1
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Nagaoka K, Bai X, Liu D, Cao K, Mulla J, Ji C, Chen H, Nisar MA, Bay A, Mueller W, Hildebrand G, Gao JS, Lu S, Setoyama H, Tanaka Y, Wands JR, Huang CK. Elevated 2-oxoglutarate antagonizes DNA damage responses in cholangiocarcinoma chemotherapy through regulating aspartate beta-hydroxylase. Cancer Lett 2024; 580:216493. [PMID: 37977350 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is resistant to systemic chemotherapies that kill malignant cells mainly through DNA damage responses (DDRs). Recent studies suggest that the involvement of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent dioxygenases in DDRs may be associated with chemoresistance in malignancy, but how 2-OG impacts DDRs in CCA chemotherapy remains elusive. We examined serum 2-OG levels in CCA patients before receiving chemotherapy. CCA patients are classified as progressive disease (PD), partial response (PR), and stable disease (SD) after receiving chemotherapy. CCA patients classified as PD showed significantly higher serum 2-OG levels than those defined as SD and PR. Treating CCA cells with 2-OG reduced DDRs. Overexpression of full-length aspartate beta-hydroxylase (ASPH) could mimic the effects of 2-OG on DDRs, suggesting the important role of ASPH in chemoresistance. Indeed, the knockdown of ASPH improved chemotherapy in CCA cells. Targeting ASPH with a specific small molecule inhibitor also enhanced the effects of chemotherapy. Mechanistically, ASPH modulates DDRs by affecting ATM and ATR, two of the major regulators finely controlling DDRs. More importantly, targeting ASPH improved the therapeutic potential of chemotherapy in two preclinical CCA models. Our data suggested the impacts of elevated 2-OG and ASPH on chemoresistance through antagonizing DDRs. Targeting ASPH may enhance DDRs, improving chemotherapy in CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Nagaoka
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Xuewei Bai
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kevin Cao
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joud Mulla
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chengcheng Ji
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hongze Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Muhammad Azhar Nisar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amalia Bay
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William Mueller
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Grace Hildebrand
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jin-Song Gao
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shaolei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Hiroko Setoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jack R Wands
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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2
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Chen C, Qi J, Li X, Yongjing W. Acute kidney injury and delayed methotrexate clearance in an adult patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with imatinib. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2023; 30:e28. [PMID: 36732034 PMCID: PMC10447946 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A female patient in her early 30s was treated with imatinib and high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The patient developed delayed MTX clearance and grade 3 acute kidney injury characterised by elevated creatinine (114% increase from baseline). After intensified calcium folinate rescue therapy and hydration, the MTX serum level was appropriately decreased 72 hours after the start of MTX infusion, and renal function returned to normal. Medication analysis by a clinical pharmacist suggested that the concomitant treatment with imatinib likely contributed to the delayed MTX clearance and caused the acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA 960th Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Li
- Shandong Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wang Yongjing
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Asensio M, Herraez E, Macias RIR, Lozano E, Muñoz-Bellvís L, Sanchez-Vicente L, Morente-Carrasco A, Marin JJG, Briz O. Relevance of the organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3) in the personalized pharmacological treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115681. [PMID: 37429423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Although pharmacological treatment is the best option for most patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its success is very limited, partly due to reduced uptake and enhanced efflux of antitumor drugs. Here we have explored the usefulness of vectorizing drugs towards the organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3) to enhance their efficacy against HCC cells. In silico studies (RNA-Seq data, 11 cohorts) and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed a marked interindividual variability, together with general downregulation but still expression of OATP1B3 in the plasma membrane of HCC cells. The measurement of mRNA variants in 20 HCC samples showed the almost absence of the cancer-type variant (Ct-OATP1B3) together with marked predominance of the liver-type variant (Lt-OATP1B3). In Lt-OATP1B3-expressing cells, the screening of 37 chemotherapeutical drugs and 17 tyrosine kinase receptors inhibitors (TKIs) revealed that 10 classical anticancer drugs and 12 TKIs were able to inhibit Lt-OATP1B3-mediated transport. Lt-OATP1B3-expressing cells were more sensitive than Mock parental cells (transduced with empty lentiviral vectors) to some Lt-OATP1B3 substrates (paclitaxel and the bile acid-cisplatin derivative Bamet-UD2), but not to cisplatin, which is not transported by Lt-OATP1B3. This enhanced response was abolished by competition with taurocholic acid, a known Lt-OATP1B3 substrate. Tumors subcutaneously generated in immunodeficient mice by Lt-OATP1B3-expressing HCC cells were more sensitive to Bamet-UD2 than those derived from Mock cells. In conclusion, Lt-OATP1B3 expression should be screened before deciding the use of anticancer drugs substrates of this carrier in the personalized treatment of HCC. Moreover, Lt-OATP1B3-mediated uptake must be considered when designing novel anti-HCC targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Asensio
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Herraez
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Lozano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Muñoz-Bellvís
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Service of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red del Cáncer (CIBERONC), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanchez-Vicente
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Morente-Carrasco
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Area of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Li W, Iusuf D, Sparidans RW, Wagenaar E, Wang Y, de Waart DR, Martins MLF, van Hoppe S, Lebre MC, van Tellingen O, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1 knockout and humanized mice; insights into the handling of bilirubin and drugs. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106724. [PMID: 36907287 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1/SLCO2B1) facilitates uptake transport of structurally diverse endogenous and exogenous compounds. To investigate the roles of OATP2B1 in physiology and pharmacology, we established and characterized Oatp2b1 knockout (single Slco2b1-/- and combination Slco1a/1b/2b1-/-) and humanized hepatic and intestinal OATP2B1 transgenic mouse models. While viable and fertile, these strains exhibited a modestly increased body weight. In males, unconjugated bilirubin levels were markedly reduced in Slco2b1-/- compared to wild-type mice, whereas bilirubin monoglucuronide levels were modestly increased in Slco1a/1b/2b1-/- compared to Slco1a/1b-/- mice. Single Slco2b1-/- mice showed no significant changes in oral pharmacokinetics of several tested drugs. However, markedly higher or lower plasma exposure of pravastatin and the erlotinib metabolite OSI-420, respectively, were found in Slco1a/1b/2b1-/- compared to Slco1a/1b-/- mice, while oral rosuvastatin and fluvastatin behaved similarly between the strains. In males, humanized OATP2B1 strains showed lower conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin levels than control Slco1a/1b/2b1-deficient mice. Moreover, hepatic expression of human OATP2B1 partially or completely rescued the impaired hepatic uptake of OSI-420, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, and fluvastatin in Slco1a/1b/2b1-/- mice, establishing an important role in hepatic uptake. Expression of human OATP2B1 in the intestine was basolateral and markedly reduced the oral availability of rosuvastatin and pravastatin, but not of OSI-420 and fluvastatin. Neither lack of Oatp2b1, nor overexpression of human OATP2B1 had any effect on fexofenadine oral pharmacokinetics. While these mouse models still have limitations for human translation, with additional work we expect they will provide powerful tools to further understand the physiological and pharmacological roles of OATP2B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Li
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dilek Iusuf
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Els Wagenaar
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yaogeng Wang
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk R de Waart
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margarida L F Martins
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie van Hoppe
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lebre
