1
|
Shah A, Jahan R, Kisling SG, Atri P, Natarajan G, Nallasamy P, Cox JL, Macha MA, Sheikh IA, Ponnusamy MP, Kumar S, Batra SK. Secretory Trefoil Factor 1 (TFF1) promotes gemcitabine resistance through chemokine receptor CXCR4 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217097. [PMID: 38964729 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is the first-line treatment option for patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the frequent adoption of resistance to gemcitabine by cancer cells poses a significant challenge in treating this aggressive disease. In this study, we focused on analyzing the role of trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) in gemcitabine resistance in PDAC. Analysis of PDAC TCGA and cell line datasets indicated an enrichment of TFF1 in the gemcitabine-resistant classical subtype and suggested an inverse correlation between TFF1 expression and sensitivity to gemcitabine treatment. The genetic ablation of TFF1 in PDAC cells enhanced their sensitivity to gemcitabine treatment in both in vitro and in vivo tumor xenografts. The biochemical studies revealed that TFF1 contributes to gemcitabine resistance through enhanced stemness, increasing migration ability of cancer cells, and induction of anti-apoptotic genes. We further pursued studies to predict possible receptors exerting TFF1-mediated gemcitabine resistance. Protein-protein docking investigations with BioLuminate software revealed that TFF1 binds to the chemokine receptor CXCR4, which was supported by real-time binding analysis of TFF1 and CXCR4 using SPR studies. The exogenous addition of TFF1 increased the proliferation and migration of PDAC cells through the pAkt/pERK axis, which was abrogated by treatment with a CXCR4-specific antagonist AMD3100. Overall, the present study demonstrates the contribution of the TFF1-CXCR4 axis in imparting gemcitabine resistance properties to PDAC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashu Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sophia G Kisling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5950, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-5950, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5950, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-5950, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gong J, Zhang Q, Peng Q, Shi D. Identification of Chronic Pancreatitis Associated microRNAs and Genes for the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer. Am Surg 2024:31348241253801. [PMID: 38708574 DOI: 10.1177/00031348241253801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The timely identification of both malignant and nonmalignant pancreatic lesions has the potential to significantly enhance prognosis and implement risk management strategies across various levels. microRNAs (miRs) and their corresponding targets play a crucial role in the development of pancreatic lesions and can serve as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic targets. The objective of our study was to investigate potential diagnostic markers that can effectively differentiate between malignant and nonmalignant pancreatic lesions. METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database with GSE24279 dataset was utilized to screen differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). We utilized the TargetScanHuman database to predict the target genes associated with hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-150-5p, and hsa-miR-214-3p. Furthermore, a cohort comprising healthy individuals (n = 52), chronic pancreatitis (CP; n = 34), and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD; n = 53) patients was recruited to ascertain the levels of plasma markers. RESULTS We identified 3 miRNAs (hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-150-5p, and hsa-miR-214-3p) and 2 proteins (PCDH1 and AMN) as potential diagnostic markers for distinguishing between CP and PAAD. The area under the curve (AUC) values for all markers exceeded .800. Notably, a combination of plasma PCDH1 and AMN demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance (AUC = .921; 95% CI: .866-.977; sensitivity = .792; specificity = .941) in discriminating between CP and PAAD. In addition, the model of hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-150-5p, and hsa-miR-214-3p yielded an AUC of .928, sensitivity of .830, and specificity of .912, respectively. CONCLUSION Plasma levels of miRNAs (hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-150-5p, and hsa-miR-214-3p) and their corresponding targets (PCDH1 and AMN) hold promise as potential biomarkers for predicting PAAD in patients with CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qimin Peng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dongling Shi
- Department of Health examination, Jiangxi Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Masumoto Y, Matsuo S, Kinjou N, Narieda Y, Wada M, Fujimoto K. The expression of trefoil factor family member 2 in increased at an acidic pH. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:212. [PMID: 38572063 PMCID: PMC10988190 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) is significantly involved in intestinal tumor growth in ApcMin/+ mice, which can be used as a human colon cancer model. TFF2, which encodes TFF2 (spasmolytic protein 1) is highly expressed in human cancer tissues, including the pancreas, colon and bile ducts, as well as in normal gastric and duodenum tissues. By contrast, TFF2 exhibits low expression levels in other normal tissues, including the small and large intestine. Furthermore, TFF2 expression has not been detected in DLD-1 cells, a cell line derived from human colon cancer. What induces TFF2 expression in normal and tumor cells is still unknown. Highly malignant tumor tissues are characterized by higher temperatures and lower pH (6.2-6.9) than in normal tissues, where normal pH ranges from 7.2 to 7.4. This microenvironment exacerbates malignancy by promoting the acquisition of cell death resistance, drug resistance and immune escape. Therefore, the present study examined how TFF2 expression is affected in cultured cells that imitate the tumor tissue microenvironment. The incubation temperature was increased from 37 to 40°C, but no expression of TFF2 was induced. Subsequently, a culture solution with an acidic pH was prepared to simulate the Warburg effect in tumors. TFF2 expression was increased by 42.8- and 5.8-fold in cells cultured in acidic medium at pH 6.5 and 6.8 compared with at pH 7.4, respectively, as determined using the relative quantification method following quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The present study also analyzed fluctuations in the expression levels of genes other than TFF2, under acidic conditions. Acidic conditions upregulated the expression of genes related to cell membranes and glycoproteins, based on the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. In conclusion, TFF2 was highly expressed under acidic conditions, implying that it may have an important function in protecting the plasma membrane from acidic environments in both normal and cancer cells. These findings warrant further investigation of TFF2 as a target of cancer therapy and diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yui Masumoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859 3298, Japan
| | - Suzuka Matsuo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859 3298, Japan
| | - Natsuno Kinjou
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859 3298, Japan
| | - Yuka Narieda
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859 3298, Japan
| | - Morimasa Wada
