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Chen F, Zhong H, Chan G, Ouyang D. A Comprehensive Analysis of Biopharmaceutical Products Listed in the FDA's Purple Book. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:88. [PMID: 38637407 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although biopharmaceuticals constitute around 10% of the drug landscape, eight of the ten top-selling products were biopharmaceuticals in 2023. This study did a comprehensive analysis of the FDA's Purple Book database. Firstly, our research uncovered market trends and provided insights into biologics distributions. According to the investigation, although biotechnology has advanced and legislative shifts have made the approval process faster, there are still challenges to overcome, such as molecular instability and formulation design. Moreover, our research comprehensively analyzed biological formulations, pointing out significant strategies regarding administration routes, dosage forms, product packaging, and excipients. In conjunction with biologics, the widespread integration of innovative delivery strategies will be implemented to confront the evolving challenges in healthcare and meet an expanding array of treatment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuduan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
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Torres-Obreque K, Kleingesinds EK, Santos JHPM, Carretero G, Rabelo J, Converti A, Monteiro G, Pessoa A, Rangel-Yagui CO. PEGylation versus glycosylation: effect on the thermodynamics and thermostability of crisantaspase. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:503-513. [PMID: 37698175 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2249100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermostability is an important and desired feature of therapeutic proteins and is critical for the success or failure of protein drugs development. It can be increased by PEGylation-binding of poly(ethylene glycol) moieties-or glycosylation-post-translational modification to add glycans. Here, the thermostability and thermodynamic parameters of native, PEGylated, and glycosylated versions of the antileukemic enzyme crisantaspase were investigated. First-order kinetics was found to describe the irreversible deactivation process. Activation energy of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction (E*) was estimated for native, PEGylated, and glycosylated enzyme (10.2, 14.8, and 18.8 kJ mol-1 respectively). Half-life decreased progressively with increasing temperature, and longer half-life was observed for PEG-crisantaspase (87.74 min) at 50 °C compared to the native form (9.79 min). The activation energy of denaturation of PEG-crisantaspase (307.1 kJ mol-1) was higher than for crisantaspase (218.1 kJ mol-1) and Glyco-crisantaspase (120.0 kJ mol-1), which means that more energy is required to overcome the energy barrier of the unfolding process. According to our results, PEG-crisantaspase is more thermostable than its native form, while Glyco-crisantaspase is more thermosensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Torres-Obreque
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João H P M Santos
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Carretero
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jheniffer Rabelo
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlota O Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tripathy RK, Anakha J, Pande AH. Towards development of biobetter: L-asparaginase a case study. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130499. [PMID: 37914146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-asparaginase (ASNase) has played a key role in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). As an amidohydrolase, it catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine, a crucial step in the treatment of ALL. Various ASNase variants have evolved from diverse sources since it was first used in paediatric patients in the 1960s. This review describes the available ASNase and approaches being used to develop ASNase as a biobetter candidate. SCOPE OF REVIEW The review discusses the Glycosylation and PEGylation techniques, which are frequently used to develop biobetter versions of the majority of the therapeutic proteins. Further, it explores current ASNase biobetters in therapeutic use and discusses the protein engineering and chemical modification approaches that were employed to reduce immunogenicity, extend protein half-life, and enhance protease stability of ASNase. Emerging strategies like immobilization and encapsulation are also highlighted as potential pathways for improving ASNase properties. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The purpose of the development of ASNase biobetter is to achieve a novel therapeutic candidate that could improve catalytic efficiency, in vivo stability with minimum glutaminase (GLNase) activity and toxicity. Modification of ASNase by immobilization and encapsulation or by fusion technologies like Albumin fusion, Fc fusion, ELP fusion, XTEN fusion, etc. can be exploited to develop a novel biobetter candidate suitable for therapeutic approaches. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review emphasizes the importance of biobetter development for therapeutic proteins like ASNase. Improved ASNase molecules have the potential to significantly advance the treatment of ALL and have broader implications in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan K Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - J Anakha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
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Glaspy J, Bondarenko I, Burdaeva O, Chen J, Rutty D, Li R, Wang S, Hou Q, Li S. Efbemalenograstim alfa, an Fc fusion protein, long-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for reducing the risk of febrile neutropenia following chemotherapy: results of a phase III trial. Support Care Cancer 2023; 32:34. [PMID: 38103088 PMCID: PMC10725375 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate the safety and efficacy of efbemalenograstim alfa for reducing the risk of febrile neutropenia in breast cancer patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy. METHODS A phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. A total of 122 subjects received up to 4 cycles of TA chemotherapy (75 mg/m2 docetaxel + 60 mg/m2 doxorubicin). Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to subcutaneously inject a single 20 mg of efbemalenograstim alfa or placebo on day 2 of cycle 1, and all subjects received efbemalenograstim alfa on day 2 of cycles 2, 3, and 4. Duration of severe (grade 4) neutropenia (DSN), depth of neutrophil nadir, incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN), time to neutrophil recovery, and safety information were recorded. RESULTS For the primary endpoint, the mean DSN in cycle 1 was 1.3 days and 3.9 days for efbemalenograstim alfa and placebo respectively (95% CI, 2.3, 3.4). As the lower bound of the 95% CI was > 0, superiority of efbemalenograstim alfa over placebo can be declared. In addition, the incidence of FN in Cycle 1 was lower in efbemalenograstim alfa group than in placebo group (4.8% vs. 25.6%; p = 0.0016). Patients in the efbemalenograstim alfa group required less intravenous antibiotics (3.6% vs. 17.9%; p = 0.0119). Most adverse events were consistent with those expected for breast cancer patient receiving TA chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Efbemalenograstim alfa is effective and safe for significantly decreasing the duration of severe neutropenia and the incidence of febrile neutropenia in breast cancer patients who are receiving TA chemotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02872103, August 19, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Glaspy
- UCLA School of Medicine, UCLA Medical Plaza, 100Suite 550, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6956, USA.