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Zhu J, Jiang Y, Pan X, Xu K, Niu W, Lv Y, Li C, Wang Y, Xue Z, Lei P, He Y. In Vivo Evaluation of a Gallium-68-Labeled Tumor-Tracking Cyanine Dye for Positron Emission Tomography/Near-Infrared Fluorescence Carcinoma Imaging, Image-Guided Surgery, and Photothermal Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6067-6077. [PMID: 36816684 PMCID: PMC9933465 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET)/near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dual-modal imaging presents an enticing prospect for tumor diagnosis and surgical navigation. In this study, we developed a novel probe IR808-DOTA for tumor-targeted PET/NIRF imaging, image-guided surgery, and photothermal therapy. This construct had better water solubility and pharmacokinetics than IR808 and had similar photophysical properties, tumor targeting ability, and photothermal anticancer effect to IR808. By a simple labeling process, IR808-DOTA was labeled with gallium-68 and applied as a PET probe for tumor imaging in MCF-7 tumor xenografted mice. IR808-DOTA itself acted as an NIRF imaging agent in the following surgery for intraoperative navigation to aid surgeons in the delineation of tumor margins and visualizing sentinel lymph nodes to facilitate a more thorough tumor resection. Irradiation by laser, IR808-DOTA could prominently inhibit tumor growth in MCF-7 subcutaneous tumor model mice by directly ablating tumor cells, inhibiting tumor proliferation, and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. In summary, 68Ga-DOTA-IR808 could enable a convenient and user-friendly workflow for tumor imaging and guided surgery, and therefore, it may have great prospects for clinical translation as a PET/NIRF dual-modal probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Zhu
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of
Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yaqun Jiang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of
Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of
Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kui Xu
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of
Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenhao Niu
- Department
of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yibing Lv
- Department
of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chongjiao Li
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of
Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of
Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zejian Xue
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of
Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department
of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yong He
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of
Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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Li J, Chen B, Wen-Qi X, Jia W, Zhang WX, Bian XL. Drug-Drug Interactions and Disease Status Are Associated with Irinotecan-induced Hepatotoxicity: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai. J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 62:1160-1169. [PMID: 35396702 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Irinotecan-induced hepatotoxicity can cause severe clinical complications in patients; however, the underlying mechanism and factors affecting hepatotoxicity have rarely been investigated. In this cross-sectional study, we screened all clinical, demographic, medication and genetic variables among 126 patients receiving irinotecan and explored potential associations with the incidence and time to onset of irinotecan-induced hepatotoxicity. Approximately 38.9% of the patients suffered from hepatotoxicity after irinotecan administration. The presence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increases the incidence of hepatotoxicity approximately 2.9-fold and doubles the hazard of time to hepatotoxicity. Patients with liver metastasis had a more than 4-fold higher risk of hepatotoxicity and a 3.5-fold increased hazard of time to hepatotoxicity compared to those without liver metastasis. Patients who took CYP3A inducers had a 4.4-fold increased incidence of hepatotoxicity, and furthermore, concomitant use of platinum-based antineoplastics revealed 4.2 times the hazard of time to hepatotoxicity compared to those receiving antimetabolites. The cumulative dose of irinotecan (5-9 cycles) increased hepatotoxicity by 8.5 times. However, the genotypes and phenotypes of UGT1A1*28/*6 failed to be predictive factors of hepatotoxicity. The findings of this study suggest that irinotecan-induced hepatotoxicity is not directly associated with genetic variables but is mostly related to concomitant use of CYP3A inducers and platinum, as well as the presence of liver metastasis and CVD. Thus, close monitoring of liver function is recommended, especially in patients with liver impairment or using CYP3A inducers and platinum antineoplastic drugs, which may be the best way to prevent hepatotoxicity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wen-Qi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lan Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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7
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Morita T, Akiyoshi T, Tsuchitani T, Kataoka H, Araki N, Yajima K, Katayama K, Imaoka A, Ohtani H. Inhibitory Effects of Cranberry Juice and Its Components on Intestinal OATP1A2 and OATP2B1: Identification of Avicularin as a Novel Inhibitor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3310-3320. [PMID: 35230114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1A2 and OATP2B1 mediate the intestinal absorption of drugs. This study aimed to identify fruit juices or fruit juice components that inhibit OATPs and assess the risk of associated food-drug interactions. Inhibitory potency was assessed by examining the uptake of [3H]estrone 3-sulfate and [3H]fexofenadine into HEK293 cells expressing OATP1A2 or OATP2B1. In vivo experiments were conducted using mice to evaluate the effects of cranberry juice on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered fexofenadine. Of eight examined fruit juices, cranberry juice inhibited the functions of both OATPs most potently. Avicularin, a component of cranberry juice, was identified as a novel OATP inhibitor. It exhibited IC50 values of 9.0 and 37 μM for the inhibition of estrone 3-sulfate uptake mediated by OATP1A2 and OATP2B1, respectively. A pharmacokinetic experiment revealed that fexofenadine exposure was significantly reduced (by 50%) by cranberry juice. Cranberry juice may cause drug interactions with OATP substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Morita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akiyoshi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tsuchitani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kataoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Naoya Araki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kodai Yajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Ayuko Imaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ohtani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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8
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Marin JJG, Romero MR, Herraez E, Asensio M, Ortiz-Rivero S, Sanchez-Martin A, Fabris L, Briz O. Mechanisms of Pharmacoresistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Drugs but Old Problems. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:87-103. [PMID: 34544160 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis when diagnosed at advanced stages in which curative treatments are no longer applicable. A small group of these patients may still benefit from transarterial chemoembolization. The only therapeutic option for most patients with advanced HCC is systemic pharmacological treatments based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy. Available drugs only slightly increase survival, as tumor cells possess additive and synergistic mechanisms of pharmacoresistance (MPRs) prior to or enhanced during treatment. Understanding the molecular basis of MPRs is crucial to elucidate the genetic signature underlying HCC resistome. This will permit the selection of biomarkers to predict drug treatment response and identify tumor weaknesses in a personalized and dynamic way. In this article, we have reviewed the role of MPRs in current first-line drugs and the combinations of immunotherapeutic agents with novel TKIs being tested in the treatment of advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta R Romero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Herraez
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maitane Asensio
