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Ji S, Ma D, Pan L, Wang W, Peng X, Amos JT, Ingabire HN, Li M, Wang Y, Yao D, Ren P. Automated Prediction of Infant Cognitive Development Risk by Video: A Pilot Study. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2024; 28:690-701. [PMID: 37053059 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3266350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognition is an essential human function, and its development in infancy is crucial. Traditionally, pediatricians used clinical observation or medical imaging to assess infants' current cognitive development (CD) status. The object of pediatricians' greater concern is however their future outcomes, because high-risk infants can be identified early in life for intervention. However, this opportunity has not yet been realized. Fortunately, some recent studies have shown that the general movement (GM) performance of infants around 3-4 months after birth might reflect their future CD status, which gives us an opportunity to achieve this goal by cameras and artificial intelligence. METHODS First, infants' GM videos were recorded by cameras, from which a series of features reflecting their bilateral movement symmetry (BMS) were extracted. Then, after at least eight months of natural growth, the infants' CD status was evaluated by the Bayley Infant Development Scale, and they were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. Finally, the BMS features extracted from the early recorded GM videos were fed into the classifiers, using late infant CD risk assessment as the prediction target. RESULTS The area under the curve, recall and precision values reached 0.830, 0.832, and 0.823 for two-group classification, respectively. CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates that it is possible to automatically predict the CD of infants around the age of one year based on their GMs recorded early in life. SIGNIFICANCE This study not only helps clinicians better understand infant CD mechanisms, but also provides an economical, portable and non-invasive way to screen infants at high-risk early to facilitate their recovery.
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Celik HI, Yildiz A, Yildiz R, Mutlu A, Soylu R, Gucuyener K, Duyan-Camurdan A, Koc E, Onal EE, Elbasan B. Using the center of pressure movement analysis in evaluating spontaneous movements in infants: a comparative study with general movements assessment. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:165. [PMID: 38124131 PMCID: PMC10731817 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have attempted to automate the spontaneous movement assessment and have sought quantitative and objective methods over the past decade. The purpose of the study was to present a quantitative assessment method of spontaneous movement using center-of-pressure (COP) movement analysis. METHODS A total of 101 infants were included in the study. The infants were placed in the supine position on the force plate with the cranial-caudal orientation. In this position, the recording of video and COP movement data were made simultaneously for 3 min. Video recordings were used to observe global and detailed general movement assessment (GMA), and COP time series data were used to obtain quantitative movement parameters. RESULTS According to the global GMA, 13 infants displayed absent fidgety movements (FMs) and 88 infants displayed normal FMs. The binary logistic regression model indicated significant association between global GMA and COP movement parameters (chi-square = 20.817, p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of this model were 85% (95% CI: 55-98), 83% (95% CI: 73-90), and 83% (95% CI: 74-90), respectively. The multiple linear regression model showed a significant association between detailed GMA (motor optimality score-revised/MOS-R) and COP movement parameters (F = 10.349, p < 0.001). The MOS-R total score was predicted with a standard error of approximately 1.8 points (6%). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the possible avenues for using COP movement analysis to objectively detect the absent FMs and MOS-R total score in clinical settings. Although the method presented in this study requires further validation, it may complement observational GMA and be clinically useful for infant screening purposes, particularly in clinical settings where access to expertise in observational GMA is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Ibrahim Celik
- Bilge Çocuk Special Education and Rehabilitation Center, Beysukent, Çankaya, s06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Yildiz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Yildiz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Akmer Mutlu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Developmental and Early Physiotherapy Unit, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ruhi Soylu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kivilcim Gucuyener
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysu Duyan-Camurdan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Social Pediatrics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esin Koc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eray Esra Onal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Elbasan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Shin HI, Park MW, Lee WH. Spontaneous movements as prognostic tool of neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants: a narrative review. Clin Exp Pediatr 2023; 66:458-464. [PMID: 37202346 PMCID: PMC10626027 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An estimated 15 million infants are born prematurely each year. Although the survival rate of preterm infants has increased with advances in perinatal and neonatal care, many still experience various complications. Since improving the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm births is a crucial topic, accurate evaluations should be performed to detect infants at high risk of cerebral palsy. General movements are spontaneous movements involving the whole body as the expression of neural activity and can be an excellent biomarker of neural dysfunction caused by brain impairment in preterm infants. The predictive value of general movements with respect to cerebral palsy increases with continuous observation. Automated approaches to examining general movements based on machine learning can help overcome the limited utilization of assessment tools owing to their qualitative or semiquantitative nature and high dependence on assessor skills and experience. This review covers each of these topics by summarizing normal and abnormal general movements as well as recent advances in automatic approaches based on infantile spontaneous movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Iee Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Woo Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Hyung Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abbasi H, Mollet SR, Williams SA, Lim L, Battin MR, Besier TF, McMorland AJC. Deep-Learning Markerless Tracking of Infant General Movements using Standard Video Recordings. