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Cicchetti F, David L, Siddu A, Denis H. Cysteamine as a novel disease-modifying compound for Parkinson's disease: Over a decade of research supporting a clinical trial. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Gallego-Villar L, Hannibal L, Häberle J, Thöny B, Ben-Omran T, Nasrallah GK, Dewik AN, Kruger WD, Blom HJ. Cysteamine revisited: repair of arginine to cysteine mutations. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:555-567. [PMID: 28643139 PMCID: PMC5740875 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cysteamine is a small aminothiol endogenously derived from coenzyme A degradation. For some decades, synthetic cysteamine has been employed for the treatment of cystinosis, and new uses of the drug continue to emerge. In this review, we discuss the role of cysteamine in cellular and extracellular homeostasis and focus on the potential use of aminothiols to reconstitute the function of proteins harboring arginine (Arg) to cysteine (Cys) mutations, via repair of the Cys residue into a moiety that introduces an amino group, as seen in basic amino acid residues Lys and Arg. Cysteamine has been utilized in vitro and ex vivo in four different genetic disorders, and thus provides "proof of principle" that aminothiols can modify Cys residues. Other aminothiols such as mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG) with closer structural resemblance to the guanidinium moiety of Arg are under examination for their predicted enhanced capacity to reconstitute loss of function. Although the use of aminothiols holds clinical potential, more studies are required to refine specificity and treatment design. The efficacy of aminothiols to target proteins may vary substantially depending on their specific extracellular and intracellular locations. Redox potential, pH, and specific aminothiol abundance in each physiological compartment are expected to influence the reactivity and turnover of cysteamine and analogous drugs. Upcoming research will require the use of suitable cell and animal models featuring Arg to Cys mutations. Since, in general, Arg to Cys changes comprise about 8% of missense mutations, repair of this specific mutation may provide promising avenues for many genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gallego-Villar
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Häberle
- University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Thöny
- University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Ben-Omran
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - G K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Al-N Dewik
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - W D Kruger
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H J Blom
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Regulation of steroid hormones and energy status with cysteamine and its effect on spermatogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 313:149-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Vij N, Chandramani-Shivalingappa P, Van Westphal C, Hole R, Bodas M. Cigarette smoke-induced autophagy impairment accelerates lung aging, COPD-emphysema exacerbations and pathogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 314:C73-C87. [PMID: 27413169 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00110.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette-smoke (CS) exposure and aging are the leading causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-emphysema development, although the molecular mechanism that mediates disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the impact of CS exposure and aging on autophagy and the pathophysiological changes associated with lung aging (senescence) and emphysema progression. Beas2b cells, C57BL/6 mice, and human (GOLD 0-IV) lung tissues were used to determine the central mechanism involved in CS/age-related COPD-emphysema pathogenesis. Beas2b cells and murine lungs exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE)/CS showed a significant ( P < 0.05) accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins and impaired autophagy marker, p62, in aggresome bodies. Moreover, treatment with the autophagy-inducing antioxidant drug cysteamine significantly ( P < 0.001) decreased CSE/CS-induced aggresome bodies. We also found a significant ( P < 0.001) increase in levels of aggresome bodies in the lungs of smokers and COPD subjects in comparison to nonsmoker controls. Furthermore, the presence and levels of aggresome bodies statistically correlated with severity of emphysema and alveolar senescence. In addition to CS exposure, lungs from old mice also showed accumulation of aggresome bodies, suggesting this as a common mechanism to initiate cellular senescence and emphysema. Additionally, Beas2b cells and murine lungs exposed to CSE/CS showed cellular apoptosis and senescence, which were both controlled by cysteamine treatment. In parallel, we evaluated the impact of CS on pulmonary exacerbation, using mice exposed to CS and/or infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pa), and confirmed cysteamine's potential as an autophagy-inducing antibacterial drug, based on its ability to control CS-induced pulmonary exacerbation ( Pa-bacterial counts) and resulting inflammation. CS induced autophagy impairment accelerates lung aging and COPD-emphysema exacerbations and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Vij
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Colin Van Westphal
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Rachel Hole
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Manish Bodas
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
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