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Mangweth-Matzek B, Kummer KK, Hoek HW. Update on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders among older people. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023; 36:405-411. [PMID: 37471308 PMCID: PMC10552830 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We reviewed the recent literature on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders among middle-aged and older women and men. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies show that among older female persons, the prevalence rates with full diagnoses of eating disorders based on DSM-IV or DSM-5 criteria are between 2.1 and 7.7%, and among older men less than 1%. These studies show that the prevalence of eating disorders decreases by age in women, but it does not get towards zero even in very high age. Middle age, with a peak around 50, is also a critical time for the occurrence of eating disorders in men. Women who reported severe menopausal symptoms showed more eating disorder pathology compared with those with low symptoms during menopausal transition. SUMMARY Eating disorders do occur in middle and older age of both sexes. Shame and stigmatization have decreased, and medical awareness and explicit assessment of eating behavior in all age groups have developed. What puberty is for eating disorders in adolescence and young age is menopausal transition for midlife women. Also in men, associations with hormonal disturbances are possible. Treatment approaches should consider treatment strategies tailored to older women and men, addressing the context of midlife and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mangweth-Matzek
- University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology
| | - Kai K. Kummer
- University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans W. Hoek
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
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Kilpela LS, Marshall VB, Hooper SC, Becker CB, Keel PK, LaCroix AZ, Musi N, Espinoza SE. Binge eating age of onset, frequency, and associated emotional distress among women aged 60 years and over. Eat Disord 2023; 31:479-486. [PMID: 37039323 PMCID: PMC10876154 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2023.2192600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging research indicates that binge eating is prevalent among older adult women. This study explored the characteristics of older women (aged 60+ years) with objective binge episodes (OBE) in later-life, including age of onset, distress, and frequency of OBE. Data consist of telephone clinical interviews conducted with individuals presenting for participation in a biomedical study of older women with OBE to establish inclusion criteria. Of 71 participants interviewed, 77.5% met DSM-5 criteria for OBE (≥1/week for ≥3 months); 33.3% reported OBE onset before age 40, 17.9% reported midlife onset (ages 40-55), and 48.7% reported late-life onset (56+). Regarding distress, older women with OBE in later-life reported themes of age-related self-blame surrounding eating, loss of control, and cognitive fixation on satiation. Among older women with OBE in later-life, onset in mid- to later-life may be relatively common. Furthermore, distress regarding OBEs was significant, highlighting the need for intervention research among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Smith Kilpela
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
- Reach Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antoni, USA
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antoni, USA
| | - Victoria B. Marshall
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
- Reach Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antoni, USA
| | - Savannah C. Hooper
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
- Reach Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antoni, USA
| | | | - Pamela K. Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Z. LaCroix
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antoni, USA
| | - Sara E. Espinoza
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antoni, USA
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Hooper SC, Espinoza SE, Marshall VB, Kilpela LS. The Clinical Phenotype of Binge Eating Disorder among Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2087. [PMID: 37432212 PMCID: PMC10180572 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED), a form of overnutrition, may impact healthy aging for postmenopausal women. In community samples, 12-26% of older women (ages 60+) engage in binge eating. In younger adults, BED is comorbid with physical and psychological morbidities. However, little is known regarding the clinical phenotype, including medical and psychiatric comorbidities, of BED in postmenopausal women. This pilot study sought to identify psychosomatic, cardiometabolic, body composition, and physical function characteristics of postmenopausal, older adult (age ≥60 years) women with BED. Participants (N = 21, ages 60-75) completed a battery of physical assessments and surveys assessing psychosomatic health. Overall, 62% of women reported BE onset during peri- or post-menopause. Rates of comorbid depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and a history of severe menopausal symptoms were high. Cardiometabolic health was poor, and 42.9% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Additionally, 71.4% met the BMI criteria for obesity, and 40% of this sample met the criteria for sarcopenic obesity. Almost half of the sample presented with at least one mobility limitation; 85.7% had poor endurance. Evidence suggests that BED is highly comorbid with other chronic health conditions and may complicate treatment of these conditions, warranting further investigation and increased attention from healthcare providers serving postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah C. Hooper