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083202 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring spontaneous General Movements (GM) of infants 6-20 weeks post-term age is a reliable tool to assess the quality of neurodevelopment in early infancy. Abnormal or absent GMs are reliable prognostic indicators of whether an infant is at risk of developing neurological impairments and disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP). Therapeutic interventions are most effective at improving neuromuscular outcomes if administered in early infancy. Current clinical protocols require trained assessors to rate videos of infant movements, a time-intensive task. This work proposes a simple, inexpensive, and broadly applicable markerless pose-estimation approach for automatic infant movement tracking using conventional video recordings from handheld devices (e.g., tablets and mobile phones). We leverage the enhanced capabilities of deep-learning technology in image processing to identify 12 anatomical locations (3 per limb) in each video frame, tracking a baby's natural movement throughout the recordings. We validate the capability of resnet152 and a mobile-net-v2-1 to identify body-parts in unseen frames from a full-term male infant, using a novel automatic unsupervised approach that fuses likelihood outputs of a Kalman filter and the deep-nets. Both deep-net models were found to perform very well in the identification of anatomical locations in the unseen data with high average Percentage of Correct Keypoints (aPCK) performances of >99.65% across all locations.Clinical relevance-Results of this research confirm the feasibility of a low-cost and publicly accessible technology to automatically track infants' GMs and diagnose those at higher risk of developing neurological conditions early, when clinical interventions are most effective.
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Ruiz-Zafra A, Precioso D, Salvador B, Lubian-Lopez SP, Jimenez J, Benavente-Fernandez I, Pigueiras J, Gomez-Ullate D, Gontard LC. NeoCam: An Edge-Cloud Platform for Non-Invasive Real-Time Monitoring in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2023; 27:2614-2624. [PMID: 37819832 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3240245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work we introduce NeoCam, an open source hardware-software platform for video-based monitoring of preterms infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). NeoCam includes an edge computing device that performs video acquisition and processing in real-time. Compared to other proposed solutions, it has the advantage of handling data more efficiently by performing most of the processing on the device, including proper anonymisation for better compliance with privacy regulations. In addition, it allows to perform various video analysis tasks of clinical interest in parallel at speeds of between 20 and 30 frames-per-second. We introduce algorithms to measure without contact the breathing rate, motor activity, body pose and emotional status of the infants. For breathing rate, our system shows good agreement with existing methods provided there is sufficient light and proper imaging conditions. Models for motor activity and stress detection are new to the best of our knowledge. NeoCam has been tested on preterms in the NICU of the University Hospital Puerta del Mar (Cádiz, Spain), and we report the lessons learned from this trial.
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Marschik PB, Kwong AKL, Silva N, Olsen JE, Schulte-Rüther M, Bölte S, Örtqvist M, Eeles A, Poustka L, Einspieler C, Nielsen-Saines K, Zhang D, Spittle AJ. Mobile Solutions for Clinical Surveillance and Evaluation in Infancy-General Movement Apps. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3576. [PMID: 37240681 PMCID: PMC10218843 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Prechtl General Movements Assessment (GMA) has become a clinician and researcher toolbox for evaluating neurodevelopment in early infancy. Given that it involves the observation of infant movements from video recordings, utilising smartphone applications to obtain these recordings seems like the natural progression for the field. In this review, we look back on the development of apps for acquiring general movement videos, describe the application and research studies of available apps, and discuss future directions of mobile solutions and their usability in research and clinical practice. We emphasise the importance of understanding the background that has led to these developments while introducing new technologies, including the barriers and facilitators along the pathway. The GMApp and Baby Moves apps were the first ones developed to increase accessibility of the GMA, with two further apps, NeuroMotion and InMotion, designed since. The Baby Moves app has been applied most frequently. For the mobile future of GMA, we advocate collaboration to boost the field's progression and to reduce research waste. We propose future collaborative solutions, including standardisation of cross-site data collection, adaptation to local context and privacy laws, employment of user feedback, and sustainable IT structures enabling continuous software updating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Marschik
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Leibniz Science, Campus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (P.B.M.)
