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Ju X, Wang K, Wang C, Zeng C, Wang Y, Yu J. Regulation of myofibroblast dedifferentiation in pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2024; 25:284. [PMID: 39026235 PMCID: PMC11264880 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a lethal, progressive, and irreversible condition that has become a significant focus of medical research due to its increasing incidence. This rising trend presents substantial challenges for patients, healthcare providers, and researchers. Despite the escalating burden of pulmonary fibrosis, the available therapeutic options remain limited. Currently, the United States Food and Drug Administration has approved two drugs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis-nintedanib and pirfenidone. However, their therapeutic effectiveness is limited, and they cannot reverse the fibrosis process. Additionally, these drugs are associated with significant side effects. Myofibroblasts play a central role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis, significantly contributing to its progression. Consequently, strategies aimed at inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation or promoting their dedifferentiation hold promise as effective treatments. This review examines the regulation of myofibroblast dedifferentiation, exploring various signaling pathways, regulatory targets, and potential pharmaceutical interventions that could provide new directions for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Ju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Congjian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Li J, Song H, Chen T, Zhang S, Zhang C, Ma C, Zhang L, Wang T, Qian Y, Deng X. Lysine Methyltransferase 5A Promotes the Progression of Growth Hormone Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Neuroendocrinology 2024; 114:589-601. [PMID: 38565081 PMCID: PMC11152009 DOI: 10.1159/000538560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth hormone (GH) secreting pituitary adenoma is considered one of the most harmful types of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs). Our previous research has found that high expression of Lysine methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) is closely related to the proliferation of PitNETs. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of KMT5A in the progression of GH PitNETs. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and Western blot (WB) were used to assess the expression levels of KMT5A in human normal pituitary and GH PitNETs, as well as in rat normal pituitary and GH3 cells. Additionally, we utilized RNA interference technology and treatment with a selective KMT5A inhibitor to decrease the expression of KMT5A in GH3 cells. CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry (FCM), clone formation, and WB assay were further employed to evaluate the impact of KMT5A on the proliferation of GH3 cells in vitro. A xenograft model was established to evaluate the role of KMT5A in GH PitNETs progression in vivo. RESULTS KMT5A was highly expressed in GH PitNETs and GH3 cells. Moreover, the reduction of KMT5A expression led to inhibited growth of GH PitNETs and increased apoptosis of tumor cells, as indicated by the findings from CCK-8, EdU, clone formation, and FCM assays. Additionally, WB analysis identified the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as a potential mechanism through which KMT5A promotes GH PitNETs progression. CONCLUSION Our research suggests that KMT5A may facilitate the progression of GH PitNETs via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, KMT5A may serve as a potential therapeutic target and molecular biomarker for GH PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Sixi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Xiangyang First People’s Hospital, Xiangyang, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lingye Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- The Clinical Medical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Yunnan Joint Key Laboratory), Kunming City of Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Kunming City of Women and Children Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xingli Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Puer People’s Hospital, Puer, China
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Mutso M, Brūmele B, Serova E, Väärtnõu F, Suija M, Kurg R. The methyltransferase N6AMT1 participates in the cell cycle by regulating cyclin E levels. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298884. [PMID: 38394175 PMCID: PMC10889616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The methyltransferase N6AMT1 has been associated with the progression of different pathological conditions, such as tumours and neurological malfunctions, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Analysis of N6AMT1-depleted cells revealed that N6AMT1 is involved in the cell cycle and cell proliferation. In N6AMT1-depleted cells, the cell doubling time was increased, and cell progression out of mitosis and the G0/G1 and S phases was disrupted. It was discovered that in N6AMT1-depleted cells, the transcription of cyclin E was downregulated, which indicates that N6AMT1 is involved in the regulation of cyclin E transcription. Understanding the functions and importance of N6AMT1 in cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation is essential for developing treatments and strategies to control diseases that are associated with N6AMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Mutso
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Baiba Brūmele
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evgeniia Serova
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fred Väärtnõu
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Suija
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reet Kurg
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Abstract
H4K20me1 (histone H4 monomethylated at lysine 20) generally has a broad distribution along genes and has been reported to be associated with expressed and repressed genes. In contrast, H3K4me3 (histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 4) is positioned as a narrow peak at the 5' end of most expressed genes in vertebrate cells. A small population of genes involved in cell identity has H3K4me3 distributed throughout the gene body. In this report, we show that H4K20me1 is associated with expressed genes in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer MCF7 cells and erythroleukemic K562 cells. Further, we identified the genes with the broadest H4K20me1 domains in these two cell types. The broad H4K20me1 domain marked gene bodies of expressed genes, but not the promoter or enhancer regions. The most significant GO term (biological processes) of these genes was cytoplasmic translation. There was little overlap between the genes marked with the broad H4K20me1 domain and those marked with H3K4me3. H4K20me1 and H3K79me2 distributions along expressed gene bodies were similar, suggesting a relationship between the enzymes catalyzing these histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Fatemiyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
| | - James R Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
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Li D, Tian T, Ko CN, Yang C. Prospect of targeting lysine methyltransferase NSD3 for tumor therapy. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106839. [PMID: 37400043 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 3 (NSD3) has recently been recognized as a new epigenetic target in the fight against cancer. NSD3, which is amplified, overexpressed or mutated in a variety of tumors, promotes tumor development by regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair and EMT. Therefore, the inhibition, silencing or knockdown of NSD3 are highly promising antitumor strategies. This paper summarizes the structure and biological functions of NSD3 with an emphasis on its carcinogenic or cancer-promoting activity. The development of NSD3-specific inhibitors or degraders is also discussed and reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Tiantian Tian
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519087, China
| | - Chung-Nga Ko
- C-MER Dennis Lam and Partners Eye Center, Hong Kong International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center For Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China.