| | - Igor Bondarenko
- Oncology and Medical Radiology Dept, Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
| | - Olga Burdaeva
- Arkhangelsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Evive Biotechnology (Shanghai) Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Dean Rutty
- Everest Clinical Research, Markham, ON, Canada
| | - Renshu Li
- Evive Biotechnology (Shanghai) Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Evive Biotechnology (Shanghai) Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingsong Hou
- Evive Biotechnology (Shanghai) Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Simon Li
- Evive Biotechnology (Shanghai) Ltd, Shanghai, China
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Alharbi B, Qanash H, Binsaleh NK, Alharthi S, Elasbali AM, Gharekhan CH, Mahmoud M, Lioudakis E, O'Leary JJ, Doherty DG, Mohamed BM, Gray SG. Proof of concept nanotechnological approach to in vitro targeting of malignant melanoma for enhanced immune checkpoint inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7462. [PMID: 37156818 PMCID: PMC10167246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have limitations in their effective treatment of malignancies. The immunosuppressive environment associated with the tumor microenvironment may prevent the achievement of optimal outcomes for immune checkpoint inhibitors alone, and nanotechnology-based platforms for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents are increasingly being investigated for their potential to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In this manuscript, nanoparticles were designed with appropriate size and surface characteristics to enhance their retention of payload so that they can transmit their loaded drugs to the tumor. We aimed to enhance immune cell stimulation by a small molecule inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 (BMS202) using nanodiamonds (ND). Melanoma cells with different disease stages were exposed to bare NDs, BMS202-NDs or BMS202 alone for 6 h. Following this, melanoma cells were co-cultured with freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). The effects of this treatment combination on melanoma cells were examined on several biological parameters including cell viability, cell membrane damage, lysosomal mass/pH changes and expression of γHA2X, and caspase 3. Exposing melanoma cells to BMS202-NDs led to a stronger than normal interaction between the hPBMCs and the melanoma cells, with significant anti-proliferative effects. We therefore conclude that melanoma therapy has the potential to be enhanced by non-classical T-cell Immune responses via immune checkpoint inhibitors delivered by nanodiamonds-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Qanash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif K Binsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Alharthi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Arts and Science, Najran University, Najran, 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulbaset M Elasbali
- Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakaka, 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandranil H Gharekhan
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Cochin, India
| | | | - Emmanouil Lioudakis
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek G Doherty
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bashir M Mohamed
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Steven G Gray
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Under the Umbrella of Clinical Pharmacology: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Infliximab and Adalimumab, and a Bridge to an Era of Biosimilars. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091766. [PMID: 36145514 PMCID: PMC9505802 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of many chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a term that comprises two quite similar, yet distinctive, disorders—Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Two blockbuster MAbs, infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADL), transformed the pharmacological approach of treating CD and UC. However, due to the complex interplay of pharmacology and immunology, MAbs face challenges related to their immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety. To ease the burden of IBD and other severe diseases, biosimilars have emerged as a cost-effective alternative to an originator product. According to the current knowledge, biosimilars of IFX and ADL in IBD patients are shown to be as safe and effective as their originators. The future of biosimilars, in general, is promising due to the potential of making the health care system more sustainable. However, their use is accompanied by misconceptions regarding their effectiveness and safety, as well as by controversy regarding their interchangeability. Hence, until a scientific consensus is achieved, scientific data on the long-term effectiveness and safety of biosimilars are needed.
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Ciucci G, Colliva A, Vuerich R, Pompilio G, Zacchigna S. Biologics and cardiac disease: challenges and opportunities. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:894-905. [PMID: 35779965 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Biologics are revolutionizing the treatment of chronic diseases, such as cancer and monogenic disorders, by overcoming the limits of classic therapeutic approaches using small molecules. However, the clinical use of biologics is limited for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) , which are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here, we review the state-of-the-art use of biologics for cardiac disorders and provide a framework for understanding why they still struggle to enter the field. Some limitations are common and intrinsic to all biological drugs, whereas others depend on the complexity of cardiac disease. In our opinion, delineating these struggles will be valuable in developing and accelerating the approval of a new generation of biologics for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ciucci
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, ICGEB Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Colliva
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, ICGEB Trieste, Trieste, Italy; University of Trieste, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roman Vuerich
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, ICGEB Trieste, Trieste, Italy; University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, ICGEB Trieste, Trieste, Italy; University of Trieste, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Trieste, Italy.
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Boeck P, Archer N, Tanaka J, You W. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Step-Growth Polymerization with Commercially Available Inexpensive Bis-Maleimides. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, commercially available N-aromatic substituted bismaleimides were used in RAFT step-growth polymerization for the first time. In our initial report (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143 (39), 15918-15923), maleimide precursors...
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