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
- iDN, Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Amanda K. L. Kwong
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nelson Silva
- iDN, Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Joy E. Olsen
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Martin Schulte-Rüther
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Leibniz Science, Campus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (P.B.M.)
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, 11861 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Örtqvist
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
- Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abbey Eeles
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Luise Poustka
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Leibniz Science, Campus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (P.B.M.)
| | - Christa Einspieler
- iDN, Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dajie Zhang
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Leibniz Science, Campus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (P.B.M.)
- iDN, Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alicia J. Spittle
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Lam WWT, Tang YM, Fong KNK. A systematic review of the applications of markerless motion capture (MMC) technology for clinical measurement in rehabilitation. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:57. [PMID: 37131238 PMCID: PMC10155325 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Markerless motion capture (MMC) technology has been developed to avoid the need for body marker placement during motion tracking and analysis of human movement. Although researchers have long proposed the use of MMC technology in clinical measurement-identification and measurement of movement kinematics in a clinical population, its actual application is still in its preliminary stages. The benefits of MMC technology are also inconclusive with regard to its use in assessing patients' conditions. In this review we put a minor focus on the method's engineering components and sought primarily to determine the current application of MMC as a clinical measurement tool in rehabilitation. METHODS A systematic computerized literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and IEEE. The search keywords used in each database were "Markerless Motion Capture OR Motion Capture OR Motion Capture Technology OR Markerless Motion Capture Technology OR Computer Vision OR Video-based OR Pose Estimation AND Assessment OR Clinical Assessment OR Clinical Measurement OR Assess." Only peer-reviewed articles that applied MMC technology for clinical measurement were included. The last search took place on March 6, 2023. Details regarding the application of MMC technology for different types of patients and body parts, as well as the assessment results, were summarized. RESULTS A total of 65 studies were included. The MMC systems used for measurement were most frequently used to identify symptoms or to detect differences in movement patterns between disease populations and their healthy counterparts. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who demonstrated obvious and well-defined physical signs were the largest patient group to which MMC assessment had been applied. Microsoft Kinect was the most frequently used MMC system, although there was a recent trend of motion analysis using video captured with a smartphone camera. CONCLUSIONS This review explored the current uses of MMC technology for clinical measurement. MMC technology has the potential to be used as an assessment tool as well as to assist in the detection and identification of symptoms, which might further contribute to the use of an artificial intelligence method for early screening for diseases. Further studies are warranted to develop and integrate MMC system in a platform that can be user-friendly and accurately analyzed by clinicians to extend the use of MMC technology in the disease populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W T Lam
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuk Ming Tang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth N K Fong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Marschik PB, Kulvicius T, Flügge S, Widmann C, Nielsen-Saines K, Schulte-Rüther M, Hüning B, Bölte S, Poustka L, Sigafoos J, Wörgötter F, Einspieler C, Zhang D. Open video data sharing in developmental science and clinical practice. iScience 2023; 26:106348. [PMID: 36994082 PMCID: PMC10040728 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In behavioral research and clinical practice video data has rarely been shared or pooled across sites due to ethical concerns of confidentiality, although the need of shared large-scaled datasets remains increasing. This demand is even more imperative when data-heavy computer-based approaches are involved. To share data while abiding by privacy protection rules, a critical question arises whether efforts at data de-identification reduce data utility? We addressed this question by showcasing an established and video-based diagnostic tool for detecting neurological deficits. We demonstrated for the first time that, for analyzing infant neuromotor functions, pseudonymization by face-blurring video recordings is a viable approach. The redaction did not affect classification accuracy for either human assessors or artificial intelligence methods, suggesting an adequate and easy-to-apply solution for sharing behavioral video data. Our work shall encourage more innovative solutions to share and merge stand-alone video datasets into large data pools to advance science and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Marschik
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
- iDN – interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tomas Kulvicius
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Computational Neuroscience, Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Flügge
- Department for Computational Neuroscience, Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudius Widmann
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Martin Schulte-Rüther
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Hüning
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, 11861 Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, 6102 Perth, WA
| | - Luise Poustka
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeff Sigafoos
- School of Education, Victoria University of Wellington, 6012 Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Florentin Wörgötter
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Computational Neuroscience, Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christa Einspieler
- iDN – interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dajie Zhang
