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Ramón-Jarne FJ, Jurado D, Jiménez-Fernández S, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Martínez-Ortega JM, Gurpegui M. Disordered eating behaviors among Christian and Muslim adolescents in Ceuta, a multicultural town. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:182-189. [PMID: 30583261 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies on disordered eating behaviors (DEB) in multicultural populations with multiple religious/cultural affiliations are needed in order to clarify the relationship between cultural background and DEB. Therefore, we compared the presence of DEB among Christian and Muslim adolescents who share their school environment, controlling for the effect of body mass index, demographic variables and lifestyle habits. A sample of 493 girls and boys (339 Christian, 138 Muslim) whose mean (±SD) age was 14.8 (±1.7) years completed self-reporting questionnaires and underwent measurements of anthropometric data. Religious/cultural affiliation was defined by self-identification. The dependent variable, DEB was assessed by means of the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-2). Muslim girls and boys score higher than Christians on EDI-2 total scores, especially on the perfectionism subscale. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the characteristics associated with DEB, which were detected in 24% of participants (19% of Christians and in 35% of Muslims). Among girls, DEB were directly associated with overweight or obesity, the presence of frequent quarrels with parents, academic failure and spending more than 3 h a day watching screen images. Among boys, DEB were directly associated with overweight or obesity and Muslim background; and inversely associated with age and socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Ramón-Jarne
- CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Ceuta School of Nursing and Ceuta Military Hospital, Ceuta, Spain
| | - Dolores Jurado
- CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Jiménez-Fernández
- CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas
- CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Psychiatry Service, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Martínez-Ortega
- CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Gurpegui
- CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Sipilä P, Harrasova G, Mustelin L, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Keski-Rahkonen A. "Holy anorexia"-relevant or relic? Religiosity and anorexia nervosa among Finnish women. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:406-414. [PMID: 28346694 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Since medieval times, an association between religiosity and anorexia nervosa has been suggested, but few systematic studies exist. This study examines in a nationwide setting whether personal or family religiosity is associated with lifetime anorexia nervosa among women in adolescence and early adulthood. Women (N = 2,825) from the 1975 to 1979 birth cohorts of Finnish twins were screened for lifetime DSM-5 anorexia nervosa (N = 92). Parental religiosity was assessed by self-report when the women were aged 16 years. The women self-reported their religiosity at ages 16 and 22 to 27 years. Parental religiosity did not increase the risk of lifetime anorexia nervosa, and neither did religiosity of the women themselves in adolescence. In early adulthood, a J-shaped curve was compatible with the data, indicating increased risk both at low and high levels of religiosity, but this result was statistically non-significant. Religiosity was weakly negatively correlated with body dissatisfaction. There was some suggestive evidence for socioregional variation in the association of religiosity with lifetime anorexia nervosa. In this first population study to directly address religiosity and anorexia nervosa, no evidence was found for a significant association of religiosity with anorexia nervosa either at the personal or family level. Some regional differences are possible. A modest protective association of religiosity with body dissatisfaction is also possible. Despite compelling case descriptions of "holy anorexia," religiosity does not appear to be a central factor in the development of anorexia nervosa in Finland, a highly secularized Christian country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyry Sipilä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gulnara Harrasova
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Mustelin
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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