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Chen J, Lewis MA, Wai A, Yin L, Dawson SJ, Ingham NJ, Steel KP. A new mutation of Sgms1 causes gradual hearing loss associated with a reduced endocochlear potential. Hear Res 2024; 451:109091. [PMID: 39067415 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Sgms1 encodes sphingomyelin synthase 1, an enzyme in the sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling pathway, and was previously reported to underlie hearing impairment in the mouse. A new mouse allele, Sgms1tm1a, unexpectedly showed normal Auditory Brainstem Response thresholds. We found that the Sgms1tm1a mutation led to incomplete knockdown of transcript to 20 % of normal values, which was enough to support normal hearing. The Sgms1tm1b allele was generated by knocking out exon 7, leading to a complete lack of detectable transcript in the inner ear. Sgms1tm1b homozygotes showed largely normal auditory brainstem response thresholds at first, followed by progressive loss of sensitivity until they showed severe impairment at 6 months old. The endocochlear potential was consistently reduced in Sgms1tm1b mutants at 3, 4 and 8 weeks old, to around 80 mV compared with around 120 mV in control littermates. The stria vascularis showed a characteristic irregularity of marginal cell surfaces and patchy loss of Kcnq1 expression at their apical membrane, and expression analysis of the lateral wall suggested that marginal cells were the most likely initial site of dysfunction in the mutants. Finally, significant association of auditory thresholds with DNA markers within and close to the human SGