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Mendonça B, Kong M, Coombs A, Kysh L, Sargent B. Psychometric properties of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale and culturally adapted or translated versions when used for infant populations internationally: A systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024. [PMID: 39234875 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.16070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review the psychometric properties of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) when used for infant populations internationally, defined as infants not living in Canada, where the normative sample was established. METHOD Seven databases were searched for studies that informed the psychometric properties of the AIMS and culturally adapted or translated versions in non-Canadian infant cohorts. RESULTS Forty-nine studies reported results from 11 663 infants representing 22 countries. Country-specific versions of the AIMS are available for Brazilian, Polish, Serbian, Spanish, and Thai infant cohorts. Country-specific norms were introduced for Brazilian, Dutch, Polish, and Thai cohorts. The original Canadian norms were appropriate for Brazilian, Greek, and Turkish cohorts. Across countries, the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the AIMS was generally sufficient, except for predictive validity. Sufficient structural validity was found in one study, responsiveness in one study, discriminant validity in four of four studies, concurrent validity in 14 of 16 studies, reliability in 26 of 26 studies, and predictive validity in only eight of 13 studies. INTERPRETATION The use of the AIMS with validated versions and norms is recommended. The AIMS or country-specific versions should be used with caution if norms have not been validated within the specific cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Mendonça
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- NeuroFit Institute, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Michael Kong
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alison Coombs
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Kysh
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Innovation Studio, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Blaisdell Medical Library, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Sargent
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cusack R, Ranzato M, Charvet CJ. Helpless infants are learning a foundation model. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:726-738. [PMID: 38839537 PMCID: PMC11310914 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Humans have a protracted postnatal helplessness period, typically attributed to human-specific maternal constraints causing an early birth when the brain is highly immature. By aligning neurodevelopmental events across species, however, it has been found that humans are not born with especially immature brains compared with animal species with a shorter helpless period. Consistent with this, the rapidly growing field of infant neuroimaging has found that brain connectivity and functional activation at birth share many similarities with the mature brain. Inspired by machine learning, where deep neural networks also benefit from a 'helpless period' of pre-training, we propose that human infants are learning a foundation model: a set of fundamental representations that underpin later cognition with high performance and rapid generalisation.
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Suir I, Boonzaaijer M, Oudgenoeg-Paz O, van Schie PEM, Nuysink J, Jongmans MJ. Parental Beliefs About the Motor Development of Dutch Infants Born Very Preterm: A Cohort Study. Pediatr Phys Ther 2024; 36:95-103. [PMID: 38227754 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the influence of preterm birth on parental beliefs about gross motor development and parents' supportive role in infants' motor development. METHODS Prospective cohort study: Parents of infants born very preterm (VPT) (gestation ≤32 weeks, birth weight <1500 g, without perinatal complications) and parents of healthy infants born full-term (FT) completed the Parental Beliefs on Motor Development questionnaire. RESULTS Questionnaires from 37 parents of infants born VPT, aged 3.5 to 7.5 months (corrected), and 110 parents of infants born FT, aged 3.5 months, were analyzed. Parents of infants born VPT believed stimulating motor development to be more important than parents of infants born FT (F = 5.22; P = .024; ηp2 = 0.035). Most parents of infants born VPT (82.4%) and FT (85.2%) acknowledged their role in supporting motor development. More parents of infants born VPT (41.2% vs 12.0%) believed they should follow their infant's natural developmental pace. CONCLUSION Knowledge of parental beliefs and parents' supporting role in motor development is relevant for tailoring pediatric physiotherapists' interventions with families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Suir
