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Ban HJ, Lee S, Jin HJ. Exploring Stroke Risk through Mendelian Randomization: A Comprehensive Study Integrating Genetics and Metabolic Traits in the Korean Population. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1311. [PMID: 38927518 PMCID: PMC11201557 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous risk factors play a role in the causation of stroke, and the cardiometabolic condition is a one of the most important. In Korea, various treatment methods are employed based on the constitutional type, which is known to differ significantly in cardiometabolic disease. In this study, we compared the estimates obtained for different groups by applying the Mendelian randomization method to investigate the causal effects of genetic characteristics on stroke, according to constitutional type. In clinical analysis, the subtypes differ significantly in diabetes or dyslipidemia. The genetic association estimates for the stroke subtype risk were obtained from MEGASTROKE, the International Stroke Genetics Consortium (ISGC), UKbiobank, and BioBank Japan (BBJ), using group-related SNPs as instrumental variables. The TE subtypes with higher risk of metabolic disease were associated with increased risk (beta = 4.190; s.e. = 1.807; p = 0.035) of cardioembolic stroke (CES), and the SE subtypes were associated with decreased risk (beta = -9.336, s.e. = 1.753; p = 3.87 × 10-5) of CES. The findings highlight the importance of personalized medicine in assessing disease risk based on an individual's constitutional type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hee-Jeong Jin
- Korean Medicine (KM) Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.B.); (S.L.)
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Resting Metabolic Rate for Diagnosing Tae-Eum Sasang Type and Unraveling the Mechanism of Type-Specific Obesity. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040672. [PMID: 36832160 PMCID: PMC9955353 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased resting metabolic rate (RMR), representing augmented energy expenditure, is a preferred physical characteristic; however, the Tae-Eum Sasang type, with a high incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases, has a higher RMR. This study scrutinized the physical characteristics of Sasang typology, a traditional Korean personalized medicine, to resolve this discrepancy, which can unravel the mechanism of Tae-Eum-type-specific obesity and improve the Tae-Eum Sasang-type diagnosis. A total of 395 healthy participants provided Sasang-type diagnosis using Sasang Constitutional Analysis Tool and physical features, including skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and RMR, along with those standardized using body weight. The Tae-Eum-type group showed significantly higher body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and unstandardized RMR (kcal/day) than others, while their standardized measures of RMR per weigh (RMRw, kcal/day/kg) and percent skeletal muscle (PSM, %) were significantly lower. The logistic regression model revealed that the RMRw is pivotal for discriminating Tae-Eum type from others and explaining the developmental mechanism of Tae-Eum-type obesity. The aforementioned might provide a theoretical framework for Sasang-type diagnosis and Sasang-type-specific health promotion using bodily exercise and medical herbs.
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Kim J, Jeong K, Lee S, Seo BN, Baek Y. Low nutritional status links to the prevalence of pre-metabolic syndrome and its cluster in metabolically high-risk Korean adults: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25905. [PMID: 34011058 PMCID: PMC8137084 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a crucial role as a modifiable risk factor related to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its cluster. Constitution type of traditional Korean medicine has shown accuracy to predict the risk for MetS. We attempted to examine the association between nutritional status, pre-MetS, and its cluster in Korean adults by their constitution type.Participants aged 30 to 55 years who had no cancer or cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were assigned to join in the present study. Pre-MetS was defined as ≥2 of the following factors: abdominal obesity; elevated triglycerides (TG); reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); elevated blood pressure (BP); and elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Constitution type was categorized into Tae-Eumin (TE) or non-TE. Dietary assessment of the subjects were surveyed using a short-form of the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the nutrition quotient (NQ), which uses 4 factors, namely, balance, diversity, moderation, and dietary behavior.A total of 986 subjects were evaluated by constitution type with MetS status. Of these subjects, 48.6% had pre-MetS, 89.5% were obese and had the highest waist circumference (WC) in Pre-MetS TE. BP, FPG, TG were higher, while HDL-C was lower, than normal TE or non-TE both in Pre-MetS TE and non-TE. The prevalence of pre-MetS was positively associated with lower status of dietary behavior (odds ratio [ORs]: 2.153, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.179-3.931) while negatively related to higher vegetables and fruits intakes (ORs: 0.594, 95% CI: 0.359-0.983) in TE. Lower status of NQ had about 2 times higher risk of Pre-MetS (ORs: 1.855, 95% CI: 1.018-3.380) and abdominal obesity (ORs: 2.035, 95% CI: 1.097-3.775) in TE compared with higher status of NQ after controlling for covariates.Poor diet was a key contributor to the development of Pre-MetS and abdominal obesity in Korean adults with TE. Customized nutrition care and integrated medicinal approaches are strongly suggested to conduct optimal preventive care for people who are vulnerable to health risk.
