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Hartmann R, Nieberle F, Palm C, Brébant V, Prantl L, Kuehle R, Reichert TE, Taxis J, Ettl T. "Utility of Smartphone-based Three-dimensional Surface Imaging for Digital Facial Anthropometry". JPRAS Open 2024; 39:330-343. [PMID: 38390355 PMCID: PMC10882018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The utilization of three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging for facial anthropometry is a significant asset for patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery. Notably, there have been recent advancements in smartphone technology that enable 3D surface imaging.In this study, anthropometric assessments of the face were performed using a smartphone and a sophisticated 3D surface imaging system. Methods 30 healthy volunteers (15 females and 15 males) were included in the study. An iPhone 14 Pro (Apple Inc., USA) using the application 3D Scanner App (Laan Consulting Corp., USA) and the Vectra M5 (Canfield Scientific, USA) were employed to create 3D surface models. For each participant, 19 anthropometric measurements were conducted on the 3D surface models. Subsequently, the anthropometric measurements generated by the two approaches were compared. The statistical techniques employed included the paired t-test, paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Bland-Altman analysis, and calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results All measurements showed excellent agreement between smartphone-based and Vectra M5-based measurements (ICC between 0.85 and 0.97). Statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the central tendencies for 17 of the 19 linear measurements. Despite the excellent agreement found, Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the 95% limits of agreement between the two methods exceeded ±3 mm for the majority of measurements. Conclusion Digital facial anthropometry using smartphones can serve as a valuable supplementary tool for surgeons, enhancing their communication with patients. However, the proposed data suggest that digital facial anthropometry using smartphones may not yet be suitable for certain diagnostic purposes that require high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Hartmann
- University Hospital Regensburg Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Nieberle
- University Hospital Regensburg Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Palm
- Regensburg Medical Image Computing (ReMIC), Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (OTH Regensburg), Galgenbergstr. 32, 93053, Regensburg
- Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), OTH Regensburg and Regensburg University, Galgenbergstr. 32, 93053, Regensburg
| | - Vanessa Brébant
- University Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- University Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reinald Kuehle
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- University Hospital Regensburg Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Taxis
- University Hospital Regensburg Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- University Hospital Regensburg Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Miyabayashi H, Nagano N, Kato R, Hashimoto S, Saito K, Noto T, Ohashi S, Masunaga K, Morioka I. Cranial shapes of Japanese preterm infants at one month of age using a three-dimensional scanner. Brain Dev 2022; 44:690-698. [PMID: 35906116 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, cranial shape measurements of preterm infants have been performed using handheld three-dimensional (3D) scanners and can now be objectively quantified. AIMS To measure the cranial shapes of Japanese preterm infants at one month of age using a 3D scanner, compare these values with those of healthy term infants, and examine the risk factors for dolichocephaly. STUDY DESIGN A multicenter, retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS Preterm infants born at <37 weeks of gestation and staying in the neonatal intensive care unit or visiting an outpatient clinic for a one-month checkup between April 2020 and March 2022. OUTCOME MEASURES A 3D scanner was used to quantify cranial shape. Comparison was made with full-term, one-month-old infants. RESULTS Ninety-four preterm infants (42 boys) and 165 full-term infants were enrolled. Preterm infants had a significantly lower cephalic index (77.9% and 85.0%, p < 0.01) and a higher incidence of dolichocephaly (54.3% and 13.3%, p < 0.01) compared to term infants. No significant difference in incidence of deformational plagiocephaly was found between the groups (41.5% vs. 47.3%, p = 0.44). The risk of dolichocephaly was significantly higher for female sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-8.50), cesarean section (OR, 4.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-13.5), and use of mechanical ventilation (OR, 4.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-20.0). CONCLUSIONS Japanese preterm infants at the first month of life had longer heads than full-term infants; the risk factors identified were female sex, cesarean section, and use of mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyabayashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nagano
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Risa Kato
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuya Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasukabe Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takanori Noto
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Noto Children's Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Ohashi
- Department of Neonatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Masunaga
- Department of Neonatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Dieks JK, Jünemann L, Hensel KO, Bergmann C, Schmidt S, Quast A, Horn S, Sigler M, Meyer-Marcotty P, Santander P. Stereophotogrammetry can feasibly assess 'physiological' longitudinal three-dimensional head development of very preterm infants from birth to term. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8940. [PMID: 35624305 PMCID: PMC9136805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Head development is a surrogate for brain development in infants and is related to neurocognitive outcome. There is only limited knowledge on early extra-uterine head shape and size assessment in very preterm infants. Here, 26 very preterm infants with a mean gestational age of 29.1 ± 2.2 weeks and a mean birth weight of 1273.8 ± 427.7 g underwent serial stereophotogrammetric 3D head imaging in weekly intervals from birth to term-equivalent age. The main outcome was the longitudinal assessment of the 'physiological' preterm head development with cephalometric size (head circumference, cranial volume) and shape parameters (cranial index, cranial vault asymmetry index) according to chronological and postmenstrual age (PMA). Potential clinical risk factors for the development of an abnormal low cranial index (dolichocephaly) were analysed. In serial measurements of 26 infants, the estimated head volume (95% confidence interval) increased from 244 (226-263) cm3 at 28 weeks PMA to 705 (688-721) cm3 at 40 weeks PMA. Moderate or severe dolichocephaly occurred in 21/26 infants (80.8%). Cranial index decreased over time (72.4%; 70.7-74 95% confidence interval). Brachycephaly and plagiocephaly were uncommon. No risk factors for severe dolichocephaly were identified. Our study shows that early detection of head shape and size anomalies utilizing 3D stereophotogrammetry is feasible and safe even in very preterm infants < 1500 g and/or < 32 weeks. 3D stereophotogrammetry could be used for timely identification of infants at risk for head shape anomalies. No specific risk factors for head shape anomalies were identified, especially not mode and duration of respiratory support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana-K Dieks
