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Akyıldız İ, Açar G, Çiçekcibaşı AE, Mutluer M. Association between the digit ratio (2D:4D), handgrip strength, wrist ratio, and body fat distribution in women with different carpal tunnel syndrome severity. Early Hum Dev 2024; 190:105972. [PMID: 38377882 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.105972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the relationship of the second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), a biomarker of prenatal sex hormone exposure, with wrist ratio (WR), wrist-palm ratio (WPR), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and handgrip strength (HGS) in different carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) severity. METHOD This study involved 90 female participants (aged 18 to 83) with CTS. According to CTS severity, the participants were divided into four groups: normal, mild, moderate, and severe. All parameters of hand anthropometry and body fat distribution were measured, and the mean 2D:4D, WR, WPR, HGS, BMI, and WHR values were compared based on CTS severity. Data were collected with a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and a Likert (LS) scale for numbness severity. RESULTS The mean age, 2D:4D, WD, WW, WR, WPR, BMI, and HGS values showed a significant differences between CTS severity groups. We found that lower 2D:4D and higher WPR and BMI were associated with increased risk of CTS (AUC = 0.728) after removing the effect of age. Bilateral hands were affected in 38.9 % (70/180) of participants. Regression analysis showed that lower HGS can be used as independent variable for predicting the females having bilateral affected hands. The LS score was considerably higher in the severe and moderate groups. Also, the VAS score was significantly higher in the severe group. CONCLUSION The findings of the study demonstrated an association between 2D:4D, WPR, and BMI among women, emphasizing the effect of intrauterine sex hormone exposure on late life CTS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrfan Akyıldız
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gülay Açar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Meram, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Aynur Emine Çiçekcibaşı
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Meram, Konya, Turkey
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Siegmann EM, Olm P, Lenz B, Mühle C, Oberstein TJ, Maler JM, Kornhuber J. Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Is Not Associated with Alzheimer's Disease in the Elderly. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1229. [PMID: 37759830 PMCID: PMC10526128 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is influenced by sex hormones-estrogens and androgens in particular. However, the impact of prenatal sex hormone exposure is less clear; very few investigations have examined the relationship between the second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D), a putative proxy for the ratio of prenatal estrogens to androgens, and AD, with inconsistent results among the few that have. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this relationship using methodologically robust metrics. In a 2 (sex) × 4 (group) MANOVA incorporating 108 participants (30 AD patients, 19 patients with tauopathy but no amyloidopathy, 31 clinical and 28 healthy age- and education-matched controls), the effects of sex and group on the dependent variables right and left 2D:4D were examined. We also explored the association between 2D:4D and the severity of AD symptoms assessed via neuropsychological examination. We did not find any significant differences in the right- and left-hand 2D:4D between patients with AD and the other groups; no significant associations between 2D:4D and neuropsychological task performances were found in the dementia groups. The 2D:4D of healthy women was significantly lower than that of depressed women without AD, i.e., clinical controls, but not significantly different from depressed female patients with AD. This investigation does not support the role of 2D:4D in the development or severity of AD in general, but suggests a potential role of 2D:4D for depression in women. Future studies are warranted to clarify whether 2D:4D can distinguish between early- and late-onset depression in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Siegmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pauline Olm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Jan Oberstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Maler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Wiegersma AM, Boots A, Langendam MW, Limpens J, Shenkin SD, Korosi A, Roseboom TJ, de Rooij SR. Do prenatal factors shape the risk for dementia?: A systematic review of the epidemiological evidence for the prenatal origins of dementia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023:10.1007/s00127-023-02471-7. [PMID: 37029828 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prenatal factors such as maternal stress, infection and nutrition affect fetal brain development and may also influence later risk for dementia. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide an overview of all studies which investigated the association between prenatal factors and later risk for dementia. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase for original human studies reporting on associations between prenatal factors and dementia from inception to 23 November 2022. Prenatal factors could be any factor assessed during pregnancy, at birth or postnatally, provided they were indicative of a prenatal exposure. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. We followed PRISMA guidelines for reporting. RESULTS A total of 68 studies met eligibility criteria (including millions of individuals), assessing maternal age (N = 30), paternal age (N = 22), birth order (N = 15), season of birth (N = 16), place of birth (N = 13), prenatal influenza pandemic (N = 1) or Chinese famine exposure (N = 1), birth characteristics (N = 3) and prenatal hormone exposure (N = 4). We observed consistent results for birth in a generally less optimal environment (e.g. high infant mortality area) being associated with higher dementia risk. Lower and higher birth weight and prenatal famine exposure were associated with higher dementia risk. The studies on season of birth, digit ratio, prenatal influenza pandemic exposure, parental age and birth order showed inconsistent results and were hampered by relatively high risk of bias. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that some prenatal factors, especially those related to a suboptimal prenatal environment, are associated with an increased dementia risk. As these associations may be confounded by factors such as parental socioeconomic status, more research is needed to examine the potential causal role of the prenatal environment in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Marileen Wiegersma