- Research Group Lifestyle and Health (Mss Suir, Boonzaaijer, and Nuysink), Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences (Mss Suir, Oudgenoeg-Paz, and Jongmans), Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neonatology (Mss Boonzaaijer and Jongmans), Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (Ms van Schie), Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Janning A, Lademann H, Olbertz D. Predictive Value of the Münchener Funktionelle Entwicklungsdiagnostik Used to Determine Risk Factors for Motor Development in German Preterm Infants. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2626. [PMID: 37893000 PMCID: PMC10604727 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of developmental delays is essential to providing early developmental care. The Münchener Funktionelle Entwicklungsdiagnostik (MFED) is a simple and cost-effective tool for diagnosing the development of infants and young children. Nevertheless, the MFED has not been a well-studied part of current research. This retrospective cohort study aims to detect risk factors and assess the impact of developmental care during the first twelve months of life, using the MFED. Furthermore, it determines the MFED's predictive value by comparing results with an international gold standard, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II). The study included 303 infants born between 2008-2013 in Rostock, Germany, with a birth weight of ≤1500 g and/or a gestational age of ≤32 weeks, who were evaluated with the MFED at twelve months of age. To ascertain the predictive value, 213 infants underwent BSID II assessment at 24 months of age. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) were significantly associated with a higher risk of developmental delay across various domains. Post-discharge developmental care therapies did not indicate any clear beneficial effect on the infant's development. Nevertheless, some domains of MFED demonstrate predictive value, warranting increased attention for this diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janning
- Department for Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Hanne Lademann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany;
| | - Dirk Olbertz
- Department for Neonatology, Klinikum Südstadt Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
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Airaksinen M, Taylor E, Gallen A, Ilén E, Saari A, Sankilampi U, Räsänen O, Haataja LM, Vanhatalo S. Charting infants' motor development at home using a wearable system: validation and comparison to physical growth charts. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104591. [PMID: 37137181 PMCID: PMC10176156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early neurodevelopmental care and research are in urgent need of practical methods for quantitative assessment of early motor development. Here, performance of a wearable system in early motor assessment was validated and compared to developmental tracking of physical growth charts. METHODS Altogether 1358 h of spontaneous movement during 226 recording sessions in 116 infants (age 4-19 months) were analysed using a multisensor wearable system. A deep learning-based automatic pipeline quantified categories of infants' postures and movements at a time scale of seconds. Results from an archived cohort (dataset 1, N = 55 infants) recorded under partial supervision were compared to a validation cohort (dataset 2, N = 61) recorded at infants' homes by the parents. Aggregated recording-level measures including developmental age prediction (DAP) were used for comparison between cohorts. The motor growth was also compared with respective DAP estimates based on physical growth data (length, weight, and head circumference) obtained from a large cohort (N = 17,838 infants; age 4-18 months). FINDINGS Age-specific distributions of posture and movement categories were highly similar between infant cohorts. The DAP scores correlated tightly with age, explaining 97-99% (94-99% CI 95) of the variance at the group average level, and 80-82% (72-88%) of the variance in the individual recordings. Both the average motor and the physical growth measures showed a very strong fit to their respective developmental models (R2 = 0.99). However, single measurements showed more modality-dependent variation that was lowest for motor (σ = 1.4 [1.3-1.5 CI 95] months), length (σ = 1.5 months), and combined physical (σ = 1.5 months) measurements, and it was clearly higher for the weight (σ = 1.9 months) and head circumference (σ = 1.9 months) measurements. Longitudinal tracking showed clear individual trajectories, and its accuracy was comparable between motor and physical measures with longer measurement intervals. INTERPRETATION A quantified, transparent and explainable assessment of infants' motor performance is possible with a fully automated analysis pipeline, and the results replicate across independent cohorts from out-of-hospital recordings. A holistic assessment of motor development provides an accuracy that is comparable with the conventional physical growth measures. A quantitative measure of infants' motor development may directly support individual diagnostics and care, as well as facilitate clinical research as an outcome measure in early intervention trials. FUNDING This work was supported by the Finnish Academy (314602, 335788, 335872, 332017, 343498), Finnish Pediatric Foundation (Lastentautiensäätiö), Aivosäätiö, Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, and HUS Children's Hospital/HUS diagnostic center research funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Airaksinen
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Elisa Taylor
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anastasia Gallen
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Ilén
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Antti Saari
- Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulla Sankilampi
- Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Okko Räsänen
- Unit of Computing Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena M Haataja