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Ortiz-Rivero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Anabel Sanchez-Martin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Liver Center (YLC), School of Medicine, Yale University New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain.,Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Järvinen E, Deng F, Kiander W, Sinokki A, Kidron H, Sjöstedt N. The Role of Uptake and Efflux Transporters in the Disposition of Glucuronide and Sulfate Conjugates. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:802539. [PMID: 35095509 PMCID: PMC8793843 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.802539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucuronidation and sulfation are the most typical phase II metabolic reactions of drugs. The resulting glucuronide and sulfate conjugates are generally considered inactive and safe. They may, however, be the most prominent drug-related material in the circulation and excreta of humans. The glucuronide and sulfate metabolites of drugs typically have limited cell membrane permeability and subsequently, their distribution and excretion from the human body requires transport proteins. Uptake transporters, such as organic anion transporters (OATs and OATPs), mediate the uptake of conjugates into the liver and kidney, while efflux transporters, such as multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), mediate expulsion of conjugates into bile, urine and the intestinal lumen. Understanding the active transport of conjugated drug metabolites is important for predicting the fate of a drug in the body and its safety and efficacy. The aim of this review is to compile the understanding of transporter-mediated disposition of phase II conjugates. We review the literature on hepatic, intestinal and renal uptake transporters participating in the transport of glucuronide and sulfate metabolites of drugs, other xenobiotics and endobiotics. In addition, we provide an update on the involvement of efflux transporters in the disposition of glucuronide and sulfate metabolites. Finally, we discuss the interplay between uptake and efflux transport in the intestine, liver and kidneys as well as the role of transporters in glucuronide and sulfate conjugate toxicity, drug interactions, pharmacogenetics and species differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkka Järvinen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Feng Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wilma Kiander
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alli Sinokki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Sjöstedt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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TAN D, CUI J, QIN L, CHEN L, WANG Y, ZHANG Q, HE Y. The role of OATP1A1 in cholestasis and drug-induced toxicity: a systematic review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.70722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinguo CUI
- Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Lin QIN
- Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Li CHEN
- Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Yuhe WANG
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, China
| | | | - Yuqi HE
- Zunyi Medical University, China
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11
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Tumor necrosis factor α upregulates the bile acid efflux transporter OATP3A1 via multiple signaling pathways in cholestasis. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101543. [PMID: 34971708 PMCID: PMC8784341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a common condition in which the flow of bile from the liver to the intestines is inhibited. It has been shown that organic anion–transporting polypeptide 3A1 (OATP3A1) is upregulated in cholestasis to promote bile acid efflux transport. We have previously shown that the growth factor fibroblast growth factor 19 and inflammatory mediator tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) increased OATP3A1 mRNA levels in hepatoma peritoneal lavage cell/PRF/5 cell lines. However, the mechanism underlying TNFα-stimulated OATP3A1 expression in cholestasis is unknown. To address this, we collected plasma samples from control and obstructive cholestasis patients and used ELISA to detect TNFα levels. We found that the TNFα levels of plasma and hepatic mRNA transcripts were significantly increased in obstructive cholestatic patients relative to control patients. A significant positive correlation was also observed between plasma TNFα and liver OATP3A1 mRNA transcripts in patients with obstructive cholestasis. Further mechanism analysis revealed that recombinant TNFα induced OATP3A1 expression and activated NF-κB and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways as well as expression of related transcription factors p65 and specificity protein 1 (SP1). Dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that recombinant TNFα upregulated the binding activities of NF-κB p65 and SP1 to the OATP3A1 promoter in peritoneal lavage cell/PRF/5 cells. These effects were diminished following the application of NF-κB and ERK inhibitors BAY11-7082 and PD98059. We conclude that TNFα stimulates hepatic OATP3A1 expression in human obstructive cholestasis by activating NF-κB p65 and ERK–SP1 signaling. These results suggest that TNFα-activated NF-κB p65 and ERK–SP1 signaling may be a potential target to ameliorate cholestasis-associated liver injury.
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12
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Why may citrate sodium significantly increase the effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma? Drug Resist Updat 2021; 59:100790. [PMID: 34924279 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the third cause of cancer death in men worldwide, and its increasing incidence can be explained by the increasing occurrence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). HCC prognosis is poor, as its 5-year overall survival is approximately 18 % and most cases are diagnosed at an inoperable advanced stage. Moreover, tumor sensitivity to conventional chemotherapeutics (particularly to cisplatin-based regimen), trans-arterial chemoembolization (cTACE), tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenic molecules and immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited. Oncogenic signaling pathways, such as HIF-1α and RAS/PI3K/AKT, may provoke drug resistance by enhancing the aerobic glycolysis ("Warburg effect") in cancer cells. Indeed, this metabolism, which promotes cancer cell development and aggressiveness, also induces extracellular acidity. In turn, this acidity promotes the protonation of drugs, hence abrogating their internalization, since they are most often weakly basic molecules. Consequently, targeting the Warburg effect in these cancer cells (which in turn would reduce the extracellular acidification) could be an effective strategy to increase the delivery of drugs into the tumor. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) and its activator PFK2 are the main regulators of glycolysis, and they also couple the enhancement of glycolysis to the activation of key signaling cascades and cell cycle progression. Therefore, targeting this "Gordian Knot" in HCC cells would be of crucial importance. Here, we suggest that this could be achieved by citrate administration at high concentration, because citrate is a physiologic inhibitor of PFK1 and PFK2. As shown in various in vitro studies, including HCC cell lines, administration of high concentrations of citrate inhibits PFK1 and PFK2 (and consequently glycolysis), decreases ATP production, counteracts HIF-1α and PI3K/AKT signaling, induces apoptosis, and sensitizes cells to cisplatin treatment. Administration of high concentrations of citrate in animal models (including Ras-driven tumours) has been shown to effectively inhibit cancer growth, reverse cell dedifferentiation, and neutralize intratumor acidity, without apparent toxicity in animal studies. Citrate may also induce a rapid secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and it could favour the destruction of cancer stem cells (CSCs) sustaining tumor recurrence. Consequently, this "citrate strategy" could improve the tumor sensitivity to current treatments of HCC by reducing the extracellular acidity, thus enhancing the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs into the tumor. Therefore, we propose that this strategy should be explored in clinical trials, in particular to enhance cTACE effectiveness.
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Molecular Properties of Drugs Handled by Kidney OATs and Liver OATPs Revealed by Chemoinformatics and Machine Learning: Implications for Kidney and Liver Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101720. [PMID: 34684013 PMCID: PMC8538396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with liver or kidney disease, it is especially important to consider the routes of metabolism and elimination of small-molecule pharmaceuticals. Once in the blood, numerous drugs are taken up by the liver for metabolism and/or biliary elimination, or by the kidney for renal elimination. Many common drugs are organic anions. The major liver uptake transporters for organic anion drugs are organic anion transporter polypeptides (OATP1B1 or SLCO1B1; OATP1B3 or SLCO1B3), whereas in the kidney they are organic anion transporters (OAT1 or SLC22A6; OAT3 or SLC22A8). Since these particular OATPs are overwhelmingly found in the liver but not the kidney, and these OATs are overwhelmingly found in the kidney but not liver, it is possible to use chemoinformatics, machine learning (ML) and deep learning to analyze liver OATP-transported drugs versus kidney OAT-transported drugs. Our analysis of >30 quantitative physicochemical properties of OATP- and OAT-interacting drugs revealed eight properties that in combination, indicate a high propensity for interaction with "liver" transporters versus "kidney" ones based on machine learning (e.g., random forest, k-nearest neighbors) and deep-learning classification algorithms. Liver OATPs preferred drugs with greater hydrophobicity, higher complexity, and more ringed structures whereas kidney OATs preferred more polar drugs with more carboxyl groups. The results provide a strong molecular basis for tissue-specific targeting strategies, understanding drug-drug interactions as well as drug-metabolite interactions, and suggest a strategy for how drugs with comparable efficacy might be chosen in chronic liver or kidney disease (CKD) to minimize toxicity.
