1
|
Ou LP, Liu YJ, Qiu ST, Yang C, Tang JX, Li XY, Liu HF, Ye ZN. Glutaminolysis is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Kidney Diseases. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2789-2807. [PMID: 39072347 PMCID: PMC11283263 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s471711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming contributes to the progression and prognosis of various kidney diseases. Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body and participates in more metabolic processes than other amino acids. Altered glutamine metabolism is a prominent feature in different kidney diseases. Glutaminolysis converts glutamine into the TCA cycle metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate, via a cascade of enzymatic reactions. This metabolic pathway plays pivotal roles in inflammation, maladaptive repair, cell survival and proliferation, redox homeostasis, and immune regulation. Given the crucial role of glutaminolysis in bioenergetics and anaplerotic fluxes in kidney pathogenesis, studies on this cascade could provide a better understanding of kidney diseases, thus inspiring the development of potential methods for targeted therapy. Emerging evidence has shown that targeting glutaminolysis is a promising therapeutic strategy for ameliorating kidney disease. In this narrative review, equation including keywords related to glutamine, glutaminolysis and kidney are subjected to an exhaustive search on Pubmed database, we identified all relevant articles published before 1 April, 2024. Afterwards, we summarize the regulation of glutaminolysis in major kidney diseases and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight therapeutic strategies targeting glutaminolysis and their potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Ou
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jian Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Tong Qiu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Nan Ye
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu C, Zheng R, Han X, Tang Z, Li F, Hu X, Lin R, Shen J, Pei Q, Wang R, Wei G, Peng Z, Chen W, Liang Z, Zhou Y. Knockout of integrin αvβ6 protects against renal inflammation in chronic kidney disease by reduction of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:397. [PMID: 38844455 PMCID: PMC11156928 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Integrin αvβ6 holds promise as a therapeutic target for organ fibrosis, yet targeted therapies are hampered by concerns over inflammatory-related side effects. The role of αvβ6 in renal inflammation remains unknown, and clarifying this issue is crucial for αvβ6-targeted treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we revealed a remarkable positive correlation between overexpressed αvβ6 in proximal tubule cells (PTCs) and renal inflammation in CKD patients and mouse models. Notably, knockout of αvβ6 not only significantly alleviated renal fibrosis but also reduced inflammatory responses in mice, especially the infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, conditional knockout of αvβ6 in PTCs in vivo and co-culture of PTCs with macrophages in vitro showed that depleting αvβ6 in PTCs suppressed the migration and pro-inflammatory differentiation of macrophages. Screening of macrophage activators showed that αvβ6 in PTCs activates macrophages via secreting IL-34. IL-34 produced by PTCs was significantly diminished by αvβ6 silencing, and reintroduction of IL-34 restored macrophage activities, while anti-IL-34 antibody restrained macrophage activities enhanced by αvβ6 overexpression. Moreover, RNA-sequencing of PTCs and verification experiments demonstrated that silencing αvβ6 in PTCs blocked hypoxia-stimulated IL-34 upregulation and secretion by inhibiting YAP expression, dephosphorylation, and nuclear translocation, which resulted in the activation of Hippo signaling. While application of a YAP agonist effectively recurred IL-34 production by PTCs, enhancing the subsequent macrophage migration and activation. Besides, reduced IL-34 expression and YAP activation were also observed in global or PTCs-specific αvβ6-deficient injured kidneys. Collectively, our research elucidates the pro-inflammatory function and YAP/IL-34/macrophage axis-mediated mechanism of αvβ6 in renal inflammation, providing a solid rationale for the use of αvβ6 inhibition to treat kidney inflammation and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruilin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ziwen Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinrong Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruoni Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiani Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Pei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guangyan Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Zhou Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moon D, Padanilam BJ, Park KM, Kim J. Loss of SAV1 in Kidney Proximal Tubule Induces Maladaptive Repair after Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4610. [PMID: 38731829 PMCID: PMC11083677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant contributor to acute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by tubular injury and kidney dysfunction. Salvador family WW domain containing protein 1 (SAV1) is a key component of the Hippo pathway and plays a crucial role in the regulation of organ size and tissue regeneration. However, whether SAV1 plays a role in kidney IRI is not investigated. In this study, we investigated the role of SAV1 in kidney injury and regeneration following IRI. A proximal tubule-specific knockout of SAV1 in kidneys (SAV1ptKO) was generated, and wild-type and SAV1ptKO mice underwent kidney IRI or sham operation. Plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured to assess kidney function. Histological studies, including periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunohistochemistry, were