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- iDN – interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Automated Movement Analysis to Predict Cerebral Palsy in Very Preterm Infants: An Ambispective Cohort Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9060843. [PMID: 35740780 PMCID: PMC9222200 DOI: 10.3390/children9060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The General Movements Assessment requires extensive training. As an alternative, a novel automated movement analysis was developed and validated in preterm infants. Infants < 31 weeks’ gestational age or birthweight ≤ 1500 g evaluated at 3−5 months using the general movements assessment were included in this ambispective cohort study. The C-statistic, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for a predictive model. A total of 252 participants were included. The median gestational age and birthweight were 274/7 weeks (range 256/7−292/7 weeks) and 960 g (range 769−1215 g), respectively. There were 29 cases of cerebral palsy (11.5%) at 18−24 months, the majority of which (n = 22) were from the retrospective cohort. Mean velocity in the vertical direction, median, standard deviation, and minimum quantity of motion constituted the multivariable model used to predict cerebral palsy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were 55%, 80%, 26%, and 93%, respectively. C-statistic indicated good fit (C = 0.74). A cluster of four variables describing quantity of motion and variability of motion was able to predict cerebral palsy with high specificity and negative predictive value. This technology may be useful for screening purposes in very preterm infants; although, the technology likely requires further validation in preterm and high-risk term populations.
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Scott B, Seyres M, Philp F, Chadwick EK, Blana D. Healthcare applications of single camera markerless motion capture: a scoping review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13517. [PMID: 35642200 PMCID: PMC9148557 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single camera markerless motion capture has the potential to facilitate at home movement assessment due to the ease of setup, portability, and affordable cost of the technology. However, it is not clear what the current healthcare applications of single camera markerless motion capture are and what information is being collected that may be used to inform clinical decision making. This review aims to map the available literature to highlight potential use cases and identify the limitations of the technology for clinicians and researchers interested in the collection of movement data. Survey Methodology Studies were collected up to 14 January 2022 using Pubmed, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus using a systematic search. Data recorded included the description of the markerless system, clinical outcome measures, and biomechanical data mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework (ICF). Studies were grouped by patient population. Results A total of 50 studies were included for data collection. Use cases for single camera markerless motion capture technology were identified for Neurological Injury in Children and Adults; Hereditary/Genetic Neuromuscular Disorders; Frailty; and Orthopaedic or Musculoskeletal groups. Single camera markerless systems were found to perform well in studies involving single plane measurements, such as in the analysis of infant general movements or spatiotemporal parameters of gait, when evaluated against 3D marker-based systems and a variety of clinical outcome measures. However, they were less capable than marker-based systems in studies requiring the tracking of detailed 3D kinematics or fine movements such as finger tracking. Conclusions Single camera markerless motion capture offers great potential for extending the scope of movement analysis outside of laboratory settings in a practical way, but currently suffers from a lack of accuracy where detailed 3D kinematics are required for clinical decision making. Future work should therefore focus on improving tracking accuracy of movements that are out of plane relative to the camera orientation or affected by occlusion, such as supination and pronation of the forearm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Scott
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Seyres
- School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Fraser Philp
- School of Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dimitra Blana
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Leo M, Bernava GM, Carcagnì P, Distante C. Video-Based Automatic Baby Motion Analysis for Early Neurological Disorder Diagnosis: State of the Art and Future Directions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:866. [PMID: 35161612 PMCID: PMC8839211 DOI: 10.3390/s22030866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) are impairments of the growth and development of the brain and/or central nervous system. In the light of clinical findings on early diagnosis of NDD and prompted by recent advances in hardware and software technologies, several researchers tried to introduce automatic systems to analyse the baby's movement, even in cribs. Traditional technologies for automatic baby motion analysis leverage contact sensors. Alternatively, remotely acquired video data (e.g., RGB or depth) can be used, with or without active/passive markers positioned on the body. Markerless approaches are easier to set up and maintain (without any human intervention) and they work well on non-collaborative users, making them the most suitable technologies for clinical applications involving children. On the other hand, they require complex computational strategies for extracting knowledge from data, and then, they strongly depend on advances in computer vision and machine learning, which are among the most expanding areas of research. As a consequence, also markerless video-based analysis of movements in children for NDD has been rapidly expanding but, to the best of our knowledge, there is not yet a survey paper providing a broad overview of how recent scientific developments impacted it. This paper tries to fill this gap and it lists specifically designed data acquisition tools and publicly available datasets as well. Besides, it gives a glimpse of the most promising techniques in computer vision, machine learning and pattern recognition which could be profitably exploited for children motion analysis in videos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Leo
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy, Via Monteroni Snc, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Massimo Bernava
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF), National Research Council of Italy, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Carcagnì
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy, Via Monteroni Snc, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Cosimo Distante
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy, Via Monteroni Snc, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.C.); (C.D.)
