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Baek DJ, Moon DH, Kwon SW, Kim H, Yoon SG, Chavan GT, Kwon JH, An J. Changes in oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals in non-digestive sucking habits due to the formation of complexes between digestive fluid components and metals/metalloids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115270. [PMID: 37523794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Humans, especially infants, are exposed to harmful substances through various means, including non-nutritive sucking behaviors. Here, we compared the "one-compartment model" and the "three-compartment model" within the "suck model" to assess the oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals in various products and evaluated whether these models can be employed to assess 12 heavy metals present in consumer products. Several certified reference materials, including plastic, paint, glass, and metals, were employed to ensure sample homogeneity. By comparing the two models, we validated that a considerable amount of complexes were formed between saliva components and the extracted heavy metals and that some of these complexes dissociated during reactions with the gastric/intestinal fluids. Furthermore, we observed that in the cases of Cu and Pb, additional complexes were formed as a result of reactions with gastric/intestinal fluids. We measured the total concentrations of the extracted heavy metals using artificial saliva through acid digestion and found that up to 99.7% of the heavy metals participated in the formation of complexes, depending on the characteristics of the sample (e.g., composition) and the target element. This result indicates that the current suck model may notably underestimate the oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals in products associated with sucking behaviors. Therefore, we propose a more conservative and simpler test method for assessing oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals that involves measuring the total concentrations of heavy metals extracted from consumer products using artificial saliva. By doing so, we can account for potential variations in the digestive milieu (e.g., due to ingested food) and the inconsistency in complex formation-dissociation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Baek
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Deok Hyun Moon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Seon-Woo Kwon
- Department of Environment Safety System Engineering, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, South Korea
| | - Haeun Kim
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Yoon
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Ganesh T Chavan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jinsung An
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea.
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2
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McAllister J, Wexelblatt S, Ward L. Controversies and Conundrums in Newborn Feeding. Clin Perinatol 2023; 50:729-742. [PMID: 37536775 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the biologic norm for newborn feeding, and exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is universally endorsed by leading global and national organizations. Despite these recommendations, many people do not meet their breastfeeding goals and controversies surrounding breastfeeding problems exist. Medical issues can present challenges for the clinician and parents to successfully meet desired feeding outcomes. There are studies evaluating these common controversies and medical conundrums, and clinicians should provide evidence-based recommendations when counseling families about newborn feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McAllister
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Perinatal Institute, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Scott Wexelblatt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Perinatal Institute, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Laura Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Perinatal Institute, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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3
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Maxwell C, Fleming V, Porcellato L. Why have a bottle when you can have draught? Exploring bottle refusal by breastfed babies. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2023; 19:e13481. [PMID: 36737247 PMCID: PMC10019064 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bottle refusal by breastfed babies is a scenario that has received surprisingly little attention in the literature, given the number of mothers who appear to be experiencing it globally and the subsequent negative impact it can have. In line with this, we undertook a study to explore mothers' views on why their breastfed baby refuses to bottle feed. A parallel, two-stage, exploratory qualitative design was employed using 30 semi-structured interviews and 597 online forum posts. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis, and a biopsychosocial model was applied resulting in four overarching themes being identified: 'Breastfeeding is the answer to everything….' 'Bottle feeding: an alien concept… 'Babies are individuals' and 'Find the right bottle and don't delay'. The psychological benefits of breastfeeding, not inherent in bottle feeding, appeared to underpin some mothers' views on their baby's refusal. Other mothers explained refusal as being down to a baby's biological expectation to be fed by the breast; therefore, bottle feeding was not a normal concept to them. A baby's individual personality and temperament were also suggested as contributing to the scenario and refusal was linked to babies disliking a certain brand of bottle and being introduced to it 'too late'. This study's findings point to a complex, multifactorial picture underpinning bottle refusal by breastfed babies, which transcends physical, psychological and biological concepts, and is influenced by socio-cultural norms surrounding infant feeding. Recognition of these contributing factors is needed to aid those supporting mothers experiencing the scenario and, importantly, to underpin mothers' decision-making around managing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Maxwell
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health, School of Public and Allied HealthLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Valerie Fleming
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health, School of Public and Allied HealthLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Lorna Porcellato
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health, School of Public and Allied HealthLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
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de Scudine KG, de Freitas CN, de Moraes KSGN, Prado DA, Silveira PP, Castelo PM. Evaluation of masticatory behavior and taste sensitivity after pacifier removal in preschool children: a 1-year follow-up. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4059-4070. [PMID: 35147790 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the influence of pacifier removal on the development of masticatory function and taste sensitivity in preschool children. METHODS Sixty children (mean age 48.2 months) were divided into two groups: pacifier group (n = 28) and a control group (n = 32), which were evaluated and followed up for a period of 12 months (at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year). Masticatory and swallowing functions were assessed using the Mastication Observation and Evaluation (MOE) protocol and Orofacial Myofunctional Rating (MBGR), respectively. Detection thresholds for sucrose and urea were measured by the staircase method. The two-way ANOVA mixed model was used for time*group interaction analysis. RESULTS MOE scores improved significantly over time in both groups, although a significant difference between groups persisted after 1 year. On the other hand, swallowing scores were significantly different at baseline, but within 1 year, the scores were no longer different between groups. Chewing time and the number of cycles were not different between groups and both decreased after 1 year. Sucrose sensitivity was significantly greater in the control group at baseline and changed over time (p < 0.05), being no longer different between groups after 6 months. Bitter sensitivity did not differ over time nor between groups. CONCLUSIONS Detection threshold for sucrose differed significantly between children with and without pacifier habit at a mean age of 42 months. Total masticatory function did not self-correct after sucking habit removal within a 1-year period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Children with pacifier habit showed important changes in masticatory function that did not self-correct 1 year after cessation of the habit, highlighting the need for prevention and habit interruption as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Guedes de Scudine
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Camila Nobre de Freitas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Almeida Prado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, R. São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil.