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children's Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Hadders-Algra M, van Iersel PAM, Heineman KR, la Bastide-van Gemert S. Longer duration of gestation in term singletons is associated with better infant neurodevelopment. Early Hum Dev 2023; 181:105779. [PMID: 37120903 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longer gestation at term and post-term age is associated with increased perinatal mortality. Nonetheless, recent neuroimaging studies indicated that longer gestation is also associated with better functioning of the child's brain. AIMS to assess whether longer gestation in term and post-term (in short: term) singletons is associated with better infant neurodevelopment. STUDY DESIGN cross-sectional observational study. SUBJECTS Participants were all singleton term infants (n = 1563) aged 2-18 months of the IMP-SINDA project that collected normative data for the Infant Motor Profile (IMP) and Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA). The group was representative of the Dutch population. OUTCOME MEASURES Total IMP score was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were atypical total IMP scores (scores <15th percentile) and SINDA's neurological and developmental scores. RESULTS Duration of gestation had a quadratic relationship with IMP and SINDA developmental scores. IMP scores were lowest at a gestation of 38·5 weeks, SINDA developmental scores at 38·7 weeks. Next, both scores increased with increasing duration of gestation. Infants born at 41-42 weeks had significantly less often atypical IMP scores (adjusted OR [95 % CI]: 0·571 [0·341-0·957] and atypical SINDA developmental scores (adjusted OR: 0·366 [0·195-0·688]) than infants born at 39-40 weeks. Duration of gestation was not associated with SINDA's neurological score. CONCLUSIONS In term singleton infants representative of the Dutch population longer gestation is associated with better infant neurodevelopment scores suggesting better neural network efficiency. Longer gestation in term infants is not associated with atypical neurological scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijna Hadders-Algra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. Pediatrics - section Developmental Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Patricia A M van Iersel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. Pediatrics - section Developmental Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten R Heineman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. Pediatrics - section Developmental Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha la Bastide-van Gemert
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Kochav-Lev M, Bennett-Back O, Lotan M, Stein-Zamir C. The Use of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) as a Diagnostic Scale for Infants with Autism. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061045. [PMID: 36980353 PMCID: PMC10047290 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental disabilities presenting difficulties in social interaction and language and an increased occurrence of cognitive, sensory, and motor gaps. Early intervention has been reported to improve the function of children with ASD. However, motor screening for children with ASD is difficult, as there are no specific tools for identifying this specific population. This study reports the results of using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), which assesses gross infant motor skills from ages 0 to 18 months, as a screening tool for detecting motor developmental delay (MDD) in small children with ASD. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all children registered at one health care organization in Israel born between 2011 and 2017 (N = 240,299). Early childhood MDD was defined as having at least one recorded developmental physiotherapy (DPT) visit before the age of 2 years. Reasons for referral to DPT and the results of using AIMS as an appropriate tool for revealing developmental delays in infants with ASD are presented. Results: ASD diagnosis was reported in 1821 children (prevalence rate 0.75%). Of those, 388 (odds ratio 4.1, 95% CI 3.6–4.6) children were referred to DPT. Children with ASD mostly received DPT for motor delays (46.19%), torticollis (19.52%), developmental delay (15.48%), and preterm birth (7.38%). The use of AIMS as an early detection tool suggests that more than 87% of children with ASD and MDD present with a developmental delay or risk for one when using this scale. Conclusions: The prevalence of ASD among children referred to DPT for MDD is higher than its prevalence within the general population. The most common reasons for a child with ASD to be referred for DPT services are MMDs. AIMS was found to be a sensitive tool to pinpoint relevant candidates for ASD screening among children treated in DPT. Possible effects of the study: The use of AIMS as a relevant assessment scale for this group of clients is recommended. Training DPTs in identifying initial ASD signs and developing their clinical reasoning abilities will increase the chance of implementing early intervention with this group of clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mooly Kochav-Lev
- Child Development Institute, Meuhedet Health Services, Jerusalem 95464, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Odeya Bennett-Back
- Child Development Institute, Meuhedet Health Services, Jerusalem 95464, Israel
| | - Meir Lotan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Chen Stein-Zamir
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Jerusalem District Health Office, Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem 9101002, Israel