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sara E. Espinoza
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas VA Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Victoria B. Marshall
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lisa S. Kilpela
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas VA Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Hooper SC, Kilpela LS, Gomez F, Middlemass KM, Becker CB. Eating disorder pathology in a sample of midlife and older adults experiencing food insecurity. Eat Behav 2023; 49:101742. [PMID: 37178461 PMCID: PMC10876155 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have recently identified food insecurity (FI) as a risk factor for eating disorder pathology (EDP). Yet, associations between FI and EDP remain understudied in midlife and older adults. The current study is a descriptive and exploratory re-analysis of Becker et al. (2017, 2019), investigating prevalence rates of EDP and differences in EDP between midlife and older adult food bank clients. Additionally, we examined the relations between FI severity and EDP in each age group. Participants included 292 midlife (51-65 years) and 267 older adults (66+) who were clients of a local foodbank. All participants completed a self-report questionnaire inquiring about FI, EDP, and demographic information. Overall, 8.9 % of respondents had a probable eating disorder (10.5 % of midlife adults, 5.6 % of older adults). Binge eating was the most endorsed EDP. Significantly more midlife adults reported night eating and skipping ≥two meals in a row versus older adults. Additionally, FI severity level was associated with higher risk of night eating, BE, skipping ≥two meals in a row, and laxative use in midlife adults. These same associations were significant for older adults, with the addition of vomiting and exception of laxative use. Evidently, the relations between FI and EDP seen in younger populations extends into mid and late-life, with minimal differences between midlife and older adults living with FI. It is imperative that we intentionally include midlife and older adults in FI and EDP research, investigating how best to address disordered eating across the lifespan within the context of experiencing FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah C Hooper
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Lisa Smith Kilpela
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, USA
| | - Francesca Gomez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Kilpela LS, Marshall VB, Keel PK, LaCroix AZ, Espinoza SE, Hooper SC, Musi N. The clinical significance of binge eating among older adult women: an investigation into health correlates, psychological wellbeing, and quality of life. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:97. [PMID: 35799222 PMCID: PMC9264536 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One type of overnutrition, binge eating (BE; eating an unusually large amount of food with loss of control), is prevalent among older adult women. Yet, little is known about the clinical significance of this eating disorder pathology in older adults, especially in relation to health outcomes used in geriatrics, while controlling for associations with body mass index (BMI). METHOD Women (N = 227) aged 60-94 completed two measures of BE and health/wellness questionnaires online. We used multivariable analyses to compare women with Clinical-frequency BE (≥ weekly frequency), Subclinical-frequency BE (< weekly), and No BE on health/wellness outcomes controlling for BMI. We conducted partial correlations controlling for BMI to examine associations between BE severity and health indices. RESULTS Controlling for BMI, the Clinical-frequency BE group reported poorer health-related quality of life (physical function, role limitations due to both emotional and physical problems, vitality, emotional wellbeing, social function, and pain) and poorer psychological health (depression, body image) compared to both Subclinical-frequency BE and No BE. The Clinical-frequency BE group also reported poorer sleep, nutritious food consumption, general health, and positive affect compared to No BE. Associations between a separate measure of BE severity and health indices confirmed findings from group comparisons. CONCLUSION Weekly BE may offer a promising screening benchmark for identifying one type of overnutrition in older women that is associated with numerous indicators of poorer health, independent of the effects of BMI. More research is needed to understand risks for and consequences of BE unique to older adult women. Binge eating (BE; eating an unusually large amount of food with loss of control), is prevalent among older adult women and is associated with health problems in younger populations. Yet, little is known about how BE is related to other health problems in older