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Kim J, Jeong K, Lee S, Baek Y. Relationship between Low Vegetable Consumption, Increased High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Level, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Korean Adults with Tae-Eumin: A Cross-Sectional Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:3631445. [PMID: 34055004 PMCID: PMC8131133 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3631445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An anti-inflammatory diet has many beneficial effects on cardiometabolic diseases. Constitution type of traditional Korean medicine can predict cardiometabolic risk factors. We examined the relationship between vegetable consumption and the high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level on cardiometabolic risk factors in Korean adults by constitution types. Data from 1,983 eligible participants (mean age, 44.3 years) were included in the present cross-sectional study. The inflammatory status of the participants was categorized into low- (<3.0 mg/L) or high-risk (≥3.0 mg/L) groups based on their constitution types. Cardiometabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, and ≥2 concurrent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors) and dietary assessment of the participants were assessed. A total of 11.1% of Tae-eumin (TE) and 4.9% of non-TE groups had a higher hs-CRP level (TE: 6.6 ± 0.2, non-TE: 8.4 ± 0.3) than a low hs-CRP level TE and non-TE (TE: 0.9 ± 0.1, non-TE: 0.6 ± 0.1). Vegetable consumption of <91.5 g/day was highly associated with a high-risk hs-CRP level (adjusted odds ratio (ORs): second tertile (T2): 2.290, (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.285-4.082); first tertile (T1): 2.474 (95% CI: 1.368-4.475), P=0.003) compared with that of the highest (T3) in TE. Low (T1 and T2) vegetable consumption was associated with a 54-63% increased prevalence of more than two concurrent CVDs risk factors compared with that of the highest in the TE group (P=0.012). Higher vegetable consumption greatly decreased the prevalence of CVDs risk factors by 63-86% in the low-risk and high-risk hs-CRP TE groups. Our results highlight the cardioprotective effects of higher consumption of vegetables in Korean adults with TE. Evidence-based clinical risk factor management and multifaceted approaches at the community and population levels targeting prevention in high-burden groups are recommended to reduce the premature mortality attributed to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsik Jeong
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Siwoo Lee
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Baek
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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Lee SH, Hwang M, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Lee EJ, Kwon CY, Chung SY, Kim JW, Chang GT. Analysis of the bio-psychological characteristics of Sasang typology in Korean preschool children using the ponderal index and the temperament and character inventory. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:175-183. [PMID: 32845863 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify different physical and mental characteristics among three common Sasang types, Tae-eum, So-yang, and So-eum (except scarce type, Tae-Yang) in preschoolers, to improve constitutional diagnoses. METHODS Our study included 65 boys and 67 girls from six kindergartens in South Korea. The number of children who were categorized as Tae-Yang, Tae-Eum, So-Yang, and So-Eum types were 1, 56, 40, and 35, respectively. We measured height, weight, mid-parental height, predicted adult height, ponderal index (PI), and findings from the junior temperament and character inventory 3 to 6. RESULTS The Tae-eum type exhibited higher weight percentiles and PIs than the other types (p < 0.001), and the So-eum type displayed higher harm avoidance (HA) scores than the Tae-eum type (p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Children with high PIs and low HA scores have a higher probability of being classified as the Tae-eum type than as the So-eum type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Haeng Lee
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Hwang
- Department of Sasang Constitution, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang-dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Heon Choi
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yong Chung
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang-dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang-dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Chang
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang-dong, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
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Koo BS, Song Y, Lee S, Sung YK, Shin KJ, Cho NH, Jun JB. Analysis of Asian Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups Associated With the Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis in Koreans. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2020.27.3.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bon San Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonah Song
- Departments of Radiology Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Departments of Radiology Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Sung
- Departments of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Shin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam H. Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Jun
- Departments of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