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Huisenga D, la Bastide-van Gemert S, Van Bergen AH, Sweeney JK, Hadders-Algra M. Motor development in infants with complex congenital heart disease: A longitudinal study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:117-125. [PMID: 35665492 PMCID: PMC10084079 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether infants with complex congenital heart disease (CCHD) have an increased risk of impaired quality of motor behavior and delayed motor milestones. METHOD A cohort of 69 infants with CCHD (43 males, 26 females) were assessed with the Infant Motor Profile (IMP) at three time periods between 6 to 18 months, mean ages in months (SD): 6.4 (0.7); 12.7 (1.0); 18.5 (0.7) IMP data were available from a reference sample of 300 Dutch infants. Analyses included multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate differences in IMP scores below the 15th centile between children with CCHD and the reference group, and linear mixed-effects models to assess the effect of ventricular physiology and systemic oxygen saturation (SpO2) of less than 90% on IMP outcomes. RESULTS Infants with CCHD had increased risks of total IMP scores below the 15th centile (lowest odds ratio [OR] at 18mo: 6.82 [95% confidence interval {CI} 2.87-16.19]), especially because of lower scores in the domains of variation, adaptability, and performance. Children with single ventricle CCHD scored consistently 3.03% (95% CI 1.00-5.07) lower than those with two ventricle physiology, mainly from contributions of the variation and performance domains. SpO2 of less than 90% was associated with 2.52% (95% CI 0.49-4.54) lower IMP scores. INTERPRETATION CCHD, especially single ventricle physiology, increases risk of impaired motor development. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Complex congenital heart disease (CCHD) substantially increases risk of impaired motor development. CCHD is associated with motor delay and reduced motor variation and adaptability. Single ventricle physiology increases the risk of impaired motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene Huisenga
- Advocate Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation and Development, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USA.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha la Bastide-van Gemert
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew H Van Bergen
- Advocate Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation and Development, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USA.,Advocate Children's Hospital, Advocate Children's Heart Institute, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USA
| | - Jane K Sweeney
- Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Mijna Hadders-Algra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Gautier C, Alexandre M, Zaczek S, Mostaert A, Legros L. Comparative validity between the Canadian and the Dutch norms of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale in a preterm population. Child Care Health Dev 2023; 49:36-43. [PMID: 35297080 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prematurity remains a leading cause of motor developmental delays. The Alberta Infant Motor Scales (AIMS) is a useful tool to easily assess motor development. However, during the last decade, cross-cultural differences have been identified regarding the original AIMS norms. Therefore, the aim of this study is twofold: confirm the validity of the AIMS in a preterm population and compare the new Dutch AIMS norms to the original Canadian ones in our Belgian population. METHOD Ninety-six preterm infants were assessed simultaneously on the AIMS and on the Bayley Scales of Infant-Toddler Development (Bayley-III) at age 9-14 months. Concurrent validity was evaluated by correlation analysis. Among these, 89 were assessed on the AIMS at age 3-6 months. Clinimetric properties of both AIMS norms were calculated to compare their ability to detect a motor delay on the Bayley-III at age 9-14 months. RESULT Pearson's coefficient showed an excellent level of correlation between the two scales (r = 0.91). At age 3-6 months, only the 10th Canadian centile showed acceptable properties to predict a significant motor delay. At age 9-14 months, the 5th centile of both norms showed good properties to diagnose a significant motor delay, while only the Canadian norms seems to be sensitive enough to diagnose a mild motor delay. CONCLUSION The new Dutch norms seem to be less sensitive but more specific than the Canadian ones and therefore require adapted cut-offs to diagnose motor developmental delays in a preterm population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gautier
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, CHR Sambre et Meuse, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marie Alexandre
- Follow-up Center for Preterm Infants, CHR Sambre et Meuse, Namur, Belgium
| | - Sophie Zaczek
- Follow-up Center for Preterm Infants, CHR Sambre et Meuse, Namur, Belgium
| | - Anne Mostaert
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, CHR Sambre et Meuse, Namur, Belgium.,Follow-up Center for Preterm Infants, CHR Sambre et Meuse, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Legros
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, CHR Sambre et Meuse, Namur, Belgium.,Follow-up Center for Preterm Infants, CHR Sambre et Meuse, Namur, Belgium
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Suir I, Boonzaaijer M, Oudgenoeg-Paz O, Westers P, de Vries LS, van der Net J, Nuysink J, Jongmans MJ. Modeling gross motor developmental curves of extremely and very preterm infants using the AIMS home-video method. Early Hum Dev 2022; 175:105695. [PMID: 36459886 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor development is one of the first signals to identify whether an infant is developing well. For very preterm (VPT) infants without severe perinatal complications, little is known about their motor developmental curves. AIMS Explore gross motor developmental curves from 3 until 18 months corrected age (CA) of VPT infants, and related factors. Explore whether separate profiles can be distinguished and compare these to profiles of Dutch term-born infants. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study with parents repeatedly recording their infant, using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) home-video method, from 3 to 18 months CA. SUBJECTS Forty-two Dutch infants born ≤32.0 weeks gestational age and/or with a birthweight (BW) of <1500 g without severe perinatal complications. OUTCOME MEASURES Gross motor development measured with the AIMS. RESULTS In total 208 assessments were analyzed, with 27 infants ≥five assessments, 12 with <four, and three with one assessment. Sigmoid-shaped gross motor curves show unidirectional growth and variability. No infant or parental factors significantly influenced motor development, although a trend was seen for the model where lower BW, five-minute Apgar score <7, and Dutch native-speaking parents were associated with slower motor development. Three motor developmental profiles of VPT infants were identified, early developers, gradual developers, and late bloomers, which until 12 months CA are comparable in shape and speed to profiles of Dutch term-born infants. CONCLUSIONS VPT infants show great intra- and interindividual variability in gross motor development, with three motor profiles being distinguished. From 12 months CA onwards, VPT infants appear to develop at a slower pace. With some caution, classifying infants into motor developmental profiles may assist clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Suir
- Research Group Lifestyle and Health, Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - M Boonzaaijer
- Research Group Lifestyle and Health, Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - O Oudgenoeg-Paz
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P Westers
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L S de Vries
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J van der Net
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Department of Child Development, Exercise and Physical Literacy, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Nuysink
- Research Group Lifestyle and Health, Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M J Jongmans
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Eliks M, Gajewska E. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale: A tool for the assessment of motor aspects of neurodevelopment in infancy and early childhood. Front Neurol 2022; 13:927502. [PMID: 36188401 PMCID: PMC9515325 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.927502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the surveillance of motor development should accompany systematic appointments with medical professionals in infancy and early childhood. One of the standardized tools for evaluating motor development is the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). This paper aims to present assumptions and psychometric properties of the AIMS, the methodology of assessment of an infant's performance with the AIMS, and research on the validation and standardization of the AIMS as well as the use of the scale as an outcome measure. We conducted a non-systematic literature review using three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase (from June 1992 to February 2022). We included original research with a full-text manuscript in English. No geographical restrictions were applied. The search terms “alberta infant motor scale” AND “reliability” OR “validity” and “alberta infant motor scale” AND “norms” OR “reference” OR “standardization” were used for literature review on the validation and standardization of the AIMS in other non-Canadian populations. This narrative review also focuses on how the AIMS is applied as an outcome measure in research by presenting studies on the AIMS conducted over the last decade. Our review found that the AIMS is widely used for both research and clinical purposes. The AIMS has been used as an outcome measure in both interventional and observational studies conducted on both neurotypical infants and those with conditions affecting motor development. The advantages of the scale are its infant-friendliness, time duration of the examination, and relative ease of application for an examiner. The scale has been validated and standardized in many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Eliks
- Chair and Clinic of the Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Małgorzata Eliks
| | - Ewa Gajewska
- Chair and Clinic of the Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Blok J, Poggensee KL, Lemus D, Kok M, Pangalila RF, Vallery H, Deferme J, Toussaint-Duyster LC, Horemans H. Quantification of the development of trunk control in healthy infants using inertial measurement units. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot 2022; 2022:1-6. [PMID: 36176139 DOI: 10.1109/icorr55369.2022.9896546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trunk motor control is essential for the proper functioning of the upper extremities and is an important predictor of gait capacity in children with delayed development. Early diagnosis and intervention could increase the trunk motor capabilities in later life, but current tools used to assess the level of trunk motor control are largely subjective and many lack the sensitivity to accurately monitor development and the effects of therapy. Inertial measurement units could yield an objective quantitative assessment that is inexpensive and easy-to-implement. We hypothesized that root mean square of jerk, a proxy for movement smoothness, could be used to distinguish age and thereby presumed motor development. We attached a sensor to the trunks of six young children with no known developmental deficits. Root mean square of jerk decreases with age, up to 24 months, and is correlated to a more established method, i.e., center-of-pressure velocity, as well as other standard inertial measurement unit outputs. This metric therefore shows potential as a method to differentiate trunk motor control levels.