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859 3298, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujimoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859 3298, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Y, Huang B, Zhang Q, Yu Y, Xiao J. Modeling of new markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer based on the transition from inflammation to cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:1425-1442. [PMID: 38617519 PMCID: PMC11009810 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a lethal disease with a poor prognosis. Genes involved in acute pancreatitis (AP) or chronic pancreatitis (CP) might be important for PAAD development. This study sought to identify potential PAAD diagnosis markers and to establish a PAAD prognosis prediction model based on AP- and CP-related genes. Methods The significantly differentially expressed genes in both AP or CP and PAAD were obtained by a bioinformatics analysis. A risk-score model for predicting survival was constructed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and validated using an International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. Protein expression and the effects of the genes in the risk models were validated by immunohistochemistry, or Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assays. The study sample data included six AP tissue samples and five normal pancreatic tissue samples, six CP tissue samples and six normal pancreatic tissue samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) expression profiling microarrays GSE109227 and GSE41418 data sets, respectively, and fragments per kilobase per million mapped fragments (FPKM) data from four normal controls and 150 PAAD cases from TCGA database, and 182 cancer patient samples with complete survival prognostic data from the ICGC database. Results In total, 508 significantly differentially expressed genes were found in both AP or CP and PAAD. Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2), tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen (TINAG), trefoil factor 1 (TFF1), aquaporin 5 (AQP5), SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF), anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2), apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 1 (APOBEC1), kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), mucin 13 (MUC13), claudin 18 (CLDN18), annexin A10 (ANXA10), and tetraspanin 1 (TSPAN1) were found to be present in PAAD and had the largest fold change. A risk-score model, comprising 19 genes, was constructed for prognostic prediction. A high-risk score indicated a poor prognosis. TINAG, DDC, SPDEF, and APOBEC1 proteins were increased in PAAD, while TINAG and DDC were correlated with the pathologic grade. Decreased TINAG, APOBEC1, transmembrane protein 94 (TMEM94), and kelch like family member 36 (KLHL36) expression inhibited PAAD cell proliferation, while decreased SPDEF, TMEM94, and KLHL36 expression significantly inhibited PAAD cell migration. Conclusions The AP and CP co-related genes were significantly correlated with PAAD. TINAG, DDC, SPDEF, and APOBEC1 could serve as new PAAD predictors. The risk model developed in this study could be used to predict the prognosis of PAAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Borong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Yaqun Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sok CP, Polireddy K, Kooby DA. Molecular pathology and protein markers for pancreatic cancer: relevance in staging, in adjuvant therapy, in determination of minimal residual disease, and follow-up. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2024; 13:56-70. [PMID: 38322203 PMCID: PMC10839718 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-22-628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis and monitoring of disease through the detection of circulating protein biomarkers is a growing field in the practice of oncology. The search for more effective protein biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a valuable area of study, given the aggressive and often occult nature of this malignancy. Liquid biopsies are attractive, as they offer a minimally invasive and cost-effective approach when compared to traditional biopsy methods and imaging modalities used for diagnosis and surveillance. Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 is currently the most commonly used serum protein biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with PDAC, but due to its sensitivity and specificity, its utility remains limited. In this review, we examine how circulating protein biomarkers are used in the diagnosis, prognostication, and surveillance of PDAC. We also highlight protein biomarkers that are currently under investigation that have the potential to enhance our ability to detect early-stage malignancies, predict response to therapy, and monitor for recurrence, but these markers require larger prospective validation studies before they can be widely implemented. Continued efforts to identify and validate novel biomarkers will be crucial for improving the management and outcomes of patients with this challenging disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin P. Sok
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karunesh Polireddy
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiaao L, Wanli G, Kai Z, Feng G, Yunpeng P. Coagulation parameters for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in the early stage: a retrospective study. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:436. [PMID: 37848965 PMCID: PMC10580648 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, conventional coagulation (CC) and thromboelastography (TEG) parameters have been reported to be closely related to the progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the potential utility of these parameters in differentiating benign and malignant pancreatic diseases is still unclear. OBJECTIVES A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of coagulation parameters in differentiating pancreatic cancer/early stage pancreatic cancer (EPC, TNM stages I and II) from benign control conditions, and to further explore whether coagulation parameters could improve the differential value of CA199. METHODS Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analysis were used to identify the diagnostic value of each coagulation parameter or combination of parameters. RESULTS Compared with benign pancreatic disease (BPD), patients with pancreatic malignant tumors had significant coagulation disorders, specifically manifested as abnormal increases or decreases in several CC and TEG parameters (such as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), D-dimer (DD2), K time, R time, Angle, maximum amplitude (MA), coagulation index (CI), and Ly30). In the training group, ROC curve showed that FIB, DD2, Angle, MA, and CI had favorable efficacy at differentiating PC or EPC from BPD (for PC, AUC = 0.737, 0.654, 0.627, 0.602, 0.648; for EPC, AUC = 0.723, 0.635, 0.630, 0.614, 0.648). However, several combined diagnostic indicators based on FIB, DD2 and CI failed to outperform the individual coagulation indexes in diagnostic efficiency. Combinations of certain coagulation indexes with CA199 outperformed CA199 alone at identifying PC or EPC, especially FIB + CA199 (for PC, AUC = 0.904; for EPC, AUC = 0.905), FIB + DD2 + CA199 (for PC, AUC = 0.902; for EPC, AUC = 0.900), FIB + CI + CA199 (for PC, AUC = 0.906; for EPC, AUC = 0.906), and FIB + DD2 + CI + CA199 (for PC, AUC = 0.905; for EPC, AUC = 0.900). The results from a validation set also confirmed that these combinations have advantageous diagnostic value for PC and EPC. CONCLUSIONS A significant hypercoagulable state was common in PC. Some CC and TEG parameters are valuable in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pancreatic diseases. In addition, coagulation indexes combined with CA199 can further enhance the differential diagnosis efficacy of CA199 in PC and EPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiaao
- Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Wanli
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Kai
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Feng
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Yunpeng
