A study on the glycemic, lipid and blood pressure control of type 2 diabetes patients of Kerala

Prevalence of Self-care Practices among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and its Effect on Glycemic Control: A Cross-sectional Study in Secondary and Tertiary Health-care Centers in Lucknow

Background

Globally, prevalence of diabetes is 10.5%, and in 2019, approximately 463 million adults were living with diabetes by 2045; this will increase to 700 million (10.9%). India is a diabetic capital of world, prevalence of diabetes in India is 8.3%.

Aim

This study aimed to assess self-care practices (SCPs) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, its predictors, and effect of SCP on glycemic control.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted among 300 known T2DM patients in the age group of 18-60 years attending noncommunicable diseases clinic at Secondary and Tertiary Care Hospitals of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, selected using two-stage purposive sampling method. Data were collected using a predesigned and pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Data were collected from consenting respondents on the sociodemographic profile (about their residence, gender, marital status, type of family, educational status, family income, employment status, etc.). SCP was assessed using Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results

Among 300 patients with a mean age 50 ± 8.9 years, the prevalence of good SCPs was 37%. Out of 189 T2DM patients with poor SCPs, 66.4% had uncontrolled blood sugar level (285.4 ± 67 mg/dL). Out of 73 T2DM patients with poor SCPs, 65.7% had uncontrolled glycated hemoglobin level (8.4% ± 2%), and this was statistically significant.

Conclusion

The practice of self-care was found to be suboptimal among patients with T2DM in the study.

Lipid Profile in Indian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Scope for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction

OBJECTIVE

Reduction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in patients with diabetes requires proper management of lipid parameters. This study aimed to find the pattern of dyslipidemia and scope of ASCVD risk reduction in patients with diabetes by lipid management.

METHODS

Clinical, biochemical, and medication profiles of all patients with diabetes attending a tertiary diabetes care hospital over a 2-year period were collected. The prevalence of various lipid abnormalities was determined after excluding patients with thyroid dysfunction and those on lipid-lowering medications. Patients were stratified according to LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, and other clinical parameters were compared among the groups. The adequacy of statin treatment was assessed based on American Diabetes Association guidelines.

RESULTS

Nine hundred and seventy-one patients were included. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 40.0%, of whom 14.6% were newly diagnosed. The most common lipid abnormality was elevated LDL cholesterol. Higher A1C and fasting blood glucose values were found to be associated with higher LDL cholesterol levels. Twenty-seven percent of patients with indications for treatment with statins were receiving them. Of those being treated with statins, 42.6% had an LDL cholesterol level ≥100 mg/dL.

CONCLUSION

In South Indian patients with type 2 diabetes and fair glycemic control, high LDL cholesterol is the predominant lipid abnormality. There remains a huge potential for ASCVD risk reduction in this population if the knowledge practice gap is addressed.