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Baek Y, Seo BN, Jeong K, Yoo H, Lee S. Lifestyle, genomic types and non-communicable diseases in Korea: a protocol for the Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort study (KDCC). BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034499. [PMID: 32276954 PMCID: PMC7170630 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, including in Korea; thus, customised techniques for chronic disease management for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of NCDs are crucial. The Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort (KDCC) study has been tasked with developing precise health promotion model for preventing and managing chronic diseases that considers individual traits, lifestyle factors and clinical data based on traditional Korean medicine. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The KDCC study is a prospective cohort study of the community-based population in Korea. This study will sample 2000 adults aged 30-55 years in Daejeon area using stratified cluster sampling. The baseline survey began in 2017 and was completed in 2019, and follow-up surveys will be conducted three times every 2 years until 2025. In follow-ups, factors related to cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and relevant diseases, as well as respondents' health status information, will be examined via questionnaire surveys and health examinations. DISCUSSION The KDCC study will investigate the effects of an interaction of Korean medicine type with genome based, lifestyle and various clinical information on chronic diseases and individuals' health status using longitudinal epidemiological data. These findings are expected to inform the development of tailored health promotion programmes based on precision Korean medicine. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER KCT0004297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwa Baek
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Bok-Nam Seo
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kyoungsik Jeong
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Horyong Yoo
- Clinical Trial Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Siwoo Lee
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
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Metabolite Markers for Characterizing Sasang Constitution Type through GC-MS and 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8783496. [PMID: 30854017 PMCID: PMC6378031 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8783496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sasang constitutional medicine classifies human beings into four types based on their physical and psychological characteristics. Despite its potential value in achieving personalized medicine, the diagnosis of sasang constitution (SC) type is complex and subjective. In this study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance–based metabolic analyses were conducted to find maker metabolites in serum and urine according to different SC types. Although some samples were overlapped on orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis score plots, serum samples showed separation between different SC types. Levels of lactate, glutamate, triglyceride, and fatty acids in serum and glycolic acid in urine of Tae-Eum type were higher than those of So-Eum and So-Yang type. Fatty acids, triglyceride, and lactate levels were found to be metabolites related to body mass index, indicating that marker metabolites for the diagnosis of SC type could be associated with obese. However, Tae-Eum type showed higher lactate levels in serum than So-Yang type for both normal weight and overweight groups, suggesting that the contents of serum lactate might be dependent on the SC type regardless of body weight. These results suggest that metabolomics analysis could be used to determine SC type.
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Koo BS, Song Y, Lee S, Sung Y, Shin K, Cho NH, Jun J. Association of Asian mitochondrial DNA haplogroup B with new development of knee osteoarthritis in Koreans. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 22:411-416. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bon San Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Yoonah Song
- Department of Radiology Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases Seoul Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Department of Radiology Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases Seoul Korea
| | - Yoon‐Kyoung Sung
- Department of Rheumatology Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases Seoul Korea
| | - Kyoung‐Jin Shin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Nam H. Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
| | - Jae‐Bum Jun
- Department of Rheumatology Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases Seoul Korea
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Kwon BC, Choi MJ, Kim JT, Choi E, Kim YB, Kwon S, Sun J, Choo J. RetainVis: Visual Analytics with Interpretable and Interactive Recurrent Neural Networks on Electronic Medical Records. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2018; 25:299-309. [PMID: 30136973 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2018.2865027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have recently seen many successful applications of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) on electronic medical records (EMRs), which contain histories of patients' diagnoses, medications, and other various events, in order to predict the current and future states of patients. Despite the strong performance of RNNs, it is often challenging for users to understand why the model makes a particular prediction. Such black-box nature of RNNs can impede its wide adoption in clinical practice. Furthermore, we have no established methods to interactively leverage users' domain expertise and prior knowledge as inputs for steering the model. Therefore, our design study aims to provide a visual analytics solution to increase interpretability and interactivity of RNNs via a joint effort of medical experts, artificial intelligence scientists, and visual analytics researchers. Following the iterative design process between the experts, we design, implement, and evaluate a visual analytics tool called RetainVis, which couples a newly improved, interpretable, and interactive RNN-based model called RetainEX and visualizations for users' exploration of EMR data in the context of prediction tasks. Our study shows the effective use of RetainVis for gaining insights into how individual medical codes contribute to making risk predictions, using EMRs of patients with heart failure and cataract symptoms. Our study also demonstrates how we made substantial changes to the state-of-the-art RNN model called RETAIN in order to make use of temporal information and increase interactivity. This study will provide a useful guideline for researchers that aim to design an interpretable and interactive visual analytics tool for RNNs.