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Burdziak C, Alonso-Curbelo D, Walle T, Reyes J, Barriga FM, Haviv D, Xie Y, Zhao Z, Zhao CJ, Chen HA, Chaudhary O, Masilionis I, Choo ZN, Gao V, Luan W, Wuest A, Ho YJ, Wei Y, Quail DF, Koche R, Mazutis L, Chaligné R, Nawy T, Lowe SW, Pe’er D. Epigenetic plasticity cooperates with cell-cell interactions to direct pancreatic tumorigenesis. Science 2023; 380:eadd5327. [PMID: 37167403 PMCID: PMC10316746 DOI: 10.1126/science.add5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The response to tumor-initiating inflammatory and genetic insults can vary among morphologically indistinguishable cells, suggesting as yet uncharacterized roles for epigenetic plasticity during early neoplasia. To investigate the origins and impact of such plasticity, we performed single-cell analyses on normal, inflamed, premalignant, and malignant tissues in autochthonous models of pancreatic cancer. We reproducibly identified heterogeneous cell states that are primed for diverse, late-emerging neoplastic fates and linked these to chromatin remodeling at cell-cell communication loci. Using an inference approach, we revealed signaling gene modules and tissue-level cross-talk, including a neoplasia-driving feedback loop between discrete epithelial and immune cell populations that was functionally validated in mice. Our results uncover a neoplasia-specific tissue-remodeling program that may be exploited for pancreatic cancer interception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Burdziak
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Direna Alonso-Curbelo
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Thomas Walle
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases; Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - José Reyes
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francisco M. Barriga
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Doron Haviv
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yubin Xie
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chujun Julia Zhao
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University; New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hsuan-An Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ojasvi Chaudhary
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Ignas Masilionis
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Zi-Ning Choo
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vianne Gao
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wei Luan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexandra Wuest
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuhong Wei
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University; Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University; Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University; New York, NY 10027, USA
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Centre; Vilnius University, Vilnius LT 02158, Lithuania
| | - Ronan Chaligné
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Tal Nawy
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Scott W. Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Dana Pe’er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mazer BL, Lee JW, Roberts NJ, Chu LC, Lennon AM, Klein AP, Eshleman JR, Fishman EK, Canto MI, Goggins MG, Hruban RH. Screening for pancreatic cancer has the potential to save lives, but is it practical? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:555-574. [PMID: 37212770 PMCID: PMC10424088 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2217354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most patients with pancreatic cancer present with advanced stage, incurable disease. However, patients with high-grade precancerous lesions and many patients with low-stage disease can be cured with surgery, suggesting that early detection has the potential to improve survival. While serum CA19.9 has been a long-standing biomarker used for pancreatic cancer disease monitoring, its low sensitivity and poor specificity have driven investigators to hunt for better diagnostic markers. AREAS COVERED This review will cover recent advances in genetics, proteomics, imaging, and artificial intelligence, which offer opportunities for the early detection of curable pancreatic neoplasms. EXPERT OPINION From exosomes, to circulating tumor DNA, to subtle changes on imaging, we know much more now about the biology and clinical manifestations of early pancreatic neoplasia than we did just five years ago. The overriding challenge, however, remains the development of a practical approach to screen for a relatively rare, but deadly, disease that is often treated with complex surgery. It is our hope that future advances will bring us closer to an effective and financially sound approach for the early detection of pancreatic cancer and its precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Mazer
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jae W. Lee
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicholas J. Roberts
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda C. Chu
- Department of Radiology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Marie Lennon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison P. Klein
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James R. Eshleman
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot K. Fishman
- Department of Radiology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcia Irene Canto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael G. Goggins
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Biel TG, Petrovskaya S, Mascia F, Ju T, Fashoyin-Aje L, Herremans KM, Riner AN, Underwood PW, Gerber MH, Donoghue M, Trevino JG, Rao VA. Transcriptomic analysis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens obtained from Black and White patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281182. [PMID: 36812168 PMCID: PMC9946261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic cancer clinical trials, Black patients are under-represented while having higher morbidity and mortality rates as compared to other racial groups. Multiple factors, including socioeconomic and lifestyle factors may contribute to this disparity, but genomic contributions remain unclear. In an exploratory project to identify genes that may contribute to differences in survival between Black (n = 8) and White (n = 20) patients with pancreatic cancer, transcriptomic sequencing of over 24,900 genes was performed in human pancreatic tumor and non-tumor tissue obtained from Black and White patients. Over 4,400 genes were differentially expressed in tumor and non-tumor tissue, irrespective of race. To validate these results, the expression of four genes (AGR2, POSTN, TFF1, and CP) reported to be up-regulated in pancreatic tumor tissue as compared to non-tumor tissue were confirmed using quantitative PCR. Transcriptomic analysis that compared pancreatic tumor tissue from Black and White patients revealed differential expression in 1,200 genes, while a comparison of the non-tumor and tumor gene expression differences within each race revealed over 1,500 tumor-specific differentially expressed genes in pancreatic tumor and non-tumor tissue from Black patients. We identified TSPAN8 as a potential tumor-specific gene significantly overexpressed in pancreatic tumor tissue in Black patients as compared to White patients. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software to compare the race-associated gene expression profiles, over 40 canonical pathways were identified to be potentially impacted by the gene expression differences between the races. Heightened expression of TSPAN8 was associated with poor overall survival, suggesting TSPAN8 as one potential genetic factor contributing to the differential outcomes in Black patients with pancreatic cancer, supporting the potential utility of larger genomic studies to further explore the role of TSPAN8 in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Biel
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Petrovskaya
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Francesca Mascia
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lola Fashoyin-Aje
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. Herremans
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Andrea N. Riner