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Balcı Yangın H, Akpınar A, Çakmak H, Çalışkan Özdöl F, Akçakuş M. Exclusive Breastfeeding for 6 Months Postpartum and Factors Associated With Success in a Tertiary Care Baby-Friendly Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2021; 35:266-274. [PMID: 34330139 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is very important that infants are exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life and then that breastfeeding is continued until 2 years of age. In this study, we aimed to determine the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life following birth and the factors associated with continuation of exclusive breastfeeding. The study was a retrospective cohort study. The study population consists of infants born in Akdeniz University Hospital. Infants born between June 1, 2016, and June 1, 2017 (n = 1402) were included in the sample. For analysis of data, descriptive statistics, χ2 test, t test, and logistic regression test were employed. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months was 29.8%. Further analysis revealed that chances of breastfeeding exclusivity for the first 6 months were increased by 1.6-fold if the father had higher education, by 1.4-fold if the infant was not given formula in the hospital, by approximately 4-fold if feeding bottle was not used, and by 1.7-fold in the absence of problems related to breastfeeding. The study results showed that success in exclusive breastfeeding was influenced by several factors. We recommended that modifiable factors associated with the success of exclusive breastfeeding be well managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Balcı Yangın
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing, Akdeniz University Faculty of Nursing, Antalya, Turkey (Dr Yangın and Ms Akpınar); Baby-Friendly Hospital Program Coordination Unit, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey (Mss Çakmak and Çalışkan Özdöl); and Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care, Lara Anatolia Hospital, Antalya, Turkey (Dr Akçakuş)
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Moraes BA, Strada JKR, Gasparin VA, Espirito-Santo LCD, Gouveia HG, Gonçalves ADC. Breastfeeding in the first six months of life for babies seen by Lactation Consulting. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2021; 29:e3412. [PMID: 33852684 PMCID: PMC8040780 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3538.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to identify breastfeeding patterns, survival of exclusive breastfeeding and factors associated with its interruption, in the first six months of life of babies seen by Lactation Consulting. METHOD a prospective cohort, with 231 mother-babies in a Baby-Friendly Hospital. An initial questionnaire was applied after 24 hours of birth, after consulting, as well as a follow-up questionnaire, applied by telephone at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days, with sociodemographic and obstetric variables, maternal habits, father's schooling, birth data and baby feeding. Survival Analysis was carried out. RESULTS at 180 days of age, exclusive breastfeeding was 12.7% and the probability was 19.6% in the analysis of the survival curve. The factors associated with its interruption were smoking during pregnancy (HR 1.66; CI 1.05 - 2.61), age ≥ 35 years old (HR 1.73; CI 1.03 - 2.90), difficulty in breastfeeding after hospital discharge (HR 2.09; CI 1.29 - 3.41), search for professional assistance (HR 2.45; CI 1.69 - 3.54) and use of a pacifier (HR 1.76; IC 1.21 - 2.58). CONCLUSION lactation consultancy contributed to the improvement of the exclusive breastfeeding rates, although there are opportunities for advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Alibio Moraes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Scholarship holder at the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Aparecida Gasparin
- Scholarship holder at the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Enfermagem, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Helga Geremias Gouveia
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Kerstis B, Richardsson A, Stenström A, Widarsson M. An Overview of Guidelines for Supplemental Feeding of Infants in Swedish Maternity Clinics. NURSING REPORTS 2021; 11:95-104. [PMID: 34968316 PMCID: PMC8608126 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to describe the local guidelines for the supplemental feeding of infants of Swedish women's clinics with maternity wards. Purposeful sampling was used during a four-week data collection time in 2019. Guidelines from 41 of the 43 Swedish women's clinics with maternity wards were analysed using qualitative and quantitative content analysis. The information provided, and length of the guidelines varied widely in 38 guidelines. Feeding methods were included in 28 guidelines, but 10 provided no information about feeding methods. The most common feeding methods were cup feeding and feeding probes. Suggestions for supplemental feeding included infant formula (32), breast milk (27) and no suggestions (6). The methods to support breastfeeding were skin-to-skin contact (25), breastfeeding freely (22), a caring plan (18), extra supervision (3), optimising the caring environment (2), supplying a breast pump (1) and breastfeeding observation (1). Twenty-two guidelines included information about how long formula should be given and that the feeding should be phased out gradually. We conclude that a national guideline for the supplemental feeding of infants is needed to ensure equal best practice care for infant safety and the support of parents to increase the breastfeeding rate. More national guidelines are needed in general because it is easier to update only one set of guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Kerstis
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare Mälardalen University, S-722 18 Västerås, Sweden;