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Cho NH, Song Y, Lee S, Sung YK, Jun JB. Incidence of knee chondrocalcinosis and its risk factors in a community-based cohort. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 21:1391-1397. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nam H. Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - Yoonah Song
- Department of Radiology; SmileBon Hospital; Pyeongtaek Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Department of Radiology; Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases; Seoul Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Sung
- Department of Rheumatology; Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases; Seoul Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Jun
- Department of Rheumatology; Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases; Seoul Korea
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Lee J, Han SY, Hwang M, Bae N, Chae H. Biopsychological and pathophysiological features of Cold-Heat subgroup of Sasang typology with Sasang Digestive Function Inventory, Sasang Personality Questionnaire and Body Mass Index. Integr Med Res 2018; 7:68-76. [PMID: 29629293 PMCID: PMC5883998 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Sasang typology is a traditional Korean personalized medicine and its Cold-Heat subgroup identification is essential for effective use of medical herbs and acupuncture. The purpose of this study was to discover differences between Cold-Heat subgroups with objective clinical measures and to examine its clinical usefulness. Methods The pathophysiological symptoms of the digestive system, temperament and body shape of 241 patients were measured using the Sasang Digestive Function Inventory (SDFI), Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and Body Mass Index (BMI). The differences between Cold and Heat subgroups of each Sasang types were tested by Analysis of Covariance considering age and sex, while the associations of SDFI, SPQ and BMI with Cold-Heat subgroup were examined by logistic regression analysis. Results There were significant differences between Cold and Heat subgroups in SDFI, SPQ and BMI for the So-Yang, SDFI and BMI for the Tae-Eum type and SDFI-Digestion subscale for the So-Eum type. Moreover, the SDFI-Digestion was a substantial predictor for Cold-Heat subgroup identification in three Sasang types. The logistic regression model with SDFI, SPQ and BMI correctly predicted 81.9%, 77% and 75.5% of the Cold-Heat subgroups in So-Yang, Tae-Eum and So-Eum types, respectively. Conclusion The results of the present study showed that the objective and validated clinical measures of SDFI, SPQ and BMI would be useful for differentiating Cold-Heat subgroups of Sasang typology. Further clinical studies on pathophysiological mechanisms in Cold-Heat subgroup are required to generalize these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongyun Lee
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Minwoo Hwang
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Bae
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,First Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Han Chae
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Traditional Knowledge-based Medicine: A Review of History, Principles, and Relevance in the Present Context of P4 Systems Medicine. PROGRESS IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/pp9.0000000000000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Modification of the Integrated Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9180159. [PMID: 29317897 PMCID: PMC5727843 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9180159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In 2012, the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine proposed an objective and comprehensive physical diagnostic model to address quantification problems in the existing Sasang constitutional diagnostic method. However, certain issues have been raised regarding a revision of the proposed diagnostic model. In this paper, we propose various methodological approaches to address the problems of the previous diagnostic model. Firstly, more useful variables are selected in each component. Secondly, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator is used to reduce multicollinearity without the modification of explanatory variables. Thirdly, proportions of SC types and age are considered to construct individual diagnostic models and classify the training set and the test set for reflecting the characteristics of the entire dataset. Finally, an integrated model is constructed with explanatory variables of individual diagnosis models. The proposed integrated diagnostic model significantly improves the sensitivities for both the male SY type (36.4% → 62.0%) and the female SE type (43.7% → 64.5%), which were areas of limitation of the previous integrated diagnostic model. The ideas of these new algorithms are expected to contribute not only to the scientific development of Sasang constitutional medicine in Korea but also to that of other diagnostic methods for traditional medicine.