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Patrick W. Underwood
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Gerber
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Martha Donoghue
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - V. Ashutosh Rao
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Valentini AM, Savino MT, Donghia R, Schena N, Arborea G. Role of Immunohistochemistry in Suspected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Prospective Study on Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsies. Pancreas 2022; 51:1372-1375. [PMID: 37099781 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Differential diagnosis between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and benign mimickers can be very difficult on small histological samples, such as fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of immunostaining for IMP3, Maspin, S100A4, S100P, TFF2, and TFF3 in FNAB pancreatic lesions. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 20 consecutive patients with suspected PDAC, collecting FNABs at our department between 2019 and 2021. RESULTS Three of the 20 enrolled patients resulted negative for all immunohistochemical markers, while all the others were positive for Maspin. All other immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers had sensitivity and accuracy of less than 100%. On the basis of the IHC, the preoperative diagnosis on FNAB was nonmalignant lesions in the IHC negative cases and PDAC in the others. All patients subsequently underwent surgery for the pancreatic solid mass demonstrated by imaging techniques. The concordance between the preoperative and postoperative diagnosis was 100%; all IHC negative samples were diagnosed on surgical specimens as chronic pancreatitis and Maspin-positive samples as PDAC. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that even in the presence of little histological material, such as FNAB, the use of Maspin alone is sufficient to discriminate between PDAC and nonmalignant pancreatic lesions, with 100% accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rossella Donghia
- Unit of Digital Health and Health Technology Assessment for "Salus in Apulia Study," Bari, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen X, Zhang H, Xiao B. C9orf16 represents the aberrant genetic programs and drives the progression of PDAC. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1102. [PMID: 36307773 PMCID: PMC9615161 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), constituting 90% of pancreatic cancers, is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Lack of early detection of PDAC contributes to its poor prognosis as patients are often diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease. This is mostly due to the lack of promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets and corresponding drugs.
Methods and results
Here, by bioinformatic analysis of single cell RNA-sequencing data on normal pancreas tissues, primary and metastatic PDAC tumors, we identified a promising PDAC biomarker, C9orf16. The expression of C9orf16, rarely detectable in normal epithelial cells, was upregulated in primary PDAC cancer cells and was further elevated in metastatic PDAC cancer cells. Gain or loss of function of C9orf16 demonstrated its critical functions in regulating the cell proliferation, invasion and chemotherapy resistance of cancer cells. Pathway analysis and functional studies identified MYC signaling pathways as the most activated pathways in regulating C9orf16 expression and in mediating the development and progression of PDAC.
Conclusions
These data suggested a crucial gene regulation system, MYC-C9orf16, which is actively involved in PDAC development and progression, and targeting this system should be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for PDAC.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pandey V, Zhang X, Poh HM, Wang B, Dukanya D, Ma L, Yin Z, Bender A, Periyasamy G, Zhu T, Rangappa KS, Basappa B, Lobie PE. Monomerization of Homodimeric Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3) by an Aminonitrile Compound Inhibits TFF3-Dependent Cancer Cell Survival. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:761-773. [PMID: 36110371 PMCID: PMC9469493 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a secreted protein with an established oncogenic function and a highly significant association with clinical progression of various human malignancies. Herein, a novel small molecule that specifically targets TFF3 homodimeric functions was identified. Utilizing the concept of reversible covalent interaction, 2-amino-4-(4-(6-fluoro-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitrile (AMPC) was identified as a molecule that interacted with TFF3. AMPC monomerized the cellular and secreted TFF3 homodimer at the cysteine (Cys)57-Cys57 residue with subsequent more rapid degradation of the generated TFF3 monomers. Hence, AMPC treatment also resulted in cellular depletion of TFF3 with consequent decreased cell viability in various human carcinoma-derived TFF3 expressing cell lines, including estrogen receptor positive (ER+) mammary carcinoma (MC). AMPC treatment of TFF3 expressing ER+ MC cells significantly suppressed total cell number in a dose-dependent manner. Consistently, exposure of TFF3 expressing ER+ MC cells to AMPC decreased soft agar colony formation, foci formation, and growth in suspension culture and inhibited growth of preformed colonies in 3D Matrigel. AMPC increased apoptosis in TFF3 expressing ER+ MC cells associated with decreased activity of EGFR, p38, STAT3, AKT, and ERK, decreased protein levels of CCND1, CCNE1, BCL2, and BCL-XL, and increased protein levels of TP53, CDKN1A, CASP7, and CASP9. siRNA-mediated depletion of TFF3 expression in ER+ MC cells efficiently abrogated AMPC-stimulated loss of cell viability and CASPASE 3/7 activities. Furthermore, in mice bearing ER+ MC cell-generated xenografts, AMPC treatment significantly impeded xenograft growth. Hence, AMPC exemplifies a novel mechanism by which small molecule drugs may inhibit a dimeric oncogenic protein and provides a strategy to impede TFF3-dependent cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua
Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and
Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International
Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Han-Ming Poh
- Cancer Science
Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Tsinghua
Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and
Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International
Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Dukanya Dukanya
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006 Karnataka, India
| | - Lan Ma
- Tsinghua
Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and
Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International
Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
- Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical
Translational Research Institute, Jinan
University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
- Zhuhai Institute
of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated
with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for
Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ganga Periyasamy
- DOS in Chemistry, Bangalore University, JB Campus, Bangalore 560001, India
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department
of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences
and Medicine, University of Science and
Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Hefei National
Laboratory for Physical Sciences, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate
Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006 Karnataka, India
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006 Karnataka, India
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Tsinghua
Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Biopharmaceutical and
Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International
Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
- Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
- Cancer Science
Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qin W, Huang H, Dai Y, Han W, Gao Y. Proteome analysis of urinary biomarkers in a cigarette smoke-induced COPD rat model. Respir Res 2022; 23:156. [PMID: 35705945 PMCID: PMC9202220 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease caused by inhalation of cigarette smoke (CS) and other harmful gases and particles. METHODS This study aimed to explore potential urinary biomarkers for CS-induced COPD based on LC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS A total of 340 urinary proteins were identified, of which 79 were significantly changed (30, 31, and 37 at week 2, 4 and 8, respectively). GO annotation of the differential urinary proteins revealed that acute-phase response, response to organic cyclic compounds, complement activation classical pathway, and response to lead ion were significantly enriched at week 2 and 4. Another four processes were only enriched at week 8, namely response to oxidative stress, positive regulation of cell proliferation, thyroid hormone generation, and positive regulation of apoptotic process. The PPI network indicated that these differential proteins were biologically connected in CS-exposed rats. Of the 79 differential proteins in CS-exposed rats, 56 had human orthologs. Seven proteins that had changed at week 2 and 4 when there were no changes of pulmonary function and pathological morphology were verified as potential biomarkers for early screening of CS-induced COPD by proteomic analysis. Another six proteins that changed at week 8 when obvious airflow obstruction was detected were verified as potential biomarkers for prognostic assessment of CS-induced COPD. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that the urinary proteome could sensitively reflect pathological changes in CS-exposed rats, and provide valuable clues for exploring COPD biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuting Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen J, Wang H, Zhou L, Liu Z, Tan X. A combination of circulating tumor cells and CA199 improves the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24341. [PMID: 35334495 PMCID: PMC9102772 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is difficult due to the lack of effective screening tests. CA199, the standard biomarker for PDAC management, is not sufficiently reliable for early diagnosis. This prospective study aimed to evaluate whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could complement or perform better than CA199 in determining PDAC. METHODS A total of 168 blood samples were collected from 80 patients with PDAC, 32 patients with acute pancreatitis, 22 patients with benign pancreatic masses, and 34 healthy donors. CTCs were detected by a novel system combining negative enrichment with immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (NE-imFISH). Next, ROC curves and AUC analyses were conducted to assess diagnostic abilities of CA199, CTCs, and the combination of the two biomarkers in PDAC. RESULTS CTCs were stained as CD45-/DAPI+/CEP8 ≥3. With 2 CTCs/3.2 ml as the cut-off value, the sensitivity/specificity of the CTC number was 0.76/0.94, which was comparable to that of CA199 (0.78/0.83; Delong test p = 0.3360). Improved performance was achieved through a logistic regression model integrating CA199 and CTC number (AUCCTC+CA199 = 0.95, AUCCA199 = 0.80, AUCCTC number = 0.85; Delong test p vs . CA199 < 0.0001 and p vs . CTC number = 0.0002). CTC subtype was inferior to CTC number as a diagnostic marker (AUCCTC subtype = 0.73; Delong test p vs . CTC number < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The dual-marker panel consisting of CA199 and CTC number can significantly improve upon the diagnostic performance of CA199 alone, highlighting the promising clinical utilization as an effective strategy for PDAC surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Chen
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Huaitao Wang
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng F, Wang X, Chiou YS, He C, Guo H, Tan YQ, Basappa B, Zhu T, Pandey V, Lobie PE. Trefoil factor 3 promotes pancreatic carcinoma progression via WNT pathway activation mediated by enhanced WNT ligand expression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:265. [PMID: 35332126 PMCID: PMC8948291 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality with a dismal prognosis that has changed little over the past few decades. Further understanding of the molecular pathology of PDAC progression is urgently required in order to improve the prognosis of patients with PDAC. Herein, it was observed that trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) expression was elevated in PDAC, and was positively correlated with a worse overall patient survival outcome. Forced expression of TFF3 promoted oncogenic functions of PDAC cells in vitro including cell proliferation, survival, foci formation, cancer stem cell-like behavior and invasion, ex vivo colony growth in 3D-Matrigel, and xenograft growth in vivo. Depletion or pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 inhibited these same processes. RNA-Seq analysis and subsequent mechanistic analyses demonstrated that TFF3 increased the expression of various WNT ligands to mediate WNT pathway activation required for TFF3-stimulated PDAC progression. Combined pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 and WNT signaling significantly attenuated PDAC xenograft growth and potentiated the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in both ex vivo and in vivo models. Hence, a mechanistic basis for combined inhibition of pathways enhancing PDAC progression is provided and suggests that inhibition of TFF3 may assist to ameliorate outcomes in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejuan Wang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyu He
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qin Tan
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570005, India
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dudley B, Brand RE. Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance and Novel Strategies for Screening. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2022; 32:13-25. [PMID: 34798981 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with a genetic susceptibility to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) may benefit from surveillance to increase the likelihood of early detection. Currently, candidates for surveillance are identified based on genetic test results and family history of PDAC, and surveillance is accomplished through imaging of the pancreas (endoscopic ultrasound or MRI). Novel methods that incorporate personalized risk, biomarkers, and radiomics are being investigated in an attempt to improve identification of at-risk individuals and to increase detection of precursor and early-stage lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth Dudley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 5200 Centre Avenue, Suite 409, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Randall E Brand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 5200 Centre Avenue, Suite 409, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kapszewicz M, Małecka-Wojciesko E. Simple Serum Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Protein Biomarkers-Is There Anything in Sight? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225463. [PMID: 34830745 PMCID: PMC8619303 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A poor PDAC prognosis is due to a lack of effective treatment and late diagnosis. The early detection of PDAC could significantly decrease mortality and save lives. Idealbiomarkers for PDAC should be cost-effective, detectable in easily accessible biological material, and present in sufficient concentration in the earliest possible phase of the disease. This review addresses newly selected, simple protein biomarkers—new ones such as thrombospondin-2, insulin-linked binding protein 2, lysophosphatidic acid, and autotaxin and conventional ones such as Ca19-9, inflammatory factors, and coagulation factors. Their possible use in the early detection of PDAC, differentiation from benign diseases, prognosis, and treatment response prediction is discussed. We also address the usefulness of possible combinations of biomarkers in diagnostic panels.