adults. We compared health behaviors, physical health, health-related quality of life, and psychological health between older adult women who reported weekly or more frequent BE (i.e., Clinical BE), those with low frequency BE (i.e., Subclinical BE), and those with no BE, while accounting for BMI. Older women in the Clinical BE group reported poorer health-related quality of life, more depression symptoms, and worse body image compared to the Subclinical BE and No BE groups. Compared to the No BE group, the Clinical BE group also reported poorer sleep, less frequent consumption of nutritious foods, worse health, and less frequent positive emotions. Using a separate measure of BE severity, we found similar associations with these health outcomes. Engaging in weekly BE may represent one type of overnutrition behavior in older women that is associated with numerous indicators of poorer health. More research is needed to understand risks for and consequences of BE unique to older adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Smith Kilpela
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Victoria B Marshall
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pamela K Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sara E Espinoza
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Savannah C Hooper
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas VA Health System, Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Rodgers RF, Berry RA, Laveway K. Body image concerns and disordered eating among older women: Identifying variables of interest for integrated models. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:886-891. [PMID: 35092325 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research focused on developing risk and protective models of body image concerns and disordered eating among older women is scant. Models including biological, psychological, and sociocultural elements may be useful explanatory frameworks in this group. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct formative research exploring the constructs that form part of biopsychosocial models of body image concerns and disordered eating among older women. METHOD A sample of 184 women aged 60-75 years completed an online survey assessing media pressures, thin-ideal internalization, depression symptoms, weight and shape concerns, and disordered eating as well as positive reappraisal and acceptance of aging-related changes to appearance. RESULTS After the addition of two supplemental pathways, the model revealed good fit to the data. In the final model, age, depression, and media pressure were associated with media internalization, that was in turn associated with weight and shape concerns, and then disordered eating. Depression was also directly associated with both weight and shape concerns and disordered eating. The model varied across older women with high versus low levels of positive reappraisal and acceptance of aging-related changes to appearance. Specifically, among those high on this trait, the pathways between depression and thin-ideal internalization, and between weight and shape concerns and disordered eating were significantly weaker. DISCUSSION These findings support the usefulness of biopsychosocial models for grounding research on body image concerns and disordered eating among older women, and suggest positive reappraisal and acceptance of aging-related changes to appearance as a useful dimension to focus on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Rachel A Berry
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Counseling and Psychological Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Katherine Laveway
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rodgers RF, Berry R, Laveway K, Carrard I. Positive body image, intuitive eating, and psychosocial functioning among older women: Testing an integrated model. Eat Behav 2022; 45:101627. [PMID: 35366520 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the body image and eating behaviors of older women is scarce. Moreover, the scant existing research has lacked a focus on positive dimensions, such as positive reappraisal and acceptance, body appreciation, appearance satisfaction, and intuitive eating among older women. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine a model of the relationships among these positive dimensions and psychological functioning in older women. METHODS A sample of 171 women aged 60-75 years were recruited through social media to respond to a survey assessing body image, eating behaviors, and psychological wellbeing. RESULTS The final model was a good fit to the data. In this model, positive reappraisal and acceptance of age-related appearance changes was associated with higher body appreciation, in turn associated with higher body image related quality of life, higher levels of intuitive eating, and lower levels of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Positive body image and positive reappraisal of aging-related changes in appearance are associated with psychological wellbeing among older women. Longitudinal data are needed to clarify the direction of these relationships and inform interventions. Body image remains an important dimension among older women and should be accounted for in broader health promotion efforts among this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, Montpellier, France.