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Shim EB, Leem CH, Kim JJ, Kim JY. Lower cellular metabolic power can be an explanation for obesity trend in Tae-Eum type: hypothesis and clinical observation. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:254-259. [PMID: 28951839 PMCID: PMC5605387 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Those classified as Tae-Eum (TE)-type people in Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM) are prone to obesity. Although extensive clinical observations have confirmed this tendency, the underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. Here, we propose a novel hypothesis using integrative physiology to explain this phenomenon. Methods Hypoactive lung function in the TE type indicates that respiration is attenuated at the cellular level—specifically, mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Because a functional reduction in cellular energy metabolism is suggestive of intrinsic hypoactivity in the consumption (or production) of metabolic energy, we reasoned that this tendency can readily cause weight gain via an increase in anabolism. Thus, this relationship can be derived from the graph of cellular metabolic power plotted against body weight. We analyzed the clinical data of 548 individuals to test this hypothesis. Results The statistical analysis revealed that the cellular metabolic rate was lower in TE-type individuals and that their percentage of obesity (body mass index >25) was significantly higher compared to other constitutional groups. Conclusion Lower cellular metabolic power can be an explanation for the obesity trend in TE type people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bo Shim
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Chae Hun Leem
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Jae Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Devices, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jong Yeol Kim
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Lee S, Lee SK, Kim JY, Cho N, Shin C. Sasang constitutional types for the risk prediction of metabolic syndrome: a 14-year longitudinal prospective cohort study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:438. [PMID: 28865470 PMCID: PMC5581468 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine whether the use of Sasang constitutional (SC) types, such as Tae-yang (TY), Tae-eum (TE), So-yang (SY), and So-eum (SE) types, increases the accuracy of risk prediction for metabolic syndrome. METHODS From 2001 to 2014, 3529 individuals aged 40 to 69 years participated in a longitudinal prospective cohort. The Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to predict the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. RESULTS During the 14 year follow-up, 1591 incident events of metabolic syndrome were observed. Individuals with TE type had higher body mass indexes and waist circumferences than individuals with SY and SE types. The risk of developing metabolic syndrome was the highest among individuals with the TE type, followed by the SY type and the SE type. When the prediction risk models for incident metabolic syndrome were compared, the area under the curve for the model using SC types was significantly increased to 0.8173. Significant predictors for incident metabolic syndrome were different according to the SC types. For individuals with the TE type, the significant predictors were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), education, smoking, drinking, fasting glucose level, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride level. For Individuals with the SE type, the predictors were sex, smoking, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride level, while the predictors in individuals with the SY type were age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, total cholesterol level, fasting glucose level, HDL cholesterol level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride level. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective cohort study among 3529 individuals, we observed that utilizing the SC types significantly increased the accuracy of the risk prediction for the development of metabolic syndrome.
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Chae H, Lee J, Jeon ES, Kim JK. Personalized acupuncture treatment with Sasang typology. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:329-336. [PMID: 29296559 PMCID: PMC5741392 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sasang typology, traditional Korean personalized medicine, divides people into four Sasang types and suggests type-specific medical herbs and acupuncture for more safe and effective treatment. The main idea of Sasang typology seems relatively simple; however, the Sasang type diagnosis and type-specific treatment in clinical situation has been difficult for the clinicians and researchers. This study provided clinical procedures of type-specific Tae-Geuk Acupuncture (TGA) therapy along with basic understandings on Sasang typology and clinical indices for Sasang type differentiation. The TGA therapy would be useful for psychosomatic complaints and chronic pains by restoring the balance of Yin–Yang. The clinical application of TGA, its related biological mechanisms, and implications for further prospective clinical study were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chae
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Korea
| | - Jeongyun Lee
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Korea.,Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korea
| | - Eun Sang Jeon
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Korea.,Department of Alternative Medicine, Medipol Mega Hospital, Turkey
| | - Jae Kyu Kim
- Division of Clinical medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, 50610, Korea
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Lim SH, Jeon ES, Lee J, Han SY, Chae H. Pharmacognostic outlooks on medical herbs of Sasang typology. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:231-239. [PMID: 28951836 PMCID: PMC5605368 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to review the pharmacognostic characteristics of Sasang type-specific medical herbs and suggest biological mechanisms that might be related to the personalized treatment of the East. Major compounds and their pharmacological activities of medical herbs for each Sasang types were systematically reviewed. The pharmacognostic characteristics of its main compounds were systematically analyzed with previous studies and three web-based databases. Sasang type-specific medical herbs were selected, and biological effects of their phytochemicals were reviewed from the pathophysiological features of each Sasang types. Phenolics were dominant in Tae-Yang type-specific herbs, iridoids and triterpenes with antipyretic and diuretic effects were in So-Yang type-specific, saponins (triterpene saponins and steroidal saponins) with antitussive effects were in Tae-Eum type-specific, and monoterpene and sesquiterpenes with stomachic effect were in So-Eum type-specific herbs. Pharmacognostic understandings on Sasang type-specific medical herbs with consideration of type-specific pathophysiological features were provided for the first time. This study would contribute to in-depth understandings on the pathophysiology of Sasang typology and integration of East-Asian and Western personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hye Lim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Sang Jeon
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jeongyun Lee
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Han Chae
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Kim HK, Lee H, So JH, Jeong SH, Seo DY, Kim JY, Kim S, Han J. Energy metabolism and whole-exome sequencing-based analysis of Sasang constitution: a pilot study. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:165-178. [PMID: 28664140 PMCID: PMC5478259 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Korean Sasang constitutional (SC) medicine categorizes individuals into four constitutional types [Tae-eum (TE), So-eum (SE), Tae-yang (TY), or So-yang (SY)] based on biological and physiological characteristics. As these characteristics are closely related to the bioenergetics of the human body, we assessed the correlation between SC type and energy metabolism features. METHODS Forty healthy, young (22.3 ± 1.4 years) males volunteered to participate in this study. Participants answered an SC questionnaire, and their face shape, voice tone, and body shape were assessed using an SC analysis tool. Thirty-one participants (10 TE, 10 SE, 3 TY, and 8 SY) were selected for further analysis. Collected blood samples were subjected to blood composition analysis, mitochondrial function analysis, and whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS The SY type showed significantly lower total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the SE type. Cellular and mitochondrial Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were similar across types. All types showed similar basal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, whereas the TE type showed a significantly lower ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate than the other types. Whole-exome sequencing identified several genes variants that were exclusively detected in particular SC types, including 19 for SE, seven for SY, 11 for TE, and six for TY. CONCLUSION SC type-specific differences in mitochondrial function and gene mutations were detected in a small group of healthy, young Korean males. These results are expected to greatly improve the accurate screening and utilization of SC medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heetak Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Ji Ho So
- Department of Medical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Jeong
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dae Yun Seo
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Kim
- Department of Medical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Lee AR, Park J, Jung KJ, Jee SH, Kim-Yoon S. Genetic variation rs7930 in the miR-4273-5p target site is associated with a risk of colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6885-6895. [PMID: 27853382 PMCID: PMC5106228 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s108787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that play roles as tumor suppressors or oncogenes by regulating the expression of target genes via binding to seed-match sequences. Polymorphisms in the miRNA-binding site of a target gene can alter miRNA binding and potentially affect the risk of cancer. The objective of this study was to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA-binding sites and assess their involvement in the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS SNPs in the 3' untranslated regions of genes were selected and assessed for their effects on CRC risk in Korean population using participants in Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II. A detailed study was carried out with the SNP rs7930 in the 3' untranslated region of the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20) gene. A case-control study (1,545 controls and 620 CRC cases) was conducted to analyze the relationship between polymorphism at rs7930 and the risk of CRC. An interacting miRNA was predicted using web-based software programs, and its interaction with rs7930 in CRC cell lines was investigated by using a luciferase assay. RESULTS Individuals carrying the rs7930 AG genotype (G allele) had a 1.721-fold increased risk for CRC in comparison with those with the AA genotype (A allele). The miRNA miR-4273-5p was found to specifically interact with the A allele of rs7930 and to suppress the expression of the target gene (TOMM20) in CRC cell lines. CONCLUSION rs7930 is an independent genetic risk factor for CRC susceptibility. Our study suggests a mechanism of how this SNP contributes to CRC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Reum Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongkeun Park
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim-Yoon
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee HY, Lee WJ, Kim HW, Jang ES, Ahn YC, Ku BC, Kang W, Lee SW, Son CG. A Systematic Review on Sasang Constitutional Type-Associated Susceptibility to Disorders in Korea. J Altern Complement Med 2016; 22:950-956. [PMID: 27754711 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Sasang constitutional medicine is a component of traditional Korean medicine that classifies individuals into four Sasang constitutional types (SCTs) by their physical and psychological traits. Each SCT is known to show different susceptibilities to disorders. This systematic review investigated the effect of SCT as a risk factor for various disorders. METHODS A systematic literature survey was conducted by searching seven databases for all articles on the prevalence rates of disorders according to SCT and sex. RESULTS From 14,272 relevant articles, 15 studies (13 disorders) were ultimately identified to verify different prevalence rates by SCT. Of the 13 disorders, 6 (prehypertension, general obesity, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and irritable bowel syndrome [IBS]) had a significantly different prevalence by SCT. Metabolic syndrome and its associated disorders showed the highest prevalence in Taeumin-type individuals, whereas IBS was most prevalent in Soeumin-type individuals. In general, these findings were consistent with the results obtained in an analysis of male and female participants. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that susceptibility to disorders was affected by SCT to some extent. Further studies are needed to determine the concrete features of SCT-related susceptibility, which may be helpful in preventive medicine with Sasang constitutional practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yong Lee