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Laczkó-Rigó R, Bakos É, Jójárt R, Tömböly C, Mernyák E, Özvegy-Laczka C. Selective antiproliferative effect of C-2 halogenated 13α-estrones on cells expressing Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 429:115704. [PMID: 34474082 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) is a multispecific transporter mediating the cellular uptake of steroids and numerous drugs. OATP2B1 is abundantly expressed in the intestine and is also present in various tumors. Increased steroid hormone uptake by OATP2B1 has been suggested to promote progression of hormone dependent tumors. 13α-estrones are effective inhibitors of endogenous estrogen formation and are potential candidates to inhibit proliferation of hormone dependent cancers. Recently, we have identified a variety of 13α/β-estrone-based inhibitors of OATP2B1. However, the nature of this interaction, whether these inhibitors are potential transported substrates of OATP2B1 and hence may be enriched in OATP2B1-overexpressing cells, has not yet been investigated. In the current study we explored the antiproliferative effect of the most effective OATP2B1 inhibitor 13α/β-estrones in control and OATP2B1-overexpressing A431 carcinoma cells. We found an increased antiproliferative effect of 3-O-benzyl 13α/β-estrones in both mock transfected and OATP2B1-overexpressing cells. However, C-2 halogenated 13α-estrones had a selective OATP2B1-mediated cell growth inhibitory effect. In order to demonstrate that increased sensitization can be attributed to OATP2B1-mediated cellular uptake, tritium labeled 2-bromo-13α-estrone was synthesized for direct transport measurements. These experiments revealed increased accumulation of [3H]2-bromo-13α-estrone due to OATP2B1 function. Our results indicate that C-2 halogenated 13α-estrones are good candidates in the design of anti-cancer drugs targeting OATP2B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Laczkó-Rigó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Center, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Éva Bakos
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Center, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Rebeka Jójárt
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Center, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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15
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Taylor ZL, Thompson LE, Bear H, Mizuno T, Vinks AA, Ramsey LB. Toward pharmacogenetic SLCO1B1-guided dosing of methotrexate in arthritis using a murine Slco1b2 knockout model. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:2267-2277. [PMID: 34121338 PMCID: PMC8604247 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low‐dose methotrexate (MTX) is a first‐line therapy for the treatment of arthritis. However, there is considerable interindividual variability in MTX exposure following standard dosing. Polymorphisms in SLCO1B1 significantly effect MTX clearance, altering therapeutic response. One decreased function variant, rs4149056 (c.521T>C, Val174Ala), slows MTX clearance and in vitro uptake of MTX. This phenotype was recapitulated in a mouse model using a knockout (KO) of the murine orthologue, Slco1b2. Our objective was to investigate the impact of this phenotype on the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic outcomes of low‐dose MTX in a murine model of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). We evaluated response to MTX in mice with CIA using wildtype (WT), heterozygous, and KO Slco1b2 mice on a DBA1/J background. Arthritis was macroscopically evaluated daily to quantify disease progression. Mice received 2 mg/kg or a pharmacogenetically guided MTX dose subcutaneously 3 times a week for 2 weeks. MTX concentrations were collected at the end of the study and exposure (day*µM) was estimated using a two‐compartment model. Mice displayed a seven‐fold range in MTX exposure and revealed a significant exposure‐response relationship (p = 0.0027). KO mice receiving the 2 mg/kg dosing regimen had 2.3‐fold greater exposure to MTX (p < 0.0001) and a 66% reduction in overall disease progression (p = 0.011) compared to WT mice. However, exposure and response were equivalent when pharmacogenetically guided dosing was used. These studies demonstrate that an exposure‐response relationship exists for MTX and that Slco1b2 genotype affects MTX exposure and therapeutic response. Such evidence supports the use of SLCO1B1‐pharmacogenetic dosing of low‐dose MTX for patients with arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren E Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Heather Bear
- Division of Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Mizuno
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander A Vinks
- Division of Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura B Ramsey
- Division of Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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16
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Kinzi J, Grube M, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE. OATP2B1 - The underrated member of the organic anion transporting polypeptide family of drug transporters? Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114534. [PMID: 33794186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) was one of the first cloned members of the SLCO family. However, its physiological and pharmacological role is still poorly understood, and object of a current debate on the transporter's relevance. Within this commentary, we summarize the data currently available on the transporter's expression and its substrates and highlight the strength and difficulties of the methods that have been applied to gather these data. The conclusion drawn from these findings was that OATP2B1 due to its intestinal expression is most likely involved in oral drug absorption of its substrate and therefore prone for interactions. This has been tested in in vivo drug interaction and/or pharmacogenetic studies. While some of these support the notion of OATP2B1 being of relevance in drug absorption, the pharmacogenetic findings are rather inconclusive. We will explain our thoughts why OATP2B1 may not influence the general systemic pharmacokinetic of certain substrates, but possibly local distribution processes, like the transfer across the blood-brain-barrier. Besides the pharmacokinetic aspects, there are data on endogenous molecules like coproporphyrins and sulfated steroids. Therefore, we will also highlight possible physiological roles of OATP2B1, which are driven by its expression pattern in the tubular cells of the kidney as well as its expression in the blood brain barrier. Finally we also deal with the advantages and disadvantages in the use of animal models to decipher the role of OATP2B1 in pharmacokinetics of its substrates and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Kinzi
- Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Grube
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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17
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Bedon L, Dal Bo M, Mossenta M, Busato D, Toffoli G, Polano M. A Novel Epigenetic Machine Learning Model to Define Risk of Progression for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1075. [PMID: 33499054 PMCID: PMC7865606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extensive advancements have been made in treatment against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prognosis of HCC patients remains unsatisfied. It is now clearly established that extensive epigenetic changes act as a driver in human tumors. This study exploits HCC epigenetic deregulation to define a novel prognostic model for monitoring the progression of HCC. We analyzed the genome-wide DNA methylation profile of 374 primary tumor specimens using the Illumina 450 K array data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We initially used a novel combination of Machine Learning algorithms (Recursive Features Selection, Boruta) to capture early tumor progression features. The subsets of probes obtained were used to train and validate Random Forest models to predict a Progression Free Survival greater or less than 6 months. The model based on 34 epigenetic probes showed the best performance, scoring 0.80 accuracy and 0.51 Matthews Correlation Coefficient on testset. Then, we generated and validated a progression signature based on 4 methylation probes capable of stratifying HCC patients at high and low risk of progression. Survival analysis showed that high risk patients are characterized by a poorer progression free survival compared to low risk patients. Moreover, decision curve analysis confirmed the strength of this predictive tool over conventional clinical parameters. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted that high risk patients differentiated themselves by the upregulation of proliferative pathways. Ultimately, we propose the oncogenic MCM2 gene as a methylation-driven gene of which the representative epigenetic markers could serve both as predictive and prognostic markers. Briefly, our work provides several potential HCC progression epigenetic biomarkers as well as a new signature that may enhance patients surveillance and advances in personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bedon
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (L.B.); (M.D.B.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (L.B.); (M.D.B.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Monica Mossenta
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (L.B.); (M.D.B.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Busato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (L.B.); (M.D.B.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (L.B.); (M.D.B.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Maurizio Polano
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (L.B.); (M.D.B.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
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18
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Cellular Mechanisms Accounting for the Refractoriness of Colorectal Carcinoma to Pharmacological Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092605. [PMID: 32933095 PMCID: PMC7563523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) causes a high number (more than 800,000) of deaths worldwide each year. Better methods for early diagnosis and the development of strategies to enhance the efficacy of the therapeutic approaches used to complement or substitute surgical removal of the tumor are urgently needed. Currently available pharmacological armamentarium provides very moderate benefits to patients due to the high resistance of tumor cells to respond to anticancer drugs. The present review summarizes and classifies into seven groups the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOC) accounting for the failure of CRC response to the pharmacological treatment. Abstract The unsatisfactory response of colorectal cancer (CRC) to pharmacological treatment contributes to the substantial global health burden caused by this disease. Over the last few decades, CRC has become the cause of more than 800,000 deaths per year. The reason is a combination of two factors: (i) the late cancer detection, which is being partially solved by the implementation of mass screening of adults over age 50, permitting earlier diagnosis and treatment; (ii) the inadequate response of advanced unresectable tumors (i.e., stages III and IV) to pharmacological therapy. The latter is due to the existence of complex mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOCs) that interact and synergize with each other, rendering CRC cells strongly refractory to the available pharmacological regimens based on conventional chemotherapy, such as pyrimidine analogs (5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, trifluridine, and tipiracil), oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, as well as drugs targeted toward tyrosine kinase receptors (regorafenib, aflibercept, bevacizumab, cetuximab, panitumumab, and ramucirumab), and, more recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, ipilimumab, and pembrolizumab). In the present review, we have inventoried the genes involved in the lack of CRC response to pharmacological treatment, classifying them into seven groups (from MOC-1 to MOC-7) according to functional criteria to identify cancer cell weaknesses. This classification will be useful to pave the way for developing sensitizing tools consisting of (i) new agents to be co-administered with the active drug; (ii) pharmacological approaches, such as drug encapsulation (e.g., into labeled liposomes or exosomes); (iii) gene therapy interventions aimed at restoring the impaired function of some proteins (e.g., uptake transporters and tumor suppressors) or abolishing that of others (such as export pumps and oncogenes).