| | - Rachel Berry
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America; Counseling and Psychological Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Katherine Laveway
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Carrard
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Geneva, Switzerland
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Bailey-Straebler S, Redlak-Olcese A, Attia E. Eating disorder treatment in very old age: A case for using CBT. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 37. [PMID: 34453854 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Bailey-Straebler
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, White Plains, New York, USA
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Evelyn Attia
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, White Plains, New York, USA
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
AbstractDespite that disordered eating has been repeatedly associated with perfectionism, the results are inconsistent as to which exact dimensions of perfectionism it is related to. Moreover, the increasing evidence that perfectionism is best conceptualized as a domain-specific, as opposed to a global, trait contribute to the lack of clarity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine which dimensions of global and physical appearance perfectionism statistically predict disordered dieting in a non-clinical adult female sample. In total 437 participants completed the Short Almost Perfect Scale, which distinguishes between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale, which distinguishes between hope for perfection and worry about imperfection, and the Dieting subscale of the Eating Attitudes Test-26. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that only maladaptive, as opposed to adaptive, global perfectionism statistically predicted disordered dieting. Furthermore, both dimensions of physical appearance perfectionism statistically predicted disordered dieting, although worry about imperfection, its maladaptive dimension, was the strongest statistical predictor. The present results demonstrate that worry about imperfection is an effective statistical predictor of disordered dieting among women, possibly serving as a starting point for further research investigating the utility of its incorporation in prevention and treatment protocols for disordered eating.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This narrative review summarizes literature on the stigma and prejudices experienced by individuals based on their weight in the context of romantic relationships. RECENT FINDINGS Individuals presenting with overweight or obesity, particularly women, are disadvantaged in the formation of romantic relationships compared with their normal-weight counterparts. They are also more prone to experience weight-based stigmatization towards their couple (from others), as well as among their couple (from their romantic partner). Currently available studies showed that weight-based stigmatization by a romantic partner was found to be associated with personal and interpersonal correlates, such as body dissatisfaction, relationship and sexual dissatisfaction, and disordered eating behaviors. Scientific literature on weight-based stigmatization among romantic relationships is still scarce. Prospective researches are clearly needed to identify consequences of this specific type of stigmatization on individuals' personal and interpersonal well-being. The use of dyadic designs could help to deepen our understanding as it would take into account the interdependence of both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Côté
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Pavillon F-A.-Savard, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, local 1116, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre d'Expertise Poids, Image et Alimentation, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Pavillon F-A.-Savard, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, local 1116, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre d'Expertise Poids, Image et Alimentation, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Pavillon des Services, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Pirotta S, Barillaro M, Brennan L, Grassi A, Jeanes YM, Joham AE, Kulkarni J, Couch LM, Lim SS, Moran LJ. Disordered Eating Behaviours and Eating Disorders in Women in Australia with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101682. [PMID: 31615157 PMCID: PMC6832459 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological co-morbidities common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may contribute to disordered eating and subsequent weight gain. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of disordered eating and a range of eating disorders and demographic risk factors associated with these behaviours within an Australian group of women with and without PCOS. Data from 899 women with (n = 501) and without (n = 398) PCOS were analysed as possibly indicative of disordered eating or eating disorders using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Disordered eating (p = 0.012) but not eating disorders (p = 0.076) were more prevalent in women with PCOS compared to controls. Increased body mass index (BMI) [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.03; 95%; Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01, 1.05, p = 0.012] and older age [OR: 1.05; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.08, p = 0.002] but not PCOS diagnosis [OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 0.96, 2.13 p = 0.078] increased the odds of disordered eating. Increased BMI [OR: 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.06, p < 0.001] and younger age [OR: -0.95; 95%CI: 0.93–0.95, p < 0.001] but not PCOS diagnosis [OR: 1.38; 95%CI: 0.97, 1.95, p = 0.076] increased the odds of an eating disorder. Clinicians are recommended to screen all women with PCOS for possible disordered eating behaviours, with particular attention to women with elevated BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pirotta
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Mary Barillaro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Leah Brennan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Angela Grassi
- Nutrition Department, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA 19383, USA.
| | - Yvonne M Jeanes
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 5PJ, UK.
| | - Anju E Joham
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Jayashri Kulkarni
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Lynn Monahan Couch
- Nutrition Department, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA 19383, USA.
| | - Siew S Lim
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
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