- 1 College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Lee
- 1 College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- 1 College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Su Jang
- 1 College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Chan Ahn
- 2 Department of Health Service Management, Daejeon University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Cho Ku
- 3 KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Weechang Kang
- 4 Department of Statistics, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Woo Lee
- 5 Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- 1 College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Lee SK, Yoon DW, Lee SW, Kim JY, Kim JK, Cho NH, Shin C. Association of Sasang Constitutional Types with Incident Hypertension: A 12-Year Follow-Up Study. J Altern Complement Med 2016; 22:706-12. [PMID: 27454325 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2015.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sasang constitutional types (SCTs) are four distinct classifications of people based on physiologic and physical characteristics. The different types have been reported to have different disease susceptibility, but there are no studies reporting the association of SCT and hypertension (HTN) over a long-term follow-up period. This study prospectively investigated the association between SCT and incidence of HTN. DESIGN This was a prospective study in a population-based cohort study in Korea. SUBJECTS Data from two independent population-based cohorts that are embedded within the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were used. A total of 2083 subjects who were free of HTN at baseline were selected for the analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES HTN was diagnosed as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mmHg and diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, use of antihypertensive medication, or diagnosis by doctor. The SCTs were classified using an integrated diagnostic method that included facial features, body shape, voice, and questionnaire responses. The association between the SCT and the incidence of HTN was investigated by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and calculation of estimated survival functions. RESULTS The Tae-eum (TE) type showed a significantly increased risk for HTN (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-2.10; p = 0.005), even after adjusting for all possible confounders. In a stratified analysis by body mass index (BMI) conducted only in the TE type, even those in the TE type with normal BMI had a significantly higher risk for HTN (HR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.07-2.03; p = 0.016). Furthermore, survival analysis showed that the TE type had a higher rate of developing HTN than the So-eum and So-yang types had, regardless of obesity status. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the TE type is an independent risk factor for HTN. Thus, early prevention and treatment for HTN in this type are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ku Lee
- 1 Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital , Danwon-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Wui Yoon
- 1 Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital , Danwon-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Woo Lee
- 2 Constitutional Medicine and Diagnosis Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Yeol Kim
- 3 Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kwan Kim
- 4 Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Jungwon University , Goesan-eup, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Han Cho
- 5 Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine , Youngtong Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chol Shin
- 1 Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital , Danwon-gu, Republic of Korea.,6 Department of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital , Danwon-gu, Republic of Korea
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Lee SK, Yoon DW, Choi KM, Lee SW, Kim JY, Kim JK, Hong JH, Cho NH, Shin C. The association of Sasang constitutional types with metabolic syndrome: A pooled analysis of data from three cohorts. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kim Y, Park K, Yoo J, Jang E. Sasang Constitution May Play a Key Role in Increasing the Number of Sub-Elements of Metabolic Syndrome. J Altern Complement Med 2016; 22:204-11. [PMID: 26914220 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2015.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS), a representative cluster of chronic diseases, is defined by the presence of three or more of the following five elements: high blood glucose, high blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)cholesterol, high serum triglyceride levels, and abdominal obesity. Recently, innate factors have been continuously demonstrated as important risk factors for increasing the number of MS sub-elements. Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM) is a traditional Korean medicine in which each Sasang constitution (SC) type has a different susceptibility to pathology and diseases. The aim of this study is to determine whether the SC could be an independent risk factor for single and multiple MS sub-elements. METHODS Twenty-four Korean medical clinics joined the study, and 3334 participants aged 20-80 years were recruited. Clinical data related to MS and general characteristics were obtained. The chi-square test and a one-way analysis of variance were conducted, and the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated through multinomial logistic regression according to the SC. RESULTS The prevalence of single and multiple MS sub-elements was significantly different according to SC. The ORs of the Tae-Eumin (TE) type were significantly high for abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, and hypertension. The ORs for the So-Yangin type were also high in hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol compared with the So-Eumin type, even after being adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, and eating habits. As the numbers of MS sub-elements increased, the ORs of the TE type also increased. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the SC types may be risk factors for not only single MS sub-elements but also multiple MS sub-elements and that the TE type's risk degree is associated with an increase in the number of MS sub-elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyoung Kim
- 1 Department of Nursing, Sangmyung University , Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea
| | - Kihyun Park
- 2 Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jonghyang Yoo
- 2 Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunsu Jang
- 2 Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, South Korea .,3 Department of Diagnosis College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University , Daejeon, South Korea