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Uptake Transporters of the SLC21, SLC22A, and SLC15A Families in Anticancer Therapy-Modulators of Cellular Entry or Pharmacokinetics? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082263. [PMID: 32806706 PMCID: PMC7464370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier transporters comprise a large family of uptake transporters involved in the transmembrane transport of a wide array of endogenous substrates such as hormones, nutrients, and metabolites as well as of clinically important drugs. Several cancer therapeutics, ranging from chemotherapeutics such as topoisomerase inhibitors, DNA-intercalating drugs, and microtubule binders to targeted therapeutics such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors are substrates of solute carrier (SLC) transporters. Given that SLC transporters are expressed both in organs pivotal to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination and in tumors, these transporters constitute determinants of cellular drug accumulation influencing intracellular drug concentration required for efficacy of the cancer treatment in tumor cells. In this review, we explore the current understanding of members of three SLC families, namely SLC21 (organic anion transporting polypeptides, OATPs), SLC22A (organic cation transporters, OCTs; organic cation/carnitine transporters, OCTNs; and organic anion transporters OATs), and SLC15A (peptide transporters, PEPTs) in the etiology of cancer, in transport of chemotherapeutic drugs, and their influence on efficacy or toxicity of pharmacotherapy. We further explore the idea to exploit the function of SLC transporters to enhance cancer cell accumulation of chemotherapeutics, which would be expected to reduce toxic side effects in healthy tissue and to improve efficacy.
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20
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Mohos V, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Ungvári O, Bakos É, Kuffa K, Bencsik T, Zsidó BZ, Hetényi C, Telbisz Á, Özvegy-Laczka C, Poór M. Effects of Chrysin and Its Major Conjugated Metabolites Chrysin-7-Sulfate and Chrysin-7-Glucuronide on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and on OATP, P-gp, BCRP, and MRP2 Transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:1064-1073. [PMID: 32661014 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is an abundant flavonoid in nature, and it is also contained by several dietary supplements. Chrysin is highly biotransformed in the body, during which conjugated metabolites chrysin-7-sulfate and chrysin-7-glucuronide are formed. These conjugates appear at considerably higher concentrations in the circulation than the parent compound. Based on previous studies, chrysin can interact with biotransformation enzymes and transporters; however, the interactions of its metabolites have been barely examined. In this in vitro study, the effects of chrysin, chrysin-7-sulfate, and chrysin-7-glucuronide on cytochrome P450 enzymes (2C9, 2C19, 3A4, and 2D6) as well as on organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs; 1A2, 1B1, 1B3, and 2B1) and ATP binding cassette [P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)] transporters were investigated. Our observations revealed that chrysin conjugates are strong inhibitors of certain biotransformation enzymes (e.g., CYP2C9) and transporters (e.g., OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and BCRP) examined. Therefore, the simultaneous administration of chrysin-containing dietary supplements with medications needs to be carefully considered due to the possible development of pharmacokinetic interactions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Chrysin-7-sulfate and chrysin-7-glucuronide are the major metabolites of flavonoid chrysin. In this study, we examined the effects of chrysin and its conjugates on cytochrome P450 enzymes and on organic anion-transporting polypeptides and ATP binding cassette transporters (P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2). Our results demonstrate that chrysin and/or its conjugates can significantly inhibit some of these proteins. Since chrysin is also contained by dietary supplements, high intake of chrysin may interrupt the transport and/or the biotransformation of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Mohos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Ungvári
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kuffa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Bencsik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Zoltán Zsidó
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Telbisz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), János Szentágothai Research Centre (V.M., E.F.-N., M.P.), Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (T.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School (B.Z.Z., C.H.), University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; and Membrane Protein Research Group (O.U., É.B., C.Ö.-L.) and Biomembrane Research Group (K.K., Á.T.), Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Sun R, Zhu L, Li L, Song W, Gong X, Qi X, Wang Y, Ghose R, Gao S, Hu M, Liu Z. Irinotecan-mediated diarrhea is mainly correlated with intestinal exposure to SN-38: Critical role of gut Ugt. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 398:115032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Marin JJ, Macias RI, Monte MJ, Romero MR, Asensio M, Sanchez-Martin A, Cives-Losada C, Temprano AG, Espinosa-Escudero R, Reviejo M, Bohorquez LH, Briz O. Molecular Bases of Drug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061663. [PMID: 32585893 PMCID: PMC7352164 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor outcome of patients with non-surgically removable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent type of primary liver cancer, is mainly due to the high refractoriness of this aggressive tumor to classical chemotherapy. Novel pharmacological approaches based on the use of inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (TKIs), mainly sorafenib and regorafenib, have provided only a modest prolongation of the overall survival in these HCC patients. The present review is an update of the available information regarding our understanding of the molecular bases of mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOC) with a significant impact on the response of HCC to existing pharmacological tools, which include classical chemotherapeutic agents, TKIs and novel immune-sensitizing strategies. Many of the more than one hundred genes involved in seven MOC have been identified as potential biomarkers to predict the failure of treatment, as well as druggable targets to develop novel strategies aimed at increasing the sensitivity of HCC to pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J.G. Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.G.M.); (O.B.); Tel.: +34-663182872 (J.J.G.M.); +34-923294674 (O.B.)
| | - Rocio I.R. Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J. Monte
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta R. Romero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maitane Asensio
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Anabel Sanchez-Martin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Candela Cives-Losada
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Alvaro G. Temprano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Ricardo Espinosa-Escudero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Maria Reviejo
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Laura H. Bohorquez
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) Group, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.I.R.M.); (M.J.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.); (A.S.-M.); (C.C.-L.); (A.G.T.); (R.E.-E.); (M.R.); (L.H.B.)
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.G.M.); (O.B.); Tel.: +34-663182872 (J.J.G.M.); +34-923294674 (O.B.)