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Liao Q, Yang J, Ge S, Chai P, Fan J, Jia R. Novel insights into histone lysine methyltransferases in cancer therapy: From epigenetic regulation to selective drugs. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:127-141. [PMID: 36908859 PMCID: PMC9999304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The reversible and precise temporal and spatial regulation of histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) is essential for epigenome homeostasis. The dysregulation of KMTs is associated with tumor initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance, invasiveness, and the immune microenvironment. Therapeutically, their promising effects are being evaluated in diversified preclinical and clinical trials, demonstrating encouraging outcomes in multiple malignancies. In this review, we have updated recent understandings of KMTs' functions and the development of their targeted inhibitors. First, we provide an updated overview of the regulatory roles of several KMT activities in oncogenesis, tumor suppression, and immune regulation. In addition, we summarize the current targeting strategies in different cancer types and multiple ongoing clinical trials of combination therapies with KMT inhibitors. In summary, we endeavor to depict the regulation of KMT-mediated epigenetic landscape and provide potential epigenetic targets in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
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Yang C, Li D, Zang S, Zhang L, Zhong Z, Zhou Y. Mechanisms of carcinogenic activity triggered by lysine-specific demethylase 1A. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:955218. [PMID: 36059955 PMCID: PMC9428822 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.955218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has emerged as a prime focus area in the field of cancer research. Lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1), the first discovered histone demethylase, is mainly responsible for catalysing demethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3K9 to activate or inhibit gene transcription. LSD1 is abnormally expressed in various cancers and participates in cancer proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, drug resistance and other processes by interacting with regulatory factors. Therefore, it may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. This review summarises the major oncogenic mechanisms mediated by LSD1 and provides a reference for developing novel and efficient anticancer strategies targeting LSD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation and Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resource, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaohong Zang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation and Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Yingtang Zhou,
| | - Yingtang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation and Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Yingtang Zhou,
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8
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Shi L, Huang L, Long H, Song A, Zhou Z. Structural basis of nucleosomal H4K20 methylation by methyltransferase SET8. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22338. [PMID: 35532550 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101821r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone H4 lysine 20 monomethylation (H4K20me1) plays a crucial role in multiple processes including DNA damage repair, DNA replication, and cell cycle control. Histone methyltransferase SET8 (previously named PR-Set7/KMT5A) mediates the chromatin deposition of H4K20me1, but how SET8 recognizes and modifies H4 in the context of the nucleosome is not fully understood. Here, we developed a simple chemical modification approach for H4K20 substitution by using the lysine analog S-ethyl-L-cysteine (Ecx). Substitution of H4K20 with H4Ecx20 improves the stability of the SET8-nucleosome complex, allowing us to determine the cryo-EM structure at 3.2 Å resolution. Structural analyses show that SET8 directly interacts with the H4 tail and the H2A-H2B acidic patch to ensure nucleosome binding. SET8 residues R339, K341, K351 make contact with nucleosomal DNA at the super helical location 2 (SHL2). Substitution of SET8 DNA-binding residues with alanines decreases the SET8-nucleosome interaction and impairs the methyltransferase activity. Disrupting the binding between SET8 R192 and H2A-H2B acidic patch decreases the cellular level of H4K20me1. Together, these results reveal a near-atomic resolution structure of SET8-bound nucleosome and provide insights into the SET8-mediated H4K20 recognition and modification. The lysine-to-Ecx substitution approach can be applied to the study of other methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxin Shi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Huang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haizhen Long
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aoqun Song
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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