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Zhang F, Shan S, Fu C, Guo S, Liu C, Wang S. Advanced Mass Spectrometry-Based Biomarker Identification for Metabolomics of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Molecules 2024; 29:2530. [PMID: 38893405 PMCID: PMC11173766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the years, there has been notable progress in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment modalities of diabetes and its complications, including the application of metabolomics in the study of diabetes, capturing attention from researchers worldwide. Advanced mass spectrometry, including gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS), etc., has significantly broadened the spectrum of detectable metabolites, even at lower concentrations. Advanced mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful tool in diabetes research, particularly in the context of metabolomics. By leveraging the precision and sensitivity of advanced mass spectrometry techniques, researchers have unlocked a wealth of information within the metabolome. This technology has enabled the identification and quantification of potential biomarkers associated with diabetes and its complications, providing new ideas and methods for clinical diagnostics and metabolic studies. Moreover, it offers a less invasive, or even non-invasive, means of tracking disease progression, evaluating treatment efficacy, and understanding the underlying metabolic alterations in diabetes. This paper summarizes advanced mass spectrometry for the application of metabolomics in diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic encephalopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic foot ulcers and organizes some of the potential biomarkers of the different complications with the aim of providing ideas and methods for subsequent in-depth metabolic research and searching for new ways of treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (F.Z.); (C.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Shan Shan
- College of Life Science, National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China;
| | - Chenlu Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (F.Z.); (C.F.); (S.G.)
- School of Pharmacy, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (F.Z.); (C.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (F.Z.); (C.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Shuanglong Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
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Wong YH, Wong SH, Wong XT, Yi Yap Q, Yip KY, Wong LZ, Chellappan DK, Bhattamisra SK, Candasamy M. Genetic associated complications of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a review. Panminerva Med 2021; 64:274-288. [PMID: 34609116 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.21.04285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
According to the International Diabetes Federation, the number of adults (age of 20-79) being diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) have increased from 285 million in year 2009 to 463 million in year 2019 which comprises of 95% Type 2 DM patient (T2DM). Research have claimed that genetic predisposition could be one of the factors causing T2DM complications. In addition, T2DMcomplications cause an incremental risk to mortality. Therefore, this article aims to discuss some complications of T2DM in and their genetic association. The complications that are discussed in this article are diabetic nephropathy, diabetes induced cardiovascular disease, diabetic neuropathy, Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) and Alzheimer's disease. According to the information obtained, genes associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) are gene GABRR1 and ELMO1 that cause injury to glomerular. Replication of genes FRMD3, CARS and MYO16/IRS2 shown to have link with DN. The increase of gene THBS2, NGAL, PIP, TRAF6 polymorphism, ICAM-1 encoded for rs5498 polymorphism and C667T increase susceptibility towards DN in T2DM patient. Genes associated with cardiovascular diseases are Adiponectin gene (ACRP30) and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism gene with ξ2 allele. Haptoglobin (Hp) 1-1 genotype and Mitochondria Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) plays a role in cardiovascular events. As for genes related to diabetic neuropathy, Janus Kinase (JAK), mutation of SCN9A and TRPA1 gene and destruction of miRNA contribute to pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy among T2DM patients. Expression of cytokine IL-6, IL-10, miR-146a are found to cause diabetic neuropathy. Besides, A1a16Va1 gene polymorphism, an oxidative stress influence was found as one of the gene factors. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is believed to have association with Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1). Over-expression of gene ENPP1, IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokine, ARHGAP22's protein rs3844492 polymorphism and TLR4 heterozygous genotype are contributing to significant pathophysiological process causing DR, while research found increases level of UCP1 gene protects retina cells from oxidative stress. Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is manifested by slowing in reepithelialisation of keratinocyte, persistence wound inflammation and healing impairment. Reepithelialisation disturbance was caused by E2F3 gene, reduction of Tacl gene encoded substance P causing persistence inflammation while expression of MMp-9 polymorphism contributes to healing impairment. A decrease in HIF-1a gene expression leads to increased risk of pathogenesis, while downregulation of TLR2 increases severity of wound in DFU patients. SNPs alleles has been shown to have significant association between the genetic dispositions of T2DM and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The progression of AD can be due to the change in DNA methylation of CLOCK gene, followed with worsening of AD by APOE4 gene due to dyslipidaemia condition in T2DM patients. Insulin resistance is also a factor that contributes to pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee H Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shen H Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xiao T Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Qiao Yi Yap
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khar Y Yip
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liang Z Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat K Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia -
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Zhao Y, Wang M, Meng B, Gao Y, Xue Z, He M, Jiang Y, Dai X, Yan D, Fang X. Identification of Dysregulated Complement Activation Pathways Driven by N-Glycosylation Alterations in T2D Patients. Front Chem 2021; 9:677621. [PMID: 34178943 PMCID: PMC8226093 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.677621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has become a major public health concern worldwide, most of which are type 2 diabetes (T2D). The diagnosis of T2D is commonly based on plasma glucose levels, and there are no reliable clinical biomarkers available for early detection. Recent advances in proteome technologies offer new opportunity for the understanding of T2D; however, the underlying proteomic characteristics of T2D have not been thoroughly investigated yet. Here, using proteomic and glycoproteomic profiling, we provided a comprehensive landscape of molecular alterations in the fasting plasma of the 24 Chinese participants, including eight T2D patients, eight prediabetic (PDB) subjects, and eight healthy control (HC) individuals. Our analyses identified a diverse set of potential biomarkers that might enhance the efficiency and accuracy based on current existing biological indicators of (pre)diabetes. Through integrative omics analysis, we showed the capability of glycoproteomics as a complement to proteomics or metabolomics, to provide additional insights into the pathogenesis of (pre)diabetes. We have newly identified systemic site-specific N-glycosylation alterations underlying T2D patients in the complement activation pathways, including decreased levels of N-glycopeptides from C1s, MASP1, and CFP proteins, and increased levels of N-glycopeptides from C2, C4, C4BPA, C4BPB, and CFH. These alterations were not observed at proteomic levels, suggesting new opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Our results demonstrate a great potential role of glycoproteomics in understanding (pre)diabetes and present a new direction for diabetes research which deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Man Wang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Xue
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Minjun He
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - You Jiang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
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