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Sanoh S, Naritomi Y, Kitamura S, Shinagawa A, Kakuni M, Tateno C, Ohta S. Predictability of human pharmacokinetics of drugs that undergo hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)-mediated transport using single-species allometric scaling in chimeric mice with humanized liver: integration with hepatic drug metabolism. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1370-1379. [PMID: 32401667 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1769229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a prediction method for human pharmacokinetics (PK) using single species allometric scaling (SSS) and the complex Dedrick plot in chimeric mice with humanized liver to predict the total clearance (CLt), distribution volumes in steady state (Vdss) and plasma concentration-time profiles of several drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 (P450) and non-P450 enzymes. In the present study, we examined eight compounds (bosentan, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, repaglinide, rosuvastatin, valsartan) as typical organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) substrates and six compounds metabolized by P450 and non-P450 enzymes to evaluate the predictability of CLt, Vdss and plasma concentration-time profiles after intravenous administration to chimeric mice. The predicted CLt and Vdss of drugs that undergo OATP-mediated uptake and P450/non-P450-mediated metabolism reflected the observed data from humans within a threefold error range. We also examined the possibility of predicting plasma concentration-time profiles of drugs that undergo OATP-mediated uptake using the complex Dedrick plot in chimeric mice. Most profiles could be superimposed with observed profiles from humans within a two- to threefold error range. PK prediction using SSS and the complex Dedrick plot in chimeric mice can be useful for evaluating drugs that undergo both OATP-mediated uptake and P450/non-P450-mediated metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Naritomi
- Analysis and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitamura
- Analysis and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shinagawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Chise Tateno
- R&D Dept, PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Alluri RV, Li R, Varma MVS. Transporter–enzyme interplay and the hepatic drug clearance: what have we learned so far? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:387-401. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1749595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra V. Alluri
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rui Li
- Modeling and Simulations, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manthena V. S. Varma
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
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Merlos Rodrigo MA, Jimenez Jimemez AM, Haddad Y, Bodoor K, Adam P, Krizkova S, Heger Z, Adam V. Metallothionein isoforms as double agents - Their roles in carcinogenesis, cancer progression and chemoresistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100691. [PMID: 32615524 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small cysteine-rich intracellular proteins with four major isoforms identified in mammals, designated MT-1 through MT-4. The best known biological functions of MTs are their ability to bind and sequester metal ions as well as their active role in redox homeostasis. Despite these protective roles, numerous studies have demonstrated that changes in MT expression could be associated with the process of carcinogenesis and participation in cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Hence, MTs have the role of double agents, i.e., working with and against cancer. In view of their rich biochemical properties, it is not surprising that MTs participate in the emergence of chemoresistance in tumor cells. Many studies have demonstrated that MT overexpression is involved in the acquisition of resistance to anticancer drugs including cisplatin, anthracyclines, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mitomycin. The evidence is gradually increasing for a cellular switch in MT functions, showing that they indeed have two faces: protector and saboteur. Initially, MTs display anti-oncogenic and protective roles; however, once the oncogenic process was launched, MTs are utilized by cancer cells for progression, survival, and contribution to chemoresistance. The duality of MTs can serve as a potential prognostic/diagnostic biomarker and can therefore pave the way towards the development of new cancer treatment strategies. Herein, we review and discuss MTs as tumor disease markers and describe their role in chemoresistance to distinct anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ana Maria Jimenez Jimemez
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Khaldon Bodoor
- Department of Applied Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 3030, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Pavlina Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Krizkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zhi H, Yuan Y, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Ruan J. Importance of OATP1B1 and 1B3 in the Liver Uptake of Luteolin and Its Consequent Glucuronidation Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2063-2070. [PMID: 32009392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin is a typical flavonoid and broadly distributed in the plants. Oral bioavailability of luteolin is low owing to extensive metabolism. Regioselective glucuronidation by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and liver uptake by organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) of luteolin and consequent glucuronidation metabolites were studied. Luteolin-3'-O-glucuronide (L-3'-G) and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (L-7-G) were the major metabolites in human liver microsomes. Further study demonstrated that UGT1A9 played a predominant role in the glucuronidation of luteolin. Transporter study showed that OATP1B1- and 1B3-transfected cells selectively uptake L-3'-G into cells but not luteolin or L-7-G. After intravenous administration of luteolin to mice, the area under the curve of L-3'-G in the plasma was the highest among luteolin, L-3'-G, and L-7-G. In the liver, the concentration of L-3'-G was significantly greater than L-7-G. In conclusion, OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 play an important role in the liver disposition of luteolin and its glucuronidation metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
- Clinical Pharmacy Lab, Department of Pharmacy , The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy , The Affiliated Wuxi Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi 214000 , China
| | - Chunzhen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- Clinical Pharmacy Lab, Department of Pharmacy , The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Lab, Department of Pharmacy , The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Clinical Pharmacy Lab, Department of Pharmacy , The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Jianqing Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
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Longitudinal Visualization of Viable Cancer Cell Intratumoral Distribution in Mouse Models Using Oatp1a1-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Invest Radiol 2019; 54:302-311. [PMID: 30672844 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multimodality reporter gene imaging provides valuable, noninvasive information on the fate of engineered cell populations. To complement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of tumor volume and 2-dimensional reporter-based optical measures of cell viability, reporter-based MRI may offer 3-dimensional information on the distribution of viable cancer cells in deep tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we engineered human and murine triple-negative breast cancer cells with lentivirus encoding tdTomato and firefly luciferase for fluorescence imaging and bioluminescence imaging (BLI). A subset of these cells was additionally engineered with lentivirus encoding organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a1 (Oatp1a1) for MRI. Oatp1a1 operates by transporting gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) into cells, and it concomitantly improves BLI substrate uptake. After orthotopic implantation of engineered cells expressing or not expressing Oatp1a1, longitudinal fluorescence imaging, BLI, and 3-Tesla MRI were performed. RESULTS Oatp1a1-expressing tumors displayed significantly increased BLI signals relative to control tumors at all time points (P < 0.05). On MRI, post-Gd-EOB-DTPA T1-weighted images of Oatp1a1-expressing tumors exhibited significantly increased contrast-to-noise ratios compared with control tumors and precontrast images (P < 0.05). At endpoint, tumors expressing Oatp1a1 displayed intratumoral MR signal heterogeneity not present at earlier time points. Pixel-based analysis of matched in vivo MR and ex vivo fluorescence microscopy images revealed a strong, positive correlation between MR intensity and tdTomato intensity for Oatp1a1-expressing tumors (P < 0.05), but not control tumors. CONCLUSIONS These results characterize Oatp1a1 as a sensitive, quantitative, positive contrast MRI reporter gene for 3-dimensional assessment of viable cancer cell intratumoral distribution and concomitant BLI enhancement. This multimodality reporter gene system can provide new insights into the influence of viable cancer cell intratumoral distribution on tumor progression and metastasis, as well as improved assessments of anticancer therapies.
