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Antonicelli A, Muriana P, Favaro G, Mangiameli G, Lanza E, Profili M, Bianchi F, Fina E, Ferrante G, Ghislandi S, Pistillo D, Finocchiaro G, Condorelli G, Lembo R, Novellis P, Dieci E, De Santis S, Veronesi G. The Smokers Health Multiple ACtions (SMAC-1) Trial: Study Design and Results of the Baseline Round. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:417. [PMID: 38254906 PMCID: PMC10814085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer screening with low-dose helical computed tomography (LDCT) reduces mortality in high-risk subjects. Cigarette smoking is linked to up to 90% of lung cancer deaths. Even more so, it is a key risk factor for many other cancers and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. The Smokers health Multiple ACtions (SMAC-1) trial aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of an integrated program based on the early detection of smoking-related thoraco-cardiovascular diseases in high-risk subjects, combined with primary prevention. A new multi-component screening design was utilized to strengthen the framework on conventional lung cancer screening programs. We report here the study design and the results from our baseline round, focusing on oncological findings. METHODS High-risk subjects were defined as being >55 years of age and active smokers or formers who had quit within 15 years (>30 pack/y). A PLCOm2012 threshold >2% was chosen. Subject outreach was streamlined through media campaign and general practitioners' engagement. Eligible subjects, upon written informed consent, underwent a psychology consultation, blood sample collection, self-evaluation questionnaire, spirometry, and LDCT scan. Blood samples were analyzed for pentraxin-3 protein levels, interleukins, microRNA, and circulating tumor cells. Cardiovascular risk assessment and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring were performed. Direct and indirect costs were analyzed focusing on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per quality-adjusted life years gained in different scenarios. Personalized screening time-intervals were determined using the "Maisonneuve risk re-calculation model", and a threshold <0.6% was chosen for the biennial round. RESULTS In total, 3228 subjects were willing to be enrolled. Out of 1654 eligible subjects, 1112 participated. The mean age was 64 years (M/F 62/38%), with a mean PLCOm2012 of 5.6%. Former and active smokers represented 23% and 77% of the subjects, respectively. At least one nodule was identified in 348 subjects. LDCTs showed no clinically significant findings in 762 subjects (69%); thus, they were referred for annual/biennial LDCTs based on the Maisonneuve risk (mean value = 0.44%). Lung nodule active surveillance was indicated for 122 subjects (11%). Forty-four subjects with baseline suspicious nodules underwent a PET-FDG and twenty-seven a CT-guided lung biopsy. Finally, a total of 32 cancers were diagnosed, of which 30 were lung cancers (2.7%) and 2 were extrapulmonary cancers (malignant pleural mesothelioma and thymoma). Finally, 25 subjects underwent lung surgery (2.25%). Importantly, there were zero false positives and two false negatives with CT-guided biopsy, of which the patients were operated on with no stage shift. The final pathology included lung adenocarcinomas (69%), squamous cell carcinomas (10%), and others (21%). Pathological staging showed 14 stage I (47%) and 16 stage II-IV (53%) cancers. CONCLUSIONS LDCTs continue to confirm their efficacy in safely detecting early-stage lung cancer in high-risk subjects, with a negligible risk of false-positive results. Re-calculating the risk of developing lung cancer after baseline LDCTs with the Maisonneuve model allows us to optimize time intervals to subsequent screening. The Smokers health Multiple ACtions (SMAC-1) trial offers solid support for policy assessments by policymakers. We trust that this will help in developing guidelines for the large-scale implementation of lung cancer screening, paving the way for better outcomes for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Antonicelli
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, School of Thoracic Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (G.V.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.N.); (E.D.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Piergiorgio Muriana
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.N.); (E.D.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Giovanni Favaro
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV), 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Mangiameli
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (G.M.); (E.F.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (E.L.); (G.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Ezio Lanza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (E.L.); (G.F.); (G.C.)
- Department of Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Manuel Profili
- Department of Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Fina
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (G.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Ferrante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (E.L.); (G.F.); (G.C.)
- Cardio Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Simone Ghislandi
- CERGAS and Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, 20136 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela Pistillo
- Center for Biological Resources, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Finocchiaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (E.L.); (G.F.); (G.C.)
- Cardio Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Rosalba Lembo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Section of Biostatistics, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Novellis
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.N.); (E.D.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Elisa Dieci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.N.); (E.D.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Simona De Santis
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.N.); (E.D.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, School of Thoracic Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (G.V.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.N.); (E.D.); (S.D.S.)