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Airaksinen M, Gallen A, Kivi A, Vijayakrishnan P, Häyrinen T, Ilén E, Räsänen O, Haataja LM, Vanhatalo S. Intelligent wearable allows out-of-the-lab tracking of developing motor abilities in infants. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:69. [PMID: 35721830 PMCID: PMC9200857 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early neurodevelopmental care needs better, effective and objective solutions for assessing infants' motor abilities. Novel wearable technology opens possibilities for characterizing spontaneous movement behavior. This work seeks to construct and validate a generalizable, scalable, and effective method to measure infants' spontaneous motor abilities across all motor milestones from lying supine to fluent walking. Methods A multi-sensor infant wearable was constructed, and 59 infants (age 5-19 months) were recorded during their spontaneous play. A novel gross motor description scheme was used for human visual classification of postures and movements at a second-level time resolution. A deep learning -based classifier was then trained to mimic human annotations, and aggregated recording-level outputs were used to provide posture- and movement-specific developmental trajectories, which enabled more holistic assessments of motor maturity. Results Recordings were technically successful in all infants, and the algorithmic analysis showed human-equivalent-level accuracy in quantifying the observed postures and movements. The aggregated recordings were used to train an algorithm for predicting a novel neurodevelopmental measure, Baba Infant Motor Score (BIMS). This index estimates maturity of infants' motor abilities, and it correlates very strongly (Pearson's r = 0.89, p < 1e-20) to the chronological age of the infant. Conclusions The results show that out-of-hospital assessment of infants' motor ability is possible using a multi-sensor wearable. The algorithmic analysis provides metrics of motility that are transparent, objective, intuitively interpretable, and they link strongly to infants' age. Such a solution could be automated and scaled to a global extent, holding promise for functional benchmarking in individualized patient care or early intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Airaksinen
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children’s Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anastasia Gallen
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children’s Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kivi
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children’s Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pavithra Vijayakrishnan
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children’s Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru Häyrinen
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children’s Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Ilén
- Department of Design, Aalto University, Otaniementie 14, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Okko Räsänen
- Unit of Computing Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena M. Haataja
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children’s Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, New Children’s Hospital and HUS Imaging, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Reliability Study of the Items of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) Using Kappa Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031767. [PMID: 35162790 PMCID: PMC8835356 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We evaluated the interrater and intrarater reliabilities of the Korean version of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (K-AIMS). Methods: For the interrater reliability test, six raters participated in the K-AIMS evaluation using video clips of 70 infants (aged between 0 and 18 months). One rater participated in an intrarater reliability test. Among 70 infants, 46 were born preterm and 24 were born full term. A total of 58 AIMS items were evaluated for supine, prone, sitting, and standing positions. A reliability analysis was conducted using ICC and Fleiss’ kappa. Results: The highest Fleiss’ kappa was found for the 4–7 months group for sitting (K = 0.701–1.000) and standing (K = 0.721–1.000), while the lowest K was the 3 months or under group for standing (K = 0.153–1.000). We found higher Fleiss’ kappa statistics when all infants were evaluated without grouping for the three positions (K = 0.727–1.000), except standing (K = 0.192–1.000), for the interrater analysis. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the good reliability for the Korean version of the AIMS for Korean infants (preterm and full term).