| | - Anna Richardsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Örebro University Hospital, S-701 85 Örebro, Sweden; (A.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexandra Stenström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Örebro University Hospital, S-701 85 Örebro, Sweden; (A.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Margareta Widarsson
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare Mälardalen University, S-722 18 Västerås, Sweden;
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Genna CW, Saperstein Y, Siegel SA, Laine AF, Elad D. Quantitative imaging of tongue kinematics during infant feeding and adult swallowing reveals highly conserved patterns. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14685. [PMID: 33547883 PMCID: PMC7866619 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongue motility is an essential physiological component of human feeding from infancy through adulthood. At present, it is a challenge to distinguish among the many pathologies of swallowing due to the absence of quantitative tools. We objectively quantified tongue kinematics from ultrasound imaging during infant and adult feeding. The functional advantage of this method is presented in several subjects with swallowing difficulties. We demonstrated for the first time the differences in tongue kinematics during breast- and bottle-feeding, showing the arrhythmic sucking pattern during bottle-feeding as compared with breastfeeding in the same infant with torticollis. The method clearly displayed the improvement of tongue motility after frenotomy in infants with either tongue-tie or restrictive labial frenulum. The analysis also revealed the absence of posterior tongue peristalsis required for safe swallowing in an infant with dysphagia. We also analyzed for the first time the tongue kinematics in an adult during water bolus swallowing demonstrating tongue peristaltic-like movements in both anterior and posterior segments. First, the anterior segment undulates to close off the oral cavity and the posterior segment held the bolus, and then, the posterior tongue propelled the bolus to the pharynx. The present methodology of quantitative imaging revealed highly conserved patterns of tongue kinematics that can differentiate between swallowing pathologies and evaluate treatment interventions. The method is novel and objective and has the potential to advance knowledge about the normal swallowing and management of feeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiela Saperstein
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Scott A. Siegel
- School of Medicine/School of Dental MedicineStony Brook UniversitySuffolk CountyNYUSA
| | - Andrew F. Laine
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - David Elad
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
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Miranda C, de Sousa TM, do Carmo AS, Pereira SCL, Notaro KAM, Dos Santos LC. Use of Artificial Nipples Among Brazilian Infants and Associated Factors. J Trop Pediatr 2020; 66:511-516. [PMID: 32049350 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Transversal study conducted in a Human Milk Bank to evaluate the factors associated with the use of artificial nipples (pacifier and/or nursing bottle) among Brazilian infants. Analyses were performed using the χ2 test and logistic regression analysis. A total of 6017 nursing mothers were evaluated and the use of artificial nipples was reported by 31.3%. The chance of using artificial nipples was higher among infants whose mothers attended antenatal care in private hospitals [odds ratio (OR): 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-2.14], born in maternities without the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) (OR: 18.38, 95% CI 13.50-25.04) and those with adequate birth weight (OR: 2.83, 95% CI 1.99-4.03). A lower chance of using artificial nipples was observed among infants whose mothers had previous breastfeeding experience (OR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.95), received guidance on breastfeeding during antenatal care (OR: 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.98), practiced exclusive breastfeeding (OR: 0.36, 95% CI 0.28-0.45), breastfeeding on demand (OR: 0.66, 95% CI 0.52-0.85) and residents of inland cities/towns (OR: 0.38, 95% CI 0.20-0.72). The findings highlight the importance of breastfeeding guidance during antenatal care and the role of BFHI in clarifying risks associated with artificial nipple use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristianny Miranda
- Nutrition Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130100, Brazil
| | - Taciana Maia de Sousa
- Nutrition Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130100, Brazil
| | - Ariene Silva do Carmo
- Nutrition Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130100, Brazil
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10
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Pedroso J, Buccini G, Venancio SI, Pérez‐Escamilla R, Gubert MB. Maternal mental health modifies the association of food insecurity and early child development. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2020; 16:e12997. [PMID: 32351004 PMCID: PMC7507582 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association between household food insecurity and early child development and whether or not maternal depression and anxiety modifies this association. The cross-sectional study included 468 mother-infant pairs recruited at primary health centers of the Federal District, Brazil. Mothers answered a questionnaire that evaluated early child development (outcome), household food insecurity (independent variable), maternal depression and trait anxiety (effect modifiers). Variables were collected with validated questionnaires for the Brazilian population. Pearson's χ2 test and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Infants who lived in a moderate or severe food insecure household had 2.52 times (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.13, 5.65]) the odds of having early child development delays compared with infants in secure households. Maternal depression and anxiety modified the strength of association between household food insecurity and early child development, which is an innovative finding. Among infants with depressed mothers, those experiencing mild (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.33, 95% CI [1.17, 9.46]) and moderate/severe household food insecurity (aOR 10.13, 95% CI [2.18, 47.10]) had higher odds of having early child development delays, compared with infants in food secure households. Among infants with both anxious and depressed mothers, these associations were even stronger for mild (aOR 4.69, 95% CI [1.41, 15.59]) and moderate/severe household food insecurity (aOR 16.07, 95% CI [2.70, 95.66]). In conclusion, household food insecurity is a risk factor for early child development delays, and this association is modified by maternal depression and anxiety. Future studies should evaluate the impact of intervention packages that address maternal depression and anxiety and household food insecurity on preventing early child development delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Pedroso