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang J, Xu R, Wang C, Qiu J, Ren B, You L. Early screening and diagnosis strategies of pancreatic cancer: a comprehensive review. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1257-1274. [PMID: 34331845 PMCID: PMC8696234 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant digestive system tumor with a poor prognosis. Most pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage or even metastasis due to its highly aggressive characteristics and lack of typical early symptoms. Thus, an early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is crucial for improving its prognosis. Currently, screening is often applied in high‐risk individuals to achieve the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Fully understanding the risk factors of pancreatic cancer and pathogenesis could help us identify the high‐risk population and achieve early diagnosis and timely treatment of pancreatic cancer. Notably, accumulating studies have been undertaken to improve the detection rate of different imaging methods and the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) which is the golden standard for pancreatic cancer diagnosis. In addition, there are currently no biomarkers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer to be applied in the clinic. As the only serum biomarker approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) is not recommended to be used in the early screening of pancreatic cancer because of its limited specificity. Recently, increasing numbers of studies focused on the discovering of novel serum biomarkers and exploring their combination with CA19‐9 in the detection of pancreatic cancer. Besides, the application of liquid biopsy involving circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and exosomes in blood and biomarkers in urine, and saliva in pancreatic cancer diagnosis are drawing more and more attention. Furthermore, many innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, computer‐aided diagnosis system, metabolomics technology, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) associated technologies, and novel nanomaterials have been tested for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and have shown promising prospects. Hence, this review aims to summarize the recent progress in the development of early screening and diagnostic methods, including imaging, pathological examination, serological examination, liquid biopsy, as well as other potential diagnostic strategies for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
O'Neill RS, Stoita A. Biomarkers in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: Are we closer to finding the golden ticket? World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4045-4087. [PMID: 34326612 PMCID: PMC8311531 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality on a global scale. The disease itself is associated with a dismal prognosis, partly due to its silent nature resulting in patients presenting with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. To combat this, there has been an explosion in the last decade of potential candidate biomarkers in the research setting in the hope that a diagnostic biomarker may provide a glimmer of hope in what is otherwise quite a substantial clinical dilemma. Currently, serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is utilized in the diagnostic work-up of patients diagnosed with PC however this biomarker lacks the sensitivity and specificity associated with a gold-standard marker. In the search for a biomarker that is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of PC, there has been a paradigm shift towards a focus on liquid biopsy and the use of diagnostic panels which has subsequently proved to have efficacy in the diagnosis of PC. Currently, promising developments in the field of early detection on PC using diagnostic biomarkers include the detection of microRNA (miRNA) in serum and circulating tumour cells. Both these modalities, although in their infancy and yet to be widely accepted into routine clinical practice, possess merit in the early detection of PC. We reviewed over 300 biomarkers with the aim to provide an in-depth summary of the current state-of-play regarding diagnostic biomarkers in PC (serum, urinary, salivary, faecal, pancreatic juice and biliary fluid).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S O'Neill
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Alina Stoita
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Samson MH, Abildgaard AM, Espelund U, Rasmussen TR, Folkersen B, Frystyk J, Nexo E. Circulating trefoil factors in relation to lung cancer, age and lung function: a cross-sectional study in patients referred for suspected lung cancer. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2021; 81:446-450. [PMID: 34242119 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2021.1943757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The trefoil factor family proteins: TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 are secreted by epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. Here, we explore circulating concentrations of the trefoil factors in relation to lung cancer, age and lung function. We included 751 patients suspected of lung cancer. Lung cancer diagnosis was based on data reported to a national database. Serum TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 concentrations were measured by ELISA, and spirometry was performed within ±3 days of blood sampling. Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) in relation to forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC (a parameter used to quantify reduced lung function) was recorded. Lung cancer was diagnosed in 163 (22%) patients. Circulating concentrations of TFF3 (p = .021), but not TFF1 and TFF2, were significantly elevated in cancer patients. All three trefoil factors showed an increase in concentration with increasing age (p < .001) and declining lung function (p < .004). In the present cohort, concentrations of all three peptides were elevated compared with previous results published for healthy individuals. In conclusion, we report higher concentrations of TFF3 in patients with lung cancer, while increasing age and reduced lung function are associated with increasing concentrations of all trefoil factors in this specific patient population. The results emphasize that age and lung function should be taken into consideration when evaluating concentrations of trefoil factors in patients. However, the increases in trefoil factor concentrations were relatively small, and consequently, it is unlikely that circulating trefoil factor concentrations may have a role in the diagnosis of lung cancer and lung function impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mie H Samson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders M Abildgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulrick Espelund