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Neonatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Laura Jünemann
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai O Hensel
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Neonatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health, Helios University Medical Center Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Charlotte Bergmann
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Neonatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Quast
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Horn
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Neonatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Paediatrics, SRH Central Hospital Suhl, Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 2, 98527, Suhl, Germany
| | - Matthias Sigler
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Neonatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Meyer-Marcotty
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petra Santander
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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van Gils RHJ, Wauben LSGL, Helder OK. Body size measuring techniques enabling stress-free growth monitoring of extreme preterm infants inside incubators: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267285. [PMID: 35452486 PMCID: PMC9033282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growth monitoring of preterm infants is essential for assessing the nutritional effects on their growth. The current growth monitoring techniques are too stressful, however, for the smallest preterm infants. We performed a systematic review to summarize studies on stress-free techniques for measuring the body size of preterm infants inside incubators other than the traditional calliper and tape measure-based instruments. Methods We searched four online literature databases: Embase, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane, using search terms related to patients (neonates, infants, children) and body size measuring techniques. By means of expert judgement we assessed the techniques’ suitability for stress-free body size measurement of an infant lying in an incubator. As a criterion for suitability, we used an imaginary ideal technique. Results Twenty-six studies were included in this review. In 24 studies, the technique for body size measurement was related to 3D technology, and the majority of these studies acknowledged clinical superiority of 3D over 2D data. Two 3D techniques were assessed as suitable for stress-free measurement of preterm infants inside incubators. The first technique used a commercially available 3D handheld scanner which needed 3D postprocessing to derive measurement data. The second technique used a self-developed stereoscopic vision system. Conclusions 3D volumetric parameters have higher clinical value for growth monitoring than 2D. In addition, contactless 3D measurements enable stress-free growth monitoring of even the smallest preterm infants. However, the time-consuming 3D postprocessing challenges the usability of 3D techniques. Regrettably, none of the identified suitable 3D techniques met all our requirements of an ideal all-in-one body size measuring technique for extreme preterm infants. Handheld 3D scanning might have the best properties for developing this ideal technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald H. J. van Gils
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Create4Care, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Engineering & Applied Science, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Linda S. G. L. Wauben
- Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Onno K. Helder
- Department of Create4Care, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Santander P, Quast A, Hubbert J, Juenemann L, Horn S, Hensel KO, Meyer-Marcotty P, Dieks JK. Stereophotogrammetric head shape assessment in neonates is feasible and can identify distinct differences between term-born and very preterm infants at term equivalent age. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21155. [PMID: 34707196 PMCID: PMC8551176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of head shape and volume may reflect neurodevelopmental outcome and therefore is of paramount importance in neonatal care. Here, we compare head morphology in 25 very preterm infants with a birth weight of below 1500 g and / or a gestational age (GA) before 32 completed weeks to 25 term infants with a GA of 37–42 weeks at term equivalent age (TEA) and identify possible risk factors for non-synostotic head shape deformities. For three-dimensional head assessments, a portable stereophotogrammetric device was used. The most common and distinct head shape deformity in preterm infants was dolichocephaly. Severity of dolichocephaly correlated with GA and body weight at TEA but not with other factors such as neonatal morbidity, sex or total duration of respiratory support. Head circumference (HC) and cranial volume (CV) were not significantly different between the preterm and term infant group. Digitally measured HC and the CV significantly correlated even in infants with head shape deformities. Our study shows that stereophotogrammetric head assessment is feasible in all preterm and term infants and provides valuable information on volumetry and comprehensive head shape characteristics. In a small sample of preterm infants, body weight at TEA was identified as a specific risk factor for the development of dolichocephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Santander
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Quast
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Hubbert
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Juenemann
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Horn
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Neonatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai O Hensel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Neonatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Meyer-Marcotty
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jana-Katharina Dieks
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Neonatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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