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Xing L, Kong F, Wang C, Li L, Peng S, Wang D, Li C. The amelioration of a purified Pleurotus abieticola polysaccharide on atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:79-95. [PMID: 38031758 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02740f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a polysaccharide known as PAPS2 was eluted from Pleurotus abieticola fruiting bodies using 0.1 M NaCl solutions. PAPS2 has a Mw of 19.64 kDa and its backbone is mainly composed of →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and →2,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→ residues, and its branches mainly end with β-D-Manp-(1→, which is attached at C2 of →2,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→. PAPS2 elicited several effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice. It significantly reduced the body weight, liver index, and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TGs), and it alleviated lipid accumulation in the aorta. Intestinal microflora analysis showed that PAPS2 suppressed the abundances of Adlercreutzia, Turicibacter, and Helicobacter and enriched that of Roseburia. It also influenced lipid metabolism, suggesting that it reduced the levels of TGs, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and ceramide (Cer). Moreover, it suppressed oxidative response by increasing nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2)-related factor expression and activating the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) to reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, it showed anti-inflammatory effects partially related to the inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, as well as in the aorta of HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. This study provides experimental evidence of the auxiliary applicability of PAPS2 in atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xing
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Fange Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shichao Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Di Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Changtian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Hallén J, Sreeharan N. Development of triglyceride-lowering drugs to address residual cardiovascular risk: strategic and clinical considerations. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2019; 4:237-242. [PMID: 30060063 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvy029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia is high and growing in several parts of the world. Hypertriglyceridaemia has a well-defined association with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease and triglycerides represent a potential target for drugs aimed at mitigating CV risk. So far, no triglyceride-lowering pharmacological strategy has succeeded in conclusively showing the ability to modify clinical outcomes. This article discusses strategic and clinical aspects of development of triglyceride-lowering drugs to address CV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hallén
- Novartis Norge AS, Nydalen Alle 37, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadarajah Sreeharan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, James Clerk Maxwell Building, 57 Waterloo Road, London, UK
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Sirtori CR, Labombarda F, Castelnuovo S, Perry R. The use of echocardiography for the non-invasive evaluation of coronary artery disease. Ann Med 2017; 49:134-141. [PMID: 27685024 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2016.1243801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Western world, there are now millions of patients who undergo clinical procedures that evaluate coronary artery status each year. Methods span from direct imaging using angiography, computerized tomography, to nuclear magnetic imaging as well as to functional studies, such as positron emission tomography. These techniques have provided significant information to physicians, but there is still need for an improved accessibility. Angiographic methods are expensive and expose the patient to significant amounts of radiation, undesirable in younger patients. Among the novel technologies for coronary diagnostics, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) of coronary arteries has provided an important alternative, particularly in everyday practice. Diagnostic arterial TTE can allow determination of the coronary wall lumen in at least three major coronary segments (left main [LM], left arterial descending [LAD] and right coronary artery [RCA]). Coronary wall thickness using the LAD has been preliminarily shown to be related to the risk of coronary events. Since it is well ascertained that coronary lesions found in any location indicate that at least 80% of the coronary tree is affected, this is very important clinical information. Evaluation of coronary status by TTE is a novel technology providing important information in ischemic syndromes, in cases of coronary malformations and other coronary diseases. KEY MESSAGES Coronary evaluation can be carried out by a variety of both invasive and non-invasive methods, many requiring radiation exposure or patient immobility. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) of the coronaries can, in particular, evaluate the coronary wall thickness, and this may be directly related to the coronary disease risk. TTE is a useful method for the monitoring of coronary flow reserve and can allow the detection of coronary malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare R Sirtori
- a Center E. Grossi Paoletti, University of Milano and Dyslipidemia Center, Niguarda Hospital , Milano , Italy
| | | | - Samuela Castelnuovo
- a Center E. Grossi Paoletti, University of Milano and Dyslipidemia Center, Niguarda Hospital , Milano , Italy
| | - Rebecca Perry
- c Cardiac Imaging Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide , National Heart Foundation Post-Doctoral Fellow, Flinders University , Adelaide , SA , Australia
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