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben R Rasmussen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Folkersen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ebba Nexo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu J, Ploner A, Kordes M, Löhr M, Nilsson M, de Maturana MEL, Estudillo L, Renz H, Carrato A, Molero X, Real FX, Malats N, Ye W. Plasma protein biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2048-2058. [PMID: 33411965 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, mainly due to late diagnosis at advanced tumor stages. In this study, we aimed to identify plasma protein biomarkers for early detection of PDAC. Totally, 135 PDAC patients (early PDAC, Stage I/II, n = 71; advanced PDAC, Stage III/IV, n = 64), 13 benign lesions/chronic pancreatitis patients and 72 healthy individuals, with corresponding plasma samples from a case-control study in Sweden were included. A proximity extension assay was used to detect 92 cancer-related proteins, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect CA19-9. Predictive features were selected from these 93 candidate proteins and three covariates in the Swedish participants, and then validated in Spanish participants, including 37 early PDAC patients, 38 advanced PDAC patients, 19 chronic pancreatitis patients and 36 healthy controls. A panel of eight proteins discriminating early PDAC from healthy individuals was identified, and the cross-validated area under the curves (AUCs) were 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 0.78-0.91) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.70-0.92) in the Swedish and Spanish participants, respectively. Another eight-protein panel was predictive for classifying advanced PDAC from healthy controls in two populations, with cross-validated AUCs of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83-0.95) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.83-0.98), respectively. In conclusion, eight protein biomarkers were identified and externally validated, potentially allowing early detection of PDAC patients if validated in additional prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Yu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Ploner
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maximilian Kordes
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lidia Estudillo
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Molero
- Exocrine Pancreas Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Autonomous University of Barcelona, and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Timofte AD, Giuşcă SE, Lozneanu L, Manole MB, Prutianu I, Gafton B, Rusu A, Căruntu ID. HOXB13 and TFF3 can contribute to the prognostic stratification of prostate adenocarcinoma. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2021; 62:41-52. [PMID: 34609407 PMCID: PMC8597359 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.62.1.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox B13 (HOXB13) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) are novel candidates for the classification of prostate cancer (PC) in molecular subtypes that could predict the clinical evolution of patients. The aim of our study was to analyze the possible associations between HOXB13 and TFF3 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression in sporadic prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC), the potential prognostic value in relation to the classical clinico-pathological parameters, as well as their role in defining distinct molecular subtypes of this malignancy. The study group comprised 105 patients diagnosed with PAC who underwent radical prostatectomy. IHC exam was performed using anti-HOXB13 and anti-TFF3 antibodies and a scoring system that permit the separation of the cases into two subgroups, with low and high immunoexpression, respectively. The statistical analysis evaluated the relationship between the two immunomarkers and clinico-pathological parameters. The Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank Mantel-Cox test were used for assessing the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-progression free survival. Four subgroups of PAC were defined based on the IHC overexpression and low immunoexpression of HOXB13 and TFF3. High HOXB13 and TFF3 immunoexpression was commonly identified in cases characterized by a Gleason score over 7, a G4 or G5 dominant pattern, a grade group of 3 or 4 and a preoperatory PSA serum level over 20 ng/mL. HOXB13 overexpression was also associated with pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage. The subgroup with both low HOXB13 and TFF3 immunoexpression had the highest PSA-progression free interval, whereas the subgroup with high HOXB13 immunoexpression and low TFF3 immunoexpression presented the lowest rate, but no statistically significant differences were registered. Our results sustain the role of HOXB13 and TFF3 in the stratification of PAC. Further investigations in larger cohorts are imposed to validate the clinical significance of these subgroups in the diagnostic and prognostic of PAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Daniel Timofte
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania;
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang WH, Wang WQ, Han X, Gao HL, Li TJ, Xu SS, Li S, Xu HX, Li H, Ye LY, Lin X, Wu CT, Long J, Yu XJ, Liu L. Advances on diagnostic biomarkers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A systems biology perspective. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3606-3614. [PMID: 33304458 PMCID: PMC7710502 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy that is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage when curative surgery is no longer an option. Robust diagnostic biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for early detection are urgently needed. Systems biology provides a powerful tool for understanding diseases and solving challenging biological problems, allowing biomarkers to be identified and quantified with increasing accuracy, sensitivity, and comprehensiveness. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of efforts to identify biomarkers of PDAC using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabonomics, and bioinformatics. Systems biology perspective provides a crucial “network” to integrate multi-omics approaches to biomarker identification, shedding additional light on early PDAC detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Hu Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Han
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Li Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long-Yun Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Lin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Tao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gao CT, Ren J, Yu J, Li SN, Guo XF, Zhou YZ. KIF23 enhances cell proliferation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and is a potent therapeutic target. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1394. [PMID: 33313139 PMCID: PMC7723550 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background In recent research, high expression of kinesin family member 23 (KIF23), one of the kinesin motor proteins involved in the regulation of cytokinesis, has been shown to be related to poor prognosis in glioma and paclitaxel-resistant gastric cancer, as a results of the enhancement of proliferation, migration, and invasion. In this study, we analyzed the role of KIF23 in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods A bioinformatic method was used to analyze the KIF23 mRNA level in pancreatic tumor tissues compared with normal pancreatic tissues and to analyze the connection between high KIF23 expression and prognosis. We examined the expression of KIF23 using immunohistochemistry and analyzed the connection between the expression of KIF23 and clinicopathological features in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, a colony formation assay, MTT assay, and western blot assay were performed in vitro, along with a mouse xenograft model in vivo, to analyze the effect of KIF23 on proliferation. Further, the correlation between KIF23 and CDCA8 was analyzed by TCGA and immunohistochemical data. Results Bioinformatic results showed that KIF23 mRNA expression was higher in pancreatic tumor tissues than in normal pancreatic tissues and a poor prognosis has been linked to the high expression of KIF23. Immunohistochemistry revealed that KIF23 was highly expressed at the protein level and high expression of KIF23 correlated with adverse clinicopathological features. Our experimental results demonstrated that knockdown of KIF23 could inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cells. Further, a positive correlation between KIF23 and CDCA8 expression existed, and KIF23 might promote pancreatic cancer proliferation by affecting CDCA8 expression. Conclusions Our data showed that high expression of KIF23 is associated with a poor prognosis, and KIF23 might be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Ren
