AKT2 but not AKT1 mRNA levels correlated with a worse clinical outcome. We conclude that AKT isoforms play specific roles in different steps of breast cancer progression, with AKT1 involved in the local tumor growth and AKT2 involved in the distant tumor dissemination, having AKT2 a poorer prognostic value and consequently being a worthwhile target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Riggio
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - María C Perrone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - María L Polo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - María J Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - María May
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - Martín Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas. Fac. Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional La Plata (1900), Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
| | - Virginia Novaro
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina
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24
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Cavaco MC, Pereira C, Kreutzer B, Gouveia LF, Silva-Lima B, Brito AM, Videira M. Evading P-glycoprotein mediated-efflux chemoresistance using Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 110:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Cao H, Liu Z, Wang R, Zhang X, Yi W, Nie G, Yu Y, Wang G, Zhu M. miR-148a suppresses human renal cell carcinoma malignancy by targeting AKT2. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:147-154. [PMID: 27878305 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-148a (miR-148a) has been reported to be deregulated in different tumor types, whereas the biological function of miR-148a in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) largely remains unexplored. In the present study we investigated the clinical significance, biological effects, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-148 in RCC. Here, we showed that miR-148a was significantly downregulated in RCC tissues and cell lines. Low expression of miR-148a in RCC tissues was associated with large tumor size, advanced TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Functional assays revealed that overexpression of miR-148a significantly inhibited RCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vitro and suppressed RCC xenograft tumor growth in vivo. In addition, using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assays, AKT2 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-148a. AKT2 expression was upregulated, and was negatively correlated with miR-148a expression in RCC tissues (r=-0.641, P<0.001). Silencing of AKT2 phenotypically copied miR-148a-induced phenotypes, whereas re-expression of AKT2 reversed the suppressive effects of miR-148a in RCC cells. Further mechanistic investigations showed that miR-148a exerted its antitumor activity via inhibition of the AKT pathway in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-148a functions as tumor suppressor in RCC by targeting AKT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Cao
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Wenfa Yi
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Guanyuan Nie
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Guolu Wang
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Mingting Zhu
- Department of Urological Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
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26
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Zhang D, Piao HL, Li YH, Qiu Q, Li DJ, Du MR, Tsang BK. Inhibition of AKT sensitizes chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by abrogating S and G2/M arrest. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100:506-13. [PMID: 27163202 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is frequently altered in human malignancies and Akt over-expression and/or activation induces malignant transformation and chemoresistance. However, the role of Akt in the mechanisms of chemoresistance remains elusive. Here we reported that cisplatin treatment of chemosensitive, but not resistant, ovarian cancer cells (OVCAs) markedly increased the cell proportion in sub-G1 phase. Cisplatin however caused a significant accumulation of the resistant cells in S and G2/M phases, which was associated with a rapid and sustained checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) activation. In contrast, while cisplatin also elicited a rapid activation of Chk1 in sensitive cells, it markedly decreased total ChK1 and phospho-Chk1 contents over 12 h. Over-expression of dominant negative (DN)-AKT alone increased phospho-Chk1 content, and induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis. However, it inhibited Chk1 activation and G2/M arrest with combination of cisplatin treatment, resulting in p53-independent apoptosis. Furthermore, the responses of the chemoresistant cells to cisplatin were attenuated with forced expression of constitutive active AKT2. Chk1 knock-down also facilitated cisplatin-induced apoptosis in chemoresistant cells. Our studies implicate that, in addition to its cell survival and anti-apoptotic actions, Akt might also play an important role in the regulation of G2-M transition, possibly via up-regulation of Chk1 activity and stability. These data provide strong support for the concept that Akt is important in cell cycle regulation in the control of chemosensitivity in OVCAs and offers an alternate regulatory pathway for the development of rationale therapy for cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hai-Lan Piao
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qing Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mei-Rong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and the Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
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27
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Inoue K, Fry EA. Novel Molecular Markers for Breast Cancer. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:25-42. [PMID: 26997872 PMCID: PMC4790586 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s38394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecular biomarkers assures that breast cancer (BC) patients receive optimal treatment. Established biomarkers, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, and Ki67, have been playing significant roles in the subcategorization of BC to predict the prognosis and decide the specific therapy to each patient. Antihormonal therapy using 4-hydroxytamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors have been employed in patients whose tumor cells express hormone receptors, while monoclonal antibody to HER2 has been administered to HER2-positive BCs. Although new therapeutic agents have been developed in the past few decades, many patients still die of the disease due to relapse; thus, novel molecular markers that predict therapeutic failure and those that can be targets for specific therapy are expected. We have chosen four of such molecules by reviewing recent publications, which are cyclin E, B-Myb, Twist, and DMP1β. The oncogenicity of these molecules has been demonstrated in vivo and/or in vitro through studies using transgenic mice or siRNAs, and their expressions have been shown to be associated with shortened overall or disease-free survival of BC patients. The former three molecules have been shown to accelerate epithelial-mesenchymal transition that is often associated with cancer stem cell-ness and metastasis; all these four can be novel therapeutic targets as well. Thus, large prospective studies employing immunohistochemistry will be needed to establish the predictive values of these molecules in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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28
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Hsp90 as a "Chaperone" of the Epigenome: Insights and Opportunities for Cancer Therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 129:107-40. [PMID: 26916003 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The cellular functions of Hsp90 have historically been attributed to its ability to chaperone client proteins involved in signal transduction. Although numerous stimuli and the signaling cascades they activate contribute to cancer progression, many of these pathways ultimately require transcriptional effectors to elicit tumor-promoting effects. Despite this obvious connection, the majority of studies evaluating Hsp90 function in malignancy have focused upon its regulation of cytosolic client proteins, and particularly members of receptor and/or kinase families. However, in recent years, Hsp90 has emerged as a pivotal orchestrator of nuclear events. Discovery of an expanding repertoire of Hsp90 clients has illuminated a vital role for Hsp90 in overseeing nuclear events and influencing gene transcription. Hence, this chapter will cast a spotlight upon several regulatory themes involving Hsp90-dependent nuclear functions. Highlighted topics include a summary of chaperone-dependent regulation of key transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic effectors in malignancy, as well as a discussion of how the complex interplay among a subset of these TFs and epigenetic regulators may generate feed-forward loops that further support cancer progression. This chapter will also highlight less recognized indirect mechanisms whereby Hsp90-supported signaling may impinge upon epigenetic regulation. Finally, the relevance of these nuclear events is discussed within the framework of Hsp90's capacity to enable phenotypic variation and drug resistance. These newly acquired insights expanding our understanding of Hsp90 function support the collective notion that nuclear clients are major beneficiaries of Hsp90 action, and their impairment is likely responsible for many of the anticancer effects elicited by Hsp90-targeted approaches.
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