conducted to assess tubular injury, SAV1 expression, and cell proliferation. Western blot analysis was employed to assess the Hippo pathway-related and proliferation-related proteins. SAV1 exhibited faint expression in the proximal tubules and was predominantly expressed in the connecting tubule to the collecting duct. At 48 h after IRI, SAV1ptKO mice continued to exhibit severe kidney dysfunction, compared to attenuated kidney dysfunction in wild-type mice. Consistent with the functional data, severe tubular damage induced by kidney IRI in the cortex was significantly decreased in wild-type mice at 48 h after IRI but not in SAV1ptKO mice. Furthermore, 48 h after IRI, the number of Ki67-positive cells in the cortex was significantly higher in wild-type mice than SAV1ptKO mice. After IRI, activation and expression of Hippo pathway-related proteins were enhanced, with no significant differences observed between wild-type and SAV1ptKO mice. Notably, at 48 h after IRI, protein kinase B activation (AKT) was significantly enhanced in SAV1ptKO mice compared to wild-type mice. This study demonstrates that SAV1 deficiency in the kidney proximal tubule worsens the injury and delays kidney regeneration after IRI, potentially through the overactivation of AKT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Babu J. Padanilam
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy, BK21 Plus, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jinu Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yeh TH, Tu KC, Wang HY, Chen JY. From Acute to Chronic: Unraveling the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Progression from Acute Kidney Injury to Acute Kidney Disease to Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1755. [PMID: 38339031 PMCID: PMC10855633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This article provides a thorough overview of the biomarkers, pathophysiology, and molecular pathways involved in the transition from acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute kidney disease (AKD) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). It categorizes the biomarkers of AKI into stress, damage, and functional markers, highlighting their importance in early detection, prognosis, and clinical applications. This review also highlights the links between renal injury and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AKI and AKD, including renal hypoperfusion, sepsis, nephrotoxicity, and immune responses. In addition, various molecules play pivotal roles in inflammation and hypoxia, triggering maladaptive repair, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune system reactions, and the cellular senescence of renal cells. Key signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/SMAD, and Hippo/YAP/TAZ, promote fibrosis and impact renal function. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) triggers a cascade leading to renal fibrosis, with aldosterone exacerbating the oxidative stress and cellular changes that promote fibrosis. The clinical evidence suggests that RAS inhibitors may protect against CKD progression, especially post-AKI, though more extensive trials are needed to confirm their full impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuan Yeh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (T.-H.Y.); (H.-Y.W.)
| | - Kuan-Chieh Tu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Yi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (T.-H.Y.); (H.-Y.W.)
- Department of Sport Management, College of Leisure and Recreation Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yi Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (T.-H.Y.); (H.-Y.W.)
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ren N, Wang WF, Zou L, Zhao YL, Miao H, Zhao YY. The nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway is a master regulator of renal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1335094. [PMID: 38293668 PMCID: PMC10824958 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1335094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is increasingly recognized as a global public health problem. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) both result in renal fibrosis. Oxidative stress and inflammation play central roles in progressive renal fibrosis. Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely linked and form a vicious cycle in which oxidative stress induces inflammation through various molecular mechanisms. Ample evidence has indicated that a hyperactive nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ƙB) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in renal fibrosis. Hyperactive NF-ƙB causes the activation and recruitment of immune cells. Inflammation, in turn, triggers oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species by activating leukocytes and resident cells. These events mediate organ injury through apoptosis, necrosis, and fibrosis. Therefore, developing a strategy to target the NF-ƙB signaling pathway is important for the effective treatment of renal fibrosis. This Review summarizes the effect of the NF-ƙB signaling pathway on renal fibrosis in the context of AKI and CKD (immunoglobulin A nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, and kidney transplantation). Therapies targeting the NF-ƙB signaling pathway, including natural products, are also discussed. In addition, NF-ƙB-dependent non-coding RNAs are involved in renal inflammation and fibrosis and are crucial targets in the development of effective treatments for kidney disease. This Review provides a clear pathophysiological rationale and specific concept-driven therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis by targeting the NF-ƙB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ren
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Feng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan-Long Zhao
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|