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Li
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Zhang Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Salleh S, Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP. Exploiting the relevance of CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2020; 6:31. [PMID: 37822969 PMCID: PMC10566512 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2020.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. It has a poor prognosis and remains a difficulty to treat malignancy. Over the past several decades, significant efforts have been directed towards developing new approaches to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic regimens for PDAC treatment. In recent years, the measurement of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) has become one of the most validated and extensively used tumour biomarkers for PDAC. In particular, serum CA 19-9 levels have been explored as a validated tool to predict either the signs of disease progression or the response to treatment. However, despite its clinical relevance, the implications on diagnosis or accurately predicting tumour resectability, and monitoring disease symptoms in PDAC patients remains limited. This current review highlights the recent updates on the applicability of CA 19-9, its exploitation, and challenges in predicting the treatment efficacy and responses in PDAC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syaza Salleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kriz D, Ansari D, Andersson R. Potential biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:2170-2174. [PMID: 32447642 PMCID: PMC7578134 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the highest mortality amongst all major organ cancers. Early detection is key to reduce deaths related to pancreatic cancer. However, early detection has been challenged by the lack of non-invasive biomarkers with enough sensitivity and specificity to allow for screening. The gold standard is still carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9), against which all new biomarkers must be evaluated. In this paper, we describe recent progress in the development of new pancreatic cancer biomarkers, focusing on proteins, metabolites, and genetic and epigenetic biomarkers. Although several promising biomarkers have been identified, they are all derived from retrospective studies and additional prospective studies are needed to confirm their clinical validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Kriz
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - D Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - R Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Trefoil factors share a lectin activity that defines their role in mucus. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2265. [PMID: 32404934 PMCID: PMC7221086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal epithelium secretes a host of protective disulfide-rich peptides, including the trefoil factors (TFFs). The TFFs increase the viscoelasticity of the mucosa and promote cell migration, though the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions have remained poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that all TFFs are divalent lectins that recognise the GlcNAc-α-1,4-Gal disaccharide, which terminates some mucin-like O-glycans. Degradation of this disaccharide by a glycoside hydrolase abrogates TFF binding to mucins. Structural, mutagenic and biophysical data provide insights into how the TFFs recognise this disaccharide and rationalise their ability to modulate the physical properties of mucus across different pH ranges. These data reveal that TFF activity is dependent on the glycosylation state of mucosal glycoproteins and alludes to a lectin function for trefoil domains in other human proteins. Trefoil factors (TFFs) protect the mucosa and have various reported binding activities, but whether they share a common interaction mechanism has remained unclear. Here, the authors provide structural and biochemical evidence that all three human TFFs are divalent lectins that recognise the same disaccharide.
Collapse
|
28
|
Jahan R, Shah A, Kisling SG, Macha MA, Thayer S, Batra SK, Kaur S. Odyssey of trefoil factors in cancer: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188362. [PMID: 32298747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3 (TFFs) are a family of small secretory molecules involved in the protection and repair of the gastrointestinal tract (GI). TFFs maintain and restore epithelial structural integrity via transducing key signaling pathways for epithelial cell migration, proliferation, and invasion. In recent years, TFFs have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, especially cancer. Initially recognized as tumor suppressors, emerging evidence demonstrates their key role in tumor progression and metastasis, extending their actions beyond protection. However, to date, a comprehensive understanding of TFFs' mechanism of action in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis remains obscure. The present review discusses the structural, functional and mechanistic implications of all three TFF family members in tumor progression and metastasis. Also, we have garnered information from studies on their structure and expression status in different organs, along with lessons from their specific knockout in mouse models. In addition, we highlight the emerging potential of using TFFs as a biomarker to stratify tumors for better therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ashu Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sophia G Kisling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India -191201
| | - Sarah Thayer
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Llach J, Carballal S, Moreira L. Familial Pancreatic Cancer: Current Perspectives. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:743-758. [PMID: 32099470 PMCID: PMC6999545 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s172421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal disease, mostly incurable when detected. Thus, despite advances in PC treatments, only around 7% of patients survive 5-years after diagnosis. This morbid outcome is secondary to multifactorial reasons, such as late-stage diagnosis, rapid progression and minimal response to chemotherapy. Based on these factors, it is of special relevance to identify PC high-risk individuals in order to establish preventive and early detection measures. Although most PC are sporadic, approximately 10% cases have a familial basis. No main causative gene of PC has been identified but several known germline pathogenic mutations are related with an increased risk of this tumor. These inherited cancer syndromes represent 3% of all PC. On the other hand, in 7% of cases of PC, there is a strong family history without a causative germline mutation, a situation known as familial pancreatic cancer (FPC). In recent years, there is increasing evidence supporting the benefit of genetic germline analysis in PC patients, and periodic pancreatic screening in PC high-risk patients (mainly those with a lifetime risk greater than 5%), although there is no general agreement in the group of patients and individuals to study and screen. In the present review, we expose an update in the field of hereditary and FPC, with the aim of describing the current strategies and implications in genetic counseling, surveillance and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Llach
- Departmento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d' Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Departmento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d' Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Departmento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d' Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|