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Hadders-Algra M. The developing brain: Challenges and opportunities to promote school readiness in young children at risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in low- and middle-income countries. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:989518. [PMID: 36340733 PMCID: PMC9634632 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.989518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses possibilities for early detection and early intervention in infants with or at increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The brain's high rate of developmental activity in the early years post-term challenges early detection. It also offers opportunities for early intervention and facilitation of school readiness. The paper proposes that in the first year post-term two early detection options are feasible for LMICs: (a) caregiver screening questionnaires that carry little costs but predict neurodevelopmental disorders only moderately well; (b) the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination and Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA) which are easy tools that predict neurodisability well but require assessment by health professionals. The young brain's neuroplasticity offers great opportunities for early intervention. Ample evidence indicates that families play a critical role in early intervention of infants at increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Other interventional key elements are responsive parenting and stimulation of infant development. The intervention's composition and delivery mode depend on the infant's risk profile. For instance, in infants with moderately increased risk (e.g., preterm infants) lay community health workers may provide major parts of intervention, whereas in children with neurodisability (e.g., cerebral palsy) health professionals play a larger role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijna Hadders-Algra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology and University of Groningen, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Redd CB, Karunanithi M, Boyd RN, Barber LA. Technology-assisted quantification of movement to predict infants at high risk of motor disability: A systematic review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 118:104071. [PMID: 34507051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review the scientific literature to determine the predictive validity of technology-assisted measures of observable infant movement in infants less than six months of corrected age (CA) to identify high-risk of motor disability. METHOD A comprehensive search for randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and cross-comparison trials was performed on five electronic databases up to Feb 2021. Studies were included if they quantified infant movement before 6 months CA using some method of technology-assistance and compared the instrumented measure to a diagnostic clinical measure of neurodevelopment. Studies were excluded if they did not report a technology-assisted measure of infant movement. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black scale. RESULTS 23 studies met the full inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality of the included papers ranged from 9 to 24 (out of 26) on the Downs and Black scale. Infant movement assessments included the General Movements Assessment (GMA) and domains of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Assessment (HINE). Studies used 2D video recordings, RGB-Depth recordings, accelerometry, and electromagnetic motion tracking technologies to quantify movement. Analytical approaches and movement features of interest were individual and varied. Technology assisted quantitative assessments identified cases of later diagnosed CP with sensitivity 44-100 %, specificity 59-95 %, Area under the ROC Curve 82-93 %; and typical development with sensitivity range 30-46 %, specificity 88-95 %, Area under the ROC Curve 68 %. INTERPRETATION Technology-assisted assessments of movement in infants less than 6 months CA using current technologies are feasible. Validation of measurement tools are limited. Although methods and results appear promising clinical uptake of technology-assisted assessments remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Redd
- CSIRO, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | - Roslyn N Boyd
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lee A Barber
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia; Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Nathan, Australia
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Blaschek A, Hesse N, Warken B, Vill K, Well T, Hodek C, Heinen F, Müller-Felber W, Schroeder AS. Quantitative Motion Measurements Based on Markerless 3D Full-Body Tracking in Children with SMA Highly Correlate with Standardized Motor Assessments. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 9:121-128. [PMID: 34308910 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in childhood. New therapeutic interventions have been developed to interrupt rapid motor deterioration. The current standard of clinical evaluation for severely weak infants is the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND), originally developed for SMA type 1. This test however, remains subjective and requires extensive training to be performed reliably. OBJECTIVE Proof of principle of the motion tracking method for capturing complex movement patterns in ten children with SMA. METHODS We have developed a system for tracking full-body motion in infants (KineMAT) using a commercially available, low-cost RGB-depth sensor. Ten patients with SMA (2-46 months of age; CHOP INTEND score 10-50) were recorded for 2 minutes during unperturbed spontaneous whole-body activity. Five predefined motion parameters representing 56 degrees of freedom of upper, lower extremities and trunk joints were correlated with CHOP INTEND scores using Pearson product momentum correlation (r). Test-retest analysis in two patients used descriptive statistics. RESULTS 4/5 preselected motion parameters highly correlated with CHOP INTEND: 1. Standard deviation of joint angles (r = 0.959, test-retest range 1.3-1.9%), 2. Standard deviation of joint position (r = 0.933, test-retest range 2.9%), 3. Absolute distance of hand/foot travelled (r = 0.937, test-retest range 6-10.5%), 4. Absolute distance of hand/foot travelled against gravity (r = 0.923; test-retest range 4.8-8.5%). CONCLUSIONS Markerless whole-body motion capture using the KineMAT proved to objectively capture motor performance in infants and children with SMA across different severity and ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Blaschek
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Hauner Children's Hospital, Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolas Hesse
- Swiss Children's Rehab, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Warken
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Hauner Children's Hospital, Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Vill
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Hauner Children's Hospital, Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Therese Well
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Hauner Children's Hospital, Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Hodek
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Hauner Children's Hospital, Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Heinen
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Hauner Children's Hospital, Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Müller-Felber
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Hauner Children's Hospital, Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Sebastian Schroeder
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Hauner Children's Hospital, Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
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Hadders-Algra M. Early Diagnostics and Early Intervention in Neurodevelopmental Disorders-Age-Dependent Challenges and Opportunities. J Clin Med 2021; 10:861. [PMID: 33669727 PMCID: PMC7922888 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses early diagnostics and early intervention in developmental disorders in the light of brain development. The best instruments for early detection of cerebral palsy (CP) with or without intellectual disability are neonatal magnetic resonance imaging, general movements assessment at 2-4 months and from 2-4 months onwards, the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination and Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment. Early detection of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is difficult; its first signs emerge at the end of the first year. Prediction with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and Infant Toddler Checklist is possible to some extent and improves during the second year, especially in children at familial risk of ASD. Thus, prediction improves substantially when transient brain structures have been replaced by permanent circuitries. At around 3 months the cortical subplate has dissolved in primary motor and sensory cortices; around 12 months the cortical subplate in prefrontal and parieto-temporal cortices and cerebellar external granular layer have disappeared. This review stresses that families are pivotal in early intervention. It summarizes evidence on the effectiveness of early intervention in medically fragile neonates, infants at low to moderate risk, infants with or at high risk of CP and with or at high risk of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijna Hadders-Algra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics-Section Developmental Neurology, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Wu YC, Straathof EJM, Heineman KR, Hadders-Algra M. Typical general movements at 2 to 4 months: Movement complexity, fidgety movements, and their associations with risk factors and SINDA scores. Early Hum Dev 2020; 149:105135. [PMID: 32795785 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement complexity and the presence of fidgety movements (FMs) during general movements (GMs) both reflect aspects of neurological integrity in early infancy. AIM To assess interrelations between the degree of movement complexity and characteristics of FMs during typical GMs and to investigate associations between mildly impaired GMs and risk factors and neurodevelopmental condition. STUDY DESIGN Observational cohort study. SUBJECTS 283 infants (25 born preterm) at 2-4 months corrected age, representative of the general Dutch population. OUTCOME MEASURES GMs were classified in terms of GM-complexity (normal or mildly abnormal (MA)) and FMs (clearly present, sporadic, or exaggerated). Concurrent neurological, developmental and socio-emotional status were measured with the Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA). RESULTS Infants with MA GM-complexity had a higher risk of having sporadic FMs and exaggerated FMs. Perinatal complications were not associated with mildly