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Chae H, Kown Y. Best-fit index for describing physical perspectives in Sasang typology. Integr Med Res 2014; 4:20-28. [PMID: 28664105 PMCID: PMC5481759 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the best-fit index for describing the constitutional or physical characteristics of Sasang typology for its universal application. METHODS Ponderal index (PI), body mass index (BMI), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the nationwide participants (n = 1663; age, 31-60 years) were calculated. We described and analyzed the usefulness of each index for maximizing the differences between Sasang types across age and sex using box plots, Pearson's correlation, and analysis of variance. RESULTS We found that the So-Eum, So-Yang, and Tae-Eum Sasang types were significantly (p < 0.001) different from each other in terms of PI, BMI, and BMR by the World Health Organization with weight (BMR-WHOw). The BMI was significantly correlated with PI (r = 0.933) and BMR-WHOw (r = 0.577). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These study results show that PI, BMR, and BMI have their own clinical values, and could contribute to the study of the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the Sasang typology as the hypothalamus hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chae
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy, Busan, Korea
| | - Youngkyu Kown
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy, Busan, Korea
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Kim JY, Noble D. Recent progress and prospects in Sasang constitutional medicine: a traditional type of physiome-based treatment. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 116:76-80. [PMID: 25240519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The history of the constitution perspective in medical care dates back thousands of years and extends from the East to the West. Among the various forms of constitutional medicine, Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM) is a holistic, tailored medical approach that is based on a well-structured theoretical system that includes physiopathological disciplines. Scientific evidence has demonstrated that SCM typology has a constitution-specific basis in anthropometrics, physiological characteristics, disease vulnerability, and genetic origins. Furthermore, the recent rise of systems biology, which requires whole body modeling, uses a state-of-the-art approach in interpreting the holistic spirit of Oriental medicine. This article aims to provide an overview of the recent achievements in SCM research and to discuss how the concept of balance in SCM may contribute to the development of large scale modeling in systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yeol Kim
- Department of Medical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis Noble
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
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Baek Y, Park K, Lee S, Jang E. The prevalence of general and abdominal obesity according to sasang constitution in Korea. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:298. [PMID: 25123680 PMCID: PMC4155100 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and could affect mortality rates. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) have been used to classify obesity, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) has recently emerged as a discriminator of cardiovascular disease. Sasang constitution (SC) is a kind of well-known traditional Korean medicine: Tae-eumin (TE), Soeumin (SE), Taeyangin (TY) and Soyangin (SY) carrying a different level of susceptibility to chronic diseases. We aimed to examine the prevalence in general and abdominal obesity (AO) using BMI, WC and WHR according to SC in the Korean population. Methods A total of 3,348 subjects were recruited from 24 Korean medicine clinics. Obesity was divided into three categories: general obesity by BMI, abdominal obesity by waist circumference (WC AO) and abdominal obesity by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR AO). A Chi-square test was performed to compare prevalence, and logistic regression was conducted to generate odds ratios (ORs) according to SC (p < .05). Results The prevalence of general obesity was significantly higher in males than in females. The highest prevalence of general obesity, WC AO and WHR AO were all observed in the TE type, and the SY and SE types were followed in order, for both males and females respectively. The TE type was highly associated with increased risk of general obesity (OR = 20.2, 95% CI: 12.4-32.9 in males and OR = 14.3, 95% CI: 10.1-20.2 in females), of WC AO (OR = 10.7, 95% CI: 7.2-15.9 in males and OR = 7.5, 95% CI: 5.8-9.6 in females), and of WHR AO (OR = 4.6, 95% CI: 3.3-6.4 in males and OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.9-4.9 in females) compared with the SE type. In addition, after controlling for age, social status and eating habits, the ORs were similar to the crude model according to gender and SC. Conclusions This study shows that the prevalence of obesity varies according to SC in the Korean population. In particular, the TE type was highly associated with increased ORs for general obesity, WC AO and WHR AO in both genders.
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New insight into improvement of cardiovascular outcomes with intensive glycemic control in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus included. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:9-15. [PMID: 25113641 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is very concerning since this is a widespread chronic disease in adult and elderly population. Different epidemiological studies confirmed strong relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) inclusive MetS and the occurrence of microvascular and macrovascular complications in these patients. Therefore, we are discussing molecular mechanisms and pathways recently introduced and intensively researched. These molecules have been held responsible for direct and indirect correlative trends important in the assessment of potential benefit of intensive glycemic control. Novel substances may improve patient's outcome in recent future regarding cardiovascular complications though their acting mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. We are reviewing whether it would intensive glycemic control be a reasonable approach in patients with MetS when DM2 is included and which recommendations are currently widely applied. The aim was therefore to emphasize current need for further investigations in the field since the utility of intensive glycemic control in all DM/MetS patients as mean for reduction of cardiovascular complications still remains controversial.
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