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2
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The Impact of Pre-analytical Factors on the Reliability of miRNA Measurements. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-019-00191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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3
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Leng Q, Lin Y, Jiang F, Lee CJ, Zhan M, Fang H, Wang Y, Jiang F. A plasma miRNA signature for lung cancer early detection. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111902-111911. [PMID: 29340099 PMCID: PMC5762367 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of lung cancer continues to be a major clinical challenge. Using whole-transcriptome next-generation sequencing to analyze lung tumor and the matched noncancerous tissues, we previously identified 54 lung cancer-associated microRNAs (miRNAs). The objective of this study was to investigate whether the miRNAs could be used as plasma biomarkers for lung cancer. We determined expressions of the lung tumor-miRNAs in plasma of a development cohort of 180 subjects by using reverse transcription PCR to develop biomarkers. The development cohort included 92 lung cancer patients and 88 cancer-free smokers. We validated the biomarkers in a validation cohort of 64 individuals comprising 34 lung cancer patients and 30 cancer-free smokers. Of the 54 miRNAs, 30 displayed a significant different expression level in plasma of the lung cancer patients vs. cancer-free controls (all P < 0.05). A plasma miRNA signature (miRs-126, 145, 210, and 205-5p) with the best prediction was developed, producing 91.5% sensitivity and 96.2% specificity for lung cancer detection. Diagnostic performance of the plasma miRNA signature had no association with stage and histological type of lung tumor, and patients' age, sex, and ethnicity (all p > 0.05). The plasma miRNA signature was reproducibly confirmed in the validation cohort. The plasma miRNA signature may provide a blood-based assay for diagnosing lung cancer at the early stage, and thereby reduce the associated mortality and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Leng
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yanli Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Fangran Jiang
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Cheng-Ju Lee
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Min Zhan
- Departments of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - HongBin Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Othman N, Nagoor NH. miR-608 regulates apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma via regulation of AKT2. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1757-1764. [PMID: 29075783 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a major health problem with a low 5-year survival rate of patients. Recent studies have shown that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) are prevalent in lung cancer and these aberrations play a significant role in the progression of tumour progression. In the present study, bioinformatics analyses was employed to predict potential miR-608 targets, which are associated with signaling pathways involved in cancer. Luciferase reporter assay identified AKT2 as a novel target of miR-608, and suppression of its protein levels was validated through western blot analysis. Zebrafish embryos were microinjected with cells transfected with miR-608 to elucidate the role of miR-608 in vivo, and immunostained with antibodies to detect activated caspase-3. We present the first evidence that miR-608 behaves as a tumour suppressor in A549 and SK-LU-1 cells through the regulation of AKT2, suggesting that selective targeting of AKT2 via miR-608 may be developed as a potential therapeutic strategy for miRNA-based non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norahayu Othman
- Institute of Biological Sciences (Genetics and Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hasima Nagoor
- Institute of Biological Sciences (Genetics and Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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5
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Zhu Q, Lv T, Wu Y, Shi X, Liu H, Song Y. Long non-coding RNA 00312 regulated by HOXA5 inhibits tumour proliferation and promotes apoptosis in Non-small cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2184-2198. [PMID: 28338293 PMCID: PMC5571553 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of lung cancer. The abnormal expression of many long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been reported involved in the progression of various tumours, which can be used as diagnostic indicators or antitumour targets. Here, we found that the long non‐coding RNA 00312 was down‐regulated in paired NSCLC tissues and correlated with poor clinical outcome; decreased linc00312 expression in NSCLC was associated with larger and later stage tumours. Functional experiments showed that linc00312 could inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that HOXA5 could bind in the promoter of linc00312 and up‐regulated the expression of it. Moreover, linc00312 was down‐regulated in the plasma of NSCLC patients compared with that of healthy volunteers or other pulmonary diseases patients. Taken together, our findings indicated that linc00312 could be a novel diagnosis biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefei Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Yang R, Fu Y, Zeng Y, Xiang M, Yin Y, Li L, Xu H, Zhong J, Zeng X. Serum miR-20a is a promising biomarker for gastric cancer. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:429-434. [PMID: 28413641 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common type of cancer, particularly in China. Numerous studies have demonstrated that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have potential applications as noninvasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Microarray-based serum miRNA profiling was performed on the serum of 12 paired pre- and post-operative GC patients to screen differentially expressed serum miRNAs. Twelve different serum miRNAs between pre- and post-operative GC patients were identified. Those miRNAs were verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 110 paired pre- and post-operative serum samples from 55 GC patients. miR-20a was confirmed and demonstrated potential as a GC-associated biomarker. Furthermore, the levels of serum miR-20a were significantly different between GC, nasopharyngeal cancer, colorectal carcinoma, breast cancer and non-cancerous controls. In addition, it was found that serum miR-20a levels correlated with age, tumor stage, differentiated degree and lymph node metastasis in GC. Survival analysis indicated that GC patients with elevated levels of serum miR-20a had poor survival. Thus, serum miR-20a may serve as a molecular marker for diagnosis, evaluating therapeutic efficacy and prognosis, as well as monitoring recurrence in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yun Fu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zeng
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Mengqin Xiang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yufang Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Li Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Haifan Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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7
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Fumagalli C, Bianchi F, Raviele PR, Vacirca D, Bertalot G, Rampinelli C, Lazzeroni M, Bonanni B, Veronesi G, Fusco N, Barberis M, Guerini-Rocco E. Circulating and tissue biomarkers in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Ecancermedicalscience 2017; 11:717. [PMID: 28194229 PMCID: PMC5295844 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2017.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to characterise circulating and tissue tumour biomarkers of patients who developed early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during long-term follow-up of a chemoprevention trial (NCT00321893). MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood and sputum samples were collected from 202 high-risk asymptomatic individuals with CT-detected stable lung nodules. Real-time PCR was performed on plasma to quantify free circulating DNA. Baseline serum was investigated with a previously validated test based on 13 circulating miRNAs (miR-Test). Promoter methylation status of p16, RASSF1a and RARβ2 and telomerase activity were assessed in sputum samples. DNA was extracted from each tumour developed during follow-up and subjected to a mutation survey using the LungCarta panel on the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. RESULTS During follow-up (9 years) six individuals underwent surgery for stage I NSCLC with a median time of disease onset of 20.5 months. MiR-Test scores were positive (range: 0.14-7.24) in four out of six baseline pre-disease onset sera. No association was identified between free circulating DNA or sputum biomarkers and disease onset. All tumours harboured at least one somatic mutation in well-known cancer genes, including KRAS (n = 4), BRAF (n = 1), and TP53 (n = 3). CONCLUSION Circulating miRNA tests may represent valuable tools to detect clinically-silent tumours. Early-stage lung adenocarcinomas harbour recurrent genetic events similar to those described in advanced-stage NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Fumagalli
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Institute for Stem-cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Rafaniello Raviele
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Vacirca
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Molecular Medicine Programme IEO, European Institute of Oncology, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Rampinelli
- Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Lazzeroni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Barberis
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
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