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Menegol NA, Montemezzo D, Francisco Gulonda ASG, Sonza A, Castro CGD, Sanada LS. Canadian and Brazilian Percentile Ranks for the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2022; 42:635-644. [PMID: 35538717 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2022.2073798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To verify if there is a difference between the percentile ranks for Brazilian infants compared with norms for Canadian infants on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Method: A cross-sectional study in which 322 Brazilian infants, 2 to 15 months old, were administered the AIMS. Percentile ranks were calculated using norms for Canadian infants and norms from two studies of Brazilian infants. The Friedman test compared the AIMS percentile ranks for the entire sample. For reliability analysis, the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used. Bland Altman's analysis was applied to compare percentile ranks. Results: Of the 322 evaluations analyzed, there were significant differences (p<.001) between the three percentile ranks compared. The Canadian norms presented the lowest average rating. There was good reliability between the percentile ranks (ICC > 0.75) but low agreement (Bland Altman; p<.001). Conclusion: There are differences between the Brazilian and Canadian percentile ranks and between the Brazilian percentile ranks of 2014 and 2016, and these differences may influence identification of motor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Alves Menegol
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Dayane Montemezzo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Anelise Sonza
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Sayuri Sanada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Active head lifting from supine in infancy in the general population: Red flag or not? Early Hum Dev 2021; 163:105466. [PMID: 34543946 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously it had been had reported that active head lifting from supine (AHLS) in high-risk infants was associated with lower cognitive scores in the second year. AHLS was generally accompanied by stereotyped leg movements. AIMS To examine in a standardized way whether AHLS with or without stereotyped leg movements in the general population is associated with prenatal, perinatal, neonatal and socio-economic risk factors or with lower scores on concurrent infant tests. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study SUBJECTS: 1700 infants aged 2-18 months representative of the Dutch population. OUTCOME MEASURES Infant Motor Profile (IMP) and Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA). Assessments were video-recorded and included at the youngest ages 3min of behaviour in supine. AHLS and the presence of stereotyped leg movements were recorded. Standardized information on early risk factors was available. RESULTS AHLS occurred at 4-9 months (prevalence per months: 1-14%; highest prevalence at 6 months). It was not associated with early risk factors or scores on infant tests. When AHLS was accompanied by stereotyped leg movements it was associated with a higher prevalence of an IMP-variation score < P15 (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.472 [95%CI 1.017; 6.006]). Stereotyped leg movements irrespective of AHLS were associated with more unfavourable total IMP scores and IMP performance scores (B coefficients -3.212 [-4.065; -2.360], -2.521 [-3.783; -1.259]) and IMP variation and SINDA neurological scores (ORs 5.432 [3.409; 8.655], 3.098 [1.548; 6.202]). CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that AHLS is not a red flag. Rather its co-occurring stereotyped leg movements may signal less favourable neurodevelopment.
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Modeling a gross motor curve of typically developing Dutch infants from 3.5 to 15.5 months based on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Early Hum Dev 2021; 157:105366. [PMID: 33865116 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interindividual variability in gross motor development of infants is substantial and challenges the interpretation of motor assessments. Longitudinal research can provide insight into variability in individual gross motor trajectories. PURPOSE To model a gross motor growth curve of healthy term-born infants from 3.5 to 15.5 months with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and to explore groups of infants with different patterns of development. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study including six assessments with the AIMS. A Linear Mixed Model analysis (LMM) was applied to model motor growth, controlled for covariates. Cluster analysis was used to explore groups with different pathways. Growth curves for the subgroups were modelled and differences in the covariates between the groups were described and tested. RESULTS In total, data of 103 infants was included in the LMM which showed that a cubic function (F(1,571) = 89.68, p < 0.001) fitted the data best. None of the covariates remained in the model. Cluster analysis delineated three clinically relevant groups: 1) Early developers (32%), 2) Gradual developers (46%), and 3) Late bloomers (22%). Significant differences in covariates between the groups were found for birth order, maternal education and maternal employment. CONCLUSION The current study contributes to knowledge about gross motor trajectories of healthy term born infants. Cluster analysis identified three groups with different gross motor trajectories. The motor growth curve provides a starting point for future research on motor trajectories of infants at risk and can contribute to accurate screening.
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