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Bakos É, Német O, Patik I, Kucsma N, Várady G, Szakács G, Özvegy‐Laczka C. A novel fluorescence‐based functional assay for human OATP1A2 and OATP1C1 identifies interaction between third‐generation P‐gp inhibitors and OATP1A2. FEBS J 2019; 287:2468-2485. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bakos
- Membrane Protein Research Group Institute of Enzymology Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary
| | - Orsolya Német
- Membrane Protein Research Group Institute of Enzymology Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary
| | - Izabel Patik
- Membrane Protein Research Group Institute of Enzymology Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary
| | - Nóra Kucsma
- Membrane Protein Research Group Institute of Enzymology Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology Institute of Enzymology Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Membrane Protein Research Group Institute of Enzymology Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary
- Institute of Cancer Research Medical University Vienna Wien Austria
| | - Csilla Özvegy‐Laczka
- Membrane Protein Research Group Institute of Enzymology Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary
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Tod M, Bourguignon L, Bleyzac N, Goutelle S. Quantitative Prediction of Interactions Mediated by Transporters and Cytochromes: Application to Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides, Breast Cancer Resistance Protein and Cytochrome 2C8. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 59:757-770. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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Clerbaux LA, Paini A, Lumen A, Osman-Ponchet H, Worth AP, Fardel O. Membrane transporter data to support kinetically-informed chemical risk assessment using non-animal methods: Scientific and regulatory perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:659-671. [PMID: 30856453 PMCID: PMC6441651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Humans are continuously exposed to low levels of thousands of industrial chemicals, most of which are poorly characterised in terms of their potential toxicity. The new paradigm in chemical risk assessment (CRA) aims to rely on animal-free testing, with kinetics being a key determinant of toxicity when moving from traditional animal studies to integrated in vitro-in silico approaches. In a kinetically informed CRA, membrane transporters, which have been intensively studied during drug development, are an essential piece of information. However, how existing knowledge on transporters gained in the drug field can be applied to CRA is not yet fully understood. This review outlines the opportunities, challenges and existing tools for investigating chemical-transporter interactions in kinetically informed CRA without animal studies. Various environmental chemicals acting as substrates, inhibitors or modulators of transporter activity or expression have been shown to impact TK, just as drugs do. However, because pollutant concentrations are often lower in humans than drugs and because exposure levels and internal chemical doses are not usually known in contrast to drugs, new approaches are required to translate transporter data and reasoning from the drug sector to CRA. Here, the generation of in vitro chemical-transporter interaction data and the development of transporter databases and classification systems trained on chemical datasets (and not only drugs) are proposed. Furtheremore, improving the use of human biomonitoring data to evaluate the in vitro-in silico transporter-related predicted values and developing means to assess uncertainties could also lead to increase confidence of scientists and regulators in animal-free CRA. Finally, a systematic characterisation of the transportome (quantitative monitoring of transporter abundance, activity and maintenance over time) would reinforce confidence in the use of experimental transporter/barrier systems as well as in established cell-based toxicological assays currently used for CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Annie Lumen
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environment et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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31
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Schulte RR, Ho RH. Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides: Emerging Roles in Cancer Pharmacology. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 95:490-506. [PMID: 30782852 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are a superfamily of drug transporters involved in the uptake and disposition of a wide array of structurally divergent endogenous and exogenous substrates, including steroid hormones, bile acids, and commonly used drugs, such as anti-infectives, antihypertensives, and cholesterol lowering agents. In the past decade, OATPs, primarily OATP1A2, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3, have emerged as potential mediators of chemotherapy disposition, including drugs such as methotrexate, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, irinotecan and its important metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, and certain tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, OATP family members are polymorphic and numerous studies have shown OATP variants to have differential uptake, disposition, and/or pharmacokinetics of numerous drug substrates with important implications for interindividual differences in efficacy and toxicity. Additionally, certain OATPs have been found to be overexpressed in a variety of human solid tumors, including breast, liver, colon, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers, suggesting potential roles for OATPs in tumor development and progression and as novel targets for cancer therapy. This review focuses on the emerging roles for selected OATPs in cancer pharmacology, including preclinical and clinical studies suggesting roles in chemotherapy disposition, the pharmacogenetics of OATPs in cancer therapy, and OATP overexpression in various tumor tissues with implications for OATPs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael R Schulte
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard H Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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32
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Nagai Y, Oitate M, Shiozawa H, Ando O. Comprehensive preclinical pharmacokinetic evaluations of trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201a), a HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, in cynomolgus monkeys. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1086-1096. [PMID: 30351177 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1531158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201a) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) conjugated to a topoisomerase I inhibitor (DXd) at a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 7-8. Here, we examined the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of DS-8201a and DXd in cynomolgus monkeys, a cross-reactive species. Following intravenous (iv) administration of DS-8201a, the linker was stable in plasma, and systemic DXd exposure was low. DXd was rapidly cleared following iv dosing. Biodistribution studies revealed that intact DS-8201a was present mostly in the blood without tissue-specific retention. The major pathway of excretion for DXd was the faecal route following iv administration of radiolabelled DS-8201a. The only detectable metabolite in the urine and faeces was unmetabolized DXd. DXd is a substrate of organic anion transporting polypeptides, P-gp, and breast cancer resistance protein. In conclusion, the stable linker in circulation and the high clearance of DXd upon release resulted in the low systemic exposure to DXd. Furthermore, the minimal tissue-specific retention and rapid excretion of DXd into faeces as its unmetabolized form with potentially limited impact on drug - drug interaction as a victim were also critical elements of the PK profile of DS-8201a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nagai
- a Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masataka Oitate
- a Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shiozawa
- a Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo , Japan
| | - Osamu Ando
- a Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo , Japan
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33
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Marcath LA, Kidwell KM, Robinson AC, Vangipuram K, Burness ML, Griggs JJ, Poznak CV, Schott AF, Hayes DF, Henry NL, Hertz DL. Patients carrying CYP2C8*3 have shorter systemic paclitaxel exposure. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 20:95-104. [PMID: 30520341 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM First, evaluate if patients carrying putatively diminished activity CYP2C8 genotype have longer paclitaxel exposure (e.g., time above threshold concentration of 0.05 μM [Tc >0.05]). Second, screen additional pharmacogenes for associations with Tc >0.05. Methods: Pharmacogene panel genotypes were translated into genetic phenotypes for associations with Tc >0.05 (n = 58). RESULTS Patients with predicted low-activity CYP2C8 had shorter Tc >0.05 after adjustment for age, body surface area and race (9.65 vs 11.03 hrs, β = 5.47, p = 0.02). This association was attributed to CYP2C8*3 (p = 0.006), not CYP2C8*4 (p = 0.58). Patients with predicted low-activity SLCO1B1 had longer Tc >0.05 (12.12 vs 10.15 hrs, β = 0.85, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Contrary to previous publications, CYP2C8*3 may confer increased paclitaxel metabolic activity. SLCO1B1 and CYP2C8 genotype may explain some paclitaxel pharmacokinetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Marcath
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kelley M Kidwell
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Adam C Robinson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kiran Vangipuram
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Monika L Burness
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer J Griggs
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Catherine Van Poznak
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anne F Schott
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel F Hayes
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Norah Lynn Henry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Daniel L Hertz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Mao Q, Lai Y, Wang J. Drug Transporters in Xenobiotic Disposition and Pharmacokinetic Prediction. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:561-566. [PMID: 29636376 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.081356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug transporters are widely expressed in organs and tissue barriers throughout human and animal bodies. Studies over the last two decades have identified various ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier transporters that play critical roles in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs and xenobiotics. This special section contains more than 20 original manuscripts and reviews that cover the most recent advances in the areas of drug transporter research, including the basic biology and function of transporters, expression of drug transporters in organ and tissue barriers, the mechanisms underlying regulation of transporter expression, transporter-mediated drug disposition in animal models, and the development and utilization of new technologies in drug transporter study, as well as pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation to assess transporter involvement in drug disposition and drug-drug interactions. We believe that the topics covered in this special section will advance our understanding of the roles of transporters in drug disposition, efficacy, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcheng Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Q.M., J.W.), and Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (Y.L.)
| | - Yurong Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Q.M., J.W.), and Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (Y.L.)
| | - Joanne Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Q.M., J.W.), and Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California (Y.L.)