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Aging & Later Life, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Amber Boots
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Aging & Later Life, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda W Langendam
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Limpens
- Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan D Shenkin
- Geriatric Medicine, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Aging & Later Life, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne R de Rooij
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Aging & Later Life, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Valencia-Olvera AC, Maldonado Weng J, Christensen A, LaDu MJ, Pike CJ. Role of estrogen in women's Alzheimer's disease risk as modified by APOE. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13209. [PMID: 36420620 PMCID: PMC10049970 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by numerous sexual dimorphisms that impact the development, progression, and probably the strategies to prevent and treat the most common form of dementia. In this review, we consider this topic from a female perspective with a specific focus on how women's vulnerability to the disease is affected by the individual and interactive effects of estrogens and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Importantly, APOE appears to modulate systemic and neural outcomes of both menopause and estrogen-based hormone therapy. In the brain, dementia risk is greater in APOE4 carriers, and the impacts of hormone therapy on cognitive decline and dementia risk vary according to both outcome measure and APOE genotype. Beyond the CNS, estrogen and APOE genotype affect vulnerability to menopause-associated bone loss, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk. An emerging concept that may link these relationships is the possibility that the effects of APOE in women interact with estrogen status by mechanisms that may include modulation of estrogen responsiveness. This review highlights the need to consider the key AD risk factors of advancing age in a sex-specific manner to optimize development of therapeutic approaches for AD, a view aligned with the principle of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- AC Valencia-Olvera
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - J Maldonado Weng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - A Christensen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - MJ LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - CJ Pike
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
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Stephen TL, Breningstall B, Suresh S, McGill CJ, Pike CJ. APOE genotype and biological sex regulate astroglial interactions with amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:286. [PMID: 36457019 PMCID: PMC9714101 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The most significant genetic risk factor for developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4). APOE genotype and biological sex are key modulators of microglial and astroglial function, which exert multiple effects on AD pathogenesis. Here, we show astroglial interactions with amyloid plaques in the EFAD transgenic mouse model of AD. Using confocal microscopy, we observed significantly lower levels of astrocytic plaque coverage and plaque compaction (beneficial effects of glial barrier formation) with APOE4 genotype and female sex. Conversely, neurite damage and astrocyte activation in the plaque environment were significantly higher in APOE4 carriers and female mice. Astrocyte coverage of plaques was highest in APOE3 males and poorest in APOE4 females. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the roles of astroglia and highlight the importance of addressing independent and interactive effects of APOE genotype and biological sex in understanding processes contributing to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Stephen
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191 USA
| | - B. Breningstall
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191 USA
| | - S. Suresh
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191 USA
| | - C. J. McGill
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191 USA
| | - C. J. Pike
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191 USA
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Wang L, Li P, Hou M, Zhang X, Cao X, Li H. Construction of a risk prediction model for Alzheimer's disease in the elderly population. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:271. [PMID: 34233656 PMCID: PMC8262052 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is one of the greatest global health and social care challenges of the twenty-first century. The etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the most common type of dementia remain unknown. In this study, a simple nomogram was drawn to predict the risk of AD in the elderly population. METHODS Nine variables affecting the risk of AD were obtained from 1099 elderly people through clinical data and questionnaires. Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to select the best predictor variables, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to construct the prediction model. In this study, a graphic tool including 9 predictor variables (nomogram-see precise definition in the text) was drawn to predict the risk of AD in the elderly population. In addition, calibration diagram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to verify the model. RESULTS Six predictors namely sex, age, economic status, health status, lifestyle and genetic risk were identified by LASSO regression analysis of nine variables (body mass index, marital status and education level were excluded). The area under the ROC curve in the training set was 0.822, while that in the validation set was 0.801, suggesting that the model built with these 6 predictors showed moderate predictive ability. The DCA curve indicated that a nomogram could be applied clinically if the risk threshold was between 30 and 40% (30 to 42% in the validation set). CONCLUSION The inclusion of sex, age, economic status, health status, lifestyle and genetic risk into the risk prediction nomogram could improve the ability of the prediction model to predict AD risk in the elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, NO.91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nursing, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, 830001, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Nursing, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, 830001, China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- Department of Nursing, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, 830001, China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- Department of Nursing, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, 830001, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, NO.91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
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