Mixed rearing correlates with the existence of Trichophyton verrucosum pathogens in humans

Bovine ringworm - Detection of Trichophyton verrucosum by SYBR-Green real-time PCR

Trichophyton verrucosum is the most commonly dermatophyte involved in cattle ringworm. This work reported a case of bovine dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton verrucosum detected from the clinical sample by SYBR-Green real-time PCR. The strategy was based on the DNA extraction directly from the infected hair followed by real-time PCR and melting-point analysis. A faster and differential diagnosis was observed when compared to the conventional mycological methodology for detection and identification of Trichophyton verrucosum.

Circulating redox status in sheep naturally infected with Trichophyton verrucosum

Trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte that causes skin inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the redox status in the blood of sheep clinically infected with T. verrucosum. According to clinical and mycological investigations, 48 juvenile male Balady sheep were selected in their natural habitat and divided into four groups depending on the lesion size: mild (MID), moderate (MOD), severe (SEV) T. verrucosum infection, and healthy control groups. Compared to the controls, plasma superoxide anion increased (P < 0.05) in both MOD and SEV but total peroxides (TPx) gradually increased (P < 0.05) in MID followed by MOD and SEV. Superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were higher (P < 0.05) in MID and lower (P < 0.05) in MOD and SEV than in controls, but SEV showed lower TAC than MOD. Malondialdehyde (MDA, a lipid peroxide marker) increased (P < 0.05) in SEV than in controls, but protein carbonyl (PC, a protein peroxidation marker) was augmented (P < 0.05) as lesions progressed from mild to severe. The oxidative stress index (TPx/TAC ratio) progressively increased (P < 0.05) in MOD and SEV. The correlation of PC was positive with TPx and negative with TAC (P < 0.01). In conclusion, sheep infection with T. verrucosum is characterized by increased TPx and decreased TAC in plasma depending on the lesion area. The redox status is shifted towards the oxidizing state, particularly in MOD and SEV cases. This results in a condition of OS, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Occurrence of Trichophyton verrucosum in cattle in the Ningxia Hui autonomous region, China

Background

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is an important cattle breeding area in China, and cattle breeding bases are located in this area. In Ningxia, dermatophytes have not been paid attention to, so dermatophytosis is becoming more and more serious. For effective control measures, it is important to determine the disease prevalence and isolate and identify the pathogenic microorganism.

Results

The study showed the prevalence of dermatophytes was 15.35% (74/482). The prevalence in calf was higher than adult cattle (p < 0.05). The morbidity was the highest in winter compared with autumn (p < 0.0001), summer (p < 0.05) and spring (p < 0.0001). The prevalence in Guyuan was the highest compared with Yinchuan (p < 0.05) and Shizuishan (p < 0.05). The incidence of lesions on the face, head, neck, trunk and whole body was 20.43, 38.71, 20.43, 10.75 and 9.68%, respectively. From all samples, the isolation rate of Trichophyton was highest (61.1%). The phylogenetic tree constructed showed that the 11 pathogenic fungi were on the same branch as Trichophyton verrucosum.

Conclusions

This study reports, for the first time, the presence of Trichophyton verrucosum in cattle in Ningxia and showed that the incidence of dermatophytosis is related to different regions, ages and seasons. A better knowledge of the prevalence of dermatophytosis of cattle may allow the adoption of more efficient control measures and prophylaxis.

ONYCHOMYCOSIS FINGER AND TOE NAIL BY CRYPTOCOCCUS LAURENTII.T VERRUCOSSUM AND CANDIDA SP

ONYCHOMYCOSIS FINGER AND TOE NAIL BY Cryptococcus laurentii, Trychophyton verrucosum, and Candida sp  Dhelya Widasmara, Diane Tantia SariDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Brawijaya Universitydr.Saiful Anwar Regional Public Hospital, Malang, IndonesiaEmail: dhelya.widasmara@gmail.com AbstractIntroduction : Onychomycosis is included in most common nail disease and contributes to 50% of onychodystropic events. So far, there are rare cases of onychomycosis due to Cryptoccus laurentii and Trychophyton verrucosum. Case : Woman, 54 y.o, complaining of brittle nails and cracked on the soles of the feet and hands since 6 months ago. Patients have daily habits to go to rice fields without gloves and footwear, and rarely wash their hands and feet after the rice fields. Dermatologic examination of all unguium digiti manus and the right and left hand, obtained discolorization of yellow and white and some blackish, subungual hyperkeratosis, onikolisis, and onikodistrofik. In plantar dekstra et sinistra, obtained erythema plaque, multiple, irregular shape, varied size, with rough skuama, as well as multiple yellow and white hyperkeratotic plaques with fissures. A 20% KOH examination of a hand and foot nail, both of which obtained a long septae hyphae. Periodic Acid-Schiff coloration (PAS) obtained a description of spores. Fungal culture from fingernail obtained growth of Criptococcus laurentii and Trichophyton spp., culture of toenails obtained growth Trichophyton verrucosum and Candida sp. Patients were treated with itraconazole tablet dose of 2x200mg / day dose for a week every month, gentamicin ointment, and 20% urea cream, myologic improvement after 4 weeks of therapy. Discussion : The incidence of onychomycosis due to Cryptoccus laurentii and Trychophyton verrucosum is still rare. The predisposing factor of infection in these patients is due to the patient's habitual contact with the paddy fields. Keywords : onychomycosis, Cryptococcus laurentii, Trychophyton verrucosum