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35
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Bauer M, Traxl A, Matsuda A, Karch R, Philippe C, Nics L, Klebermass EM, Wulkersdorfer B, Weber M, Poschner S, Tournier N, Jäger W, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Wanek T, Zeitlinger M, Langer O. Effect of Rifampicin on the Distribution of [ 11C]Erlotinib to the Liver, a Translational PET Study in Humans and in Mice. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4589-4598. [PMID: 30180590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) mediate the uptake of various drugs from blood into the liver in the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a potentially powerful tool to assess the activity of hepatic OATPs in vivo, but its utility critically depends on the availability of transporter-selective probe substrates. We have shown before that among the three OATPs expressed in hepatocytes (OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1), [11C]erlotinib is selectively transported by OATP2B1. In contrast to OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, OATP2B1 has not been thoroughly explored yet, and no specific probe substrates are currently available. To assess if the prototypical OATP inhibitor rifampicin can inhibit liver uptake of [11C]erlotinib in vivo, we performed [11C]erlotinib PET scans in six healthy volunteers without and with intravenous pretreatment with rifampicin (600 mg). In addition, FVB mice underwent [11C]erlotinib PET scans without and with concurrent intravenous infusion of high-dose rifampicin (100 mg/kg). Rifampicin caused a moderate reduction in the liver distribution of [11C]erlotinib in humans, while a more pronounced effect of rifampicin was observed in mice, in which rifampicin plasma concentrations were higher than in humans. In vitro uptake experiments in an OATP2B1-overexpressing cell line indicated that rifampicin inhibited OATP2B1 transport of [11C]erlotinib in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-maximum inhibitory concentration of 72.0 ± 1.4 μM. Our results suggest that rifampicin-inhibitable uptake transporter(s) contributed to the liver distribution of [11C]erlotinib in humans and mice and that [11C]erlotinib PET in combination with rifampicin may be used to measure the activity of this/these uptake transporter(s) in vivo. Furthermore, our data suggest that a standard clinical dose of rifampicin may exert in vivo a moderate inhibitory effect on hepatic OATP2B1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Traxl
- Center for Health & Bioresources , AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , 2444 Seibersdorf , Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Poschner
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics , University of Vienna , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ , 91401 Orsay , France
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics , University of Vienna , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine - CBmed GmbH , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | | | - Thomas Wanek
- Center for Health & Bioresources , AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , 2444 Seibersdorf , Austria
| | | | - Oliver Langer
- Center for Health & Bioresources , AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , 2444 Seibersdorf , Austria
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Li J, Dawson PA. Animal models to study bile acid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:895-911. [PMID: 29782919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of animal models, particularly genetically modified mice, continues to play a critical role in studying the relationship between bile acid metabolism and human liver disease. Over the past 20 years, these studies have been instrumental in elucidating the major pathways responsible for bile acid biosynthesis and enterohepatic cycling, and the molecular mechanisms regulating those pathways. This work also revealed bile acid differences between species, particularly in the composition, physicochemical properties, and signaling potential of the bile acid pool. These species differences may limit the ability to translate findings regarding bile acid-related disease processes from mice to humans. In this review, we focus primarily on mouse models and also briefly discuss dietary or surgical models commonly used to study the basic mechanisms underlying bile acid metabolism. Important phenotypic species differences in bile acid metabolism between mice and humans are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Paul A Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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37
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Huang CS, Chen HW, Lin TY, Lin AH, Lii CK. Shikonin upregulates the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in primary rat hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:18-25. [PMID: 29414119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shikonin, a naphthoquinone pigment abundant in the root of the Chinese herb Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has been widely used to treat inflammatory diseases for thousands of years. Whether shikonin changes drug metabolism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated whether shikonin modulates the expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters as well as the possible mechanisms of this action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary hepatocytes isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 0-2 μM shikonin and the protein and mRNA levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters as well as the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined. RESULTS Shikonin dose-dependently increased the protein and RNA expression of phase I enzymes, i.e., cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1/2, CYP3A2, CYP2D1, and CYP2C6; phase II enzymes, i.e., glutathione S-transferase (GST), NADP(H) quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A1; and phase III drug transporters, i.e., P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2/3, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, and OATP2B1. Immunoblot analysis and EMSA revealed that shikonin increased AhR and Nrf2 nuclear contents and DNA binding activity. AhR and Nrf2 knockdown by siRNA attenuated the ability of shikonin to induce drug-metabolizing enzyme expression. In addition, shikonin increased p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and inhibitors of the respective kinases inhibited shikonin-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation. CONCLUSIONS Shikonin effectively upregulates the transcription of CYP isozymes, phase II detoxification enzymes, and phase III membrane transporters and this function is at least partially through activation of AhR and Nrf2. Moreover, Nrf2 activation is dependent on mitogen-activated protein kinases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/agonists
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Biotransformation
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/enzymology
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
- Male
- Membrane Transport Proteins/drug effects
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Naphthoquinones/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/agonists
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation/drug effects
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Transporter systems involved in the permeation of drugs and solutes across biological membranes are recognized as key determinants of pharmacokinetics. Typically, the action of membrane transporters on drug exposure to tissues in living organisms is inferred from invasive procedures, which cannot be applied in humans. In recent years, imaging methods have greatly progressed in terms of instruments, synthesis of novel imaging probes as well as tools for data analysis. Imaging allows pharmacokinetic parameters in different tissues and organs to be obtained in a non-invasive or minimally invasive way. The aim of this overview is to summarize the current status in the field of molecular imaging of drug transporters. The overview is focused on human studies, both for the characterization of transport systems for imaging agents as well as for the determination of drug pharmacokinetics, and makes reference to animal studies where necessary. We conclude that despite certain methodological limitations, imaging has a great potential to study transporters at work in humans and that imaging will become an important tool, not only in drug development but also in medicine. Imaging allows the mechanistic aspects of transport proteins to be studied, as well as elucidating the influence of genetic background, pathophysiological states and drug-drug interactions on the function of transporters involved in the disposition of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tournier
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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39
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Identification of novel cell-impermeant fluorescent substrates for testing the function and drug interaction of Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptides, OATP1B1/1B3 and 2B1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2630. [PMID: 29422623 PMCID: PMC5805760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptides are multispecific membrane proteins that regulate the passage of crucial endobiotics and drugs across pharmacological barriers. OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 have been described to play a major role in the hepatic uptake of statins, antivirals and various chemotherapeutics; whereas the pharmacological role of the ubiquitously expressed OATP2B1 is less well characterized. According to current industry standards, in vitro testing for susceptibility to OATP1B1 and 1B3 mediated transport is recommended for drug candidates that are eliminated in part via the liver. Here we show that human OATP1B1, 1B3 and 2B1 transport a series of commercially available viability dyes that are generally believed to be impermeable to intact cells. We demonstrate that the intracellular accumulation of Zombie Violet, Live/Dead Green, Cascade Blue and Alexa Fluor 405 is specifically increased by OATPs. Inhibition of Cascade Blue or Alexa Fluor 405 uptake by known OATP substrates/inhibitors yielded IC50 values in agreement with gold-standard radioligand assays. The fluorescence-based assays described in this study provide a new tool for testing OATP1B/2B1 drug interactions.
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DeGoey DA, Chen HJ, Cox PB, Wendt MD. Beyond the Rule of 5: Lessons Learned from AbbVie’s Drugs and Compound Collection. J Med Chem 2017; 61:2636-2651. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. DeGoey
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Hui-Ju Chen
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Philip B. Cox
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael D. Wendt
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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Chemoresistance and chemosensitization in cholangiocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1444-1453. [PMID: 28600147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the main difficulties in the management of patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is their poor response to available chemotherapy. This is the result of powerful mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOC) of quite diverse nature that usually act synergistically. The problem is often worsened by altered MOC gene expression in response to pharmacological treatment. Since CCA includes a heterogeneous group of cancers their genetic signature coding for MOC genes is also diverse; however, several shared traits have been defined. Some of these characteristics are shared with other types of liver cancer, namely hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma. An important goal in modern oncologic pharmacology is to develop novel strategies to overcome CCA chemoresistance either by increasing drug specificity, such as in targeted therapies aimed to inhibit receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, or to increase the amounts of active agents inside CCA cells by enhancing drug uptake or reducing efflux through export pumps. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Diseaseedited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen.
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Kim M, Deacon P, Tirona RG, Kim RB, Pin CL, Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Wang R, Schwarz UI. Characterization of OATP1B3 and OATP2B1 transporter expression in the islet of the adult human pancreas. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:345-357. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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