impaired GMs. MA GM-complexity was associated with advanced maternal age (adjusted OR = 2.29 [1.11, 4.76]) and having a non-native Dutch mother (adjusted OR = 2.93 [1.29, 6.64]). It was also associated with atypical neurological (OR = 7.62 [3.51, 16.54]) and developmental scores (OR = 2.38 [1.16, 4.88]). Sporadic and exaggerated FMs were associated with low-to-middle maternal education (adjusted OR = 2.88, [1.45, 5.72]) and having a non-native Dutch father (adjusted OR = 7.16 [1.41, 36.32]), respectively. However, neither sporadic nor exaggerated FMs were associated with the SINDA outcomes. CONCLUSIONS GM-complexity and FMs are two interrelated but different aspects of GMs. Mild impairments in GM-complexity and FMs share a non-optimal socio-economic background as risk factor, but only MA GM-complexity is associated with a concurrent non-optimal neurodevelopmental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chin Wu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Physical Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Elisabeth J M Straathof
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten R Heineman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands; SEIN, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Mijna Hadders-Algra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Irshad MT, Nisar MA, Gouverneur P, Rapp M, Grzegorzek M. AI Approaches Towards Prechtl's Assessment of General Movements: A Systematic Literature Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5321. [PMID: 32957598 PMCID: PMC7570604 DOI: 10.3390/s20185321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
General movements (GMs) are spontaneous movements of infants up to five months post-term involving the whole body varying in sequence, speed, and amplitude. The assessment of GMs has shown its importance for identifying infants at risk for neuromotor deficits, especially for the detection of cerebral palsy. As the assessment is based on videos of the infant that are rated by trained professionals, the method is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, approaches based on Artificial Intelligence have gained significantly increased attention in the last years. In this article, we systematically analyze and discuss the main design features of all existing technological approaches seeking to transfer the Prechtl's assessment of general movements from an individual visual perception to computer-based analysis. After identifying their shared shortcomings, we explain the methodological reasons for their limited practical performance and classification rates. As a conclusion of our literature study, we conceptually propose a methodological solution to the defined problem based on the groundbreaking innovation in the area of Deep Learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tausif Irshad
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (M.A.N.); (P.G.); (M.G.)
- Punjab University College of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeel Nisar
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (M.A.N.); (P.G.); (M.G.)
- Punjab University College of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Philip Gouverneur
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (M.A.N.); (P.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marion Rapp
- Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Marcin Grzegorzek
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (M.A.N.); (P.G.); (M.G.)
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Parisi C, Hesse N, Tacke U, Pujades Rocamora S, Blaschek A, Hadders-Algra M, Black MJ, Heinen F, Müller-Felber W, Schroeder AS. Analyse der Spontanmotorik im 1. Lebensjahr: Markerlose 3-D-Bewegungserfassung zur Früherkennung von Entwicklungsstörungen. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2020; 63:881-890. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-020-03163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungKinder mit motorischer Entwicklungsstörung profitieren von einer frühen Entwicklungsförderung. Eine frühe Diagnosestellung in der kinderärztlichen Vorsorge (U2–U5) kann durch ein automatisiertes Screening verbessert werden. Bisherige Ansätze einer automatisierten Bewegungsanalyse sind jedoch teuer und aufwendig und nicht in der Breite anwendbar. In diesem Beitrag soll ein neues System zur Videoanalyse, das Kinematic Motion Analysis Tool (KineMAT) vorgestellt werden. Es kann bei Säuglingen angewendet werden und kommt ohne Körpermarker aus. Die Methode wird anhand von 7 Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Diagnosen demonstriert.Mit einer kommerziell erhältlichen Tiefenbildkamera (RGB-D[Red-Green-Blue-Depth]-Kamera) werden 3‑minütige Videosequenzen von sich spontan bewegenden Säuglingen aufgenommen und mit einem virtuellen Säuglingskörpermodell (SMIL[Skinned Multi-infant Linear]-Modell) in Übereinstimmung gebracht. Das so erzeugte virtuelle Abbild erlaubt es, beliebige Messungen in 3‑D mit hoher Präzision durchzuführen. Eine Auswahl möglicher Bewegungsparameter wird mit diagnosespezifischen Bewegungsauffälligkeiten zusammengeführt.Der KineMAT und das SMIL-Modell erlauben eine zuverlässige, dreidimensionale Messung der Spontanaktivität bei Säuglingen mit einer sehr niedrigen Fehlerrate. Basierend auf maschinellen Lernalgorithmen kann der KineMAT trainiert werden, pathologische Spontanmotorik automatisiert zu erkennen. Er ist kostengünstig und einfach anzuwenden und soll als Screeninginstrument für die kinderärztliche Vorsorge weiterentwickelt werden.
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