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition ‐ NESNUTUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Gabriela Buccini
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public HealthYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition ‐ NESNUTUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaFederal DistrictBrazil
| | | | - Rafael Pérez‐Escamilla
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public HealthYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Muriel Bauermann Gubert
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition ‐ NESNUTUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaBrazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition ‐ NESNUTUniversity of BrasiliaBrasiliaBrazil
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11
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Braga VS, Vítolo MR, Kramer PF, Feldens EG, Feldens CA. Breastfeeding in the First Hours of Life Protects Against Pacifier Use: A Birth Cohort Study. Breastfeed Med 2020; 15:516-521. [PMID: 32589452 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2020.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate risk factors for pacifier use in the first year of life. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with children enrolled at birth in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, whose mothers underwent prenatal care at primary care units. Soon after the birth of the children, data were collected on anthropometrics, type of childbirth, and time until breastfeeding on the first day of life. At 6 and 12 months of age, data were collected on breastfeeding practices and whether the child had used a pacifier in the previous 6 months. Statistical analysis involved the use of Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The incidence of pacifier use in the first year of life was 60% (317/532). The multivariable analysis showed that pacifier use in the first year of life was 33% higher when the mother was younger than 18 years of age (relative risk [RR] = 1.33; confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.01-1.76). Infants who breastfed in the first 30 minutes after birth had a 25% lower risk of pacifier use in the first year of life (RR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60-0.94), and those who breastfed between 30 minutes and 6 hours after birth had an 18% lower risk (RR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69-0.97) compared to those who took longer to begin breastfeeding or did not breastfeed. Conclusions for Practice: Breastfeeding soon after being born protected against pacifier use in the first year of life. This finding suggests pathways to improve child health, especially in the prenatal period and with an emphasis on pregnant adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Simas Braga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Vítolo
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Zhou Q, Chen H, Younger KM, Cassidy TM, Kearney JM. "I was determined to breastfeed, and I always found a solution": successful experiences of exclusive breastfeeding among Chinese mothers in Ireland. Int Breastfeed J 2020; 15:47. [PMID: 32434576 PMCID: PMC7240908 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-020-00292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months was previously found to be very low among Chinese immigrants in Ireland, at 5.8% (Zhou et al., Front Public Health 6:351, 2018). This study investigates the successful experiences of Chinese mothers living in Ireland who exclusively breastfeed for between four and 6 months. METHODS Participants were recruited from the sample of the Ireland Chinese Mother Survey. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with fourteen participants in their homes or public places. RESULTS A content analysis revealed that various factors contributed to a successful experience of exclusive breastfeeding among the group of Chinese immigrant mothers, including strong self-determination; appropriate physical conditions; awareness of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding; a lack of time constraints; and family, professional and policy support. The barriers that the mothers faced included the difficulty of balancing breastfeeding and employment, infant health issues, language barriers, an inability to consume the traditional Chinese postpartum diet and a lack of public breastfeeding facilities. Measures taken to overcome these barriers included seeking family support, resting during the lactation period, and pumping breast milk to feed from a bottle when outside the home. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights unique factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding among Chinese mothers in Ireland, which may be useful to health care professionals working with Chinese immigrant women internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Haoyue Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Katherine M Younger
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Tanya M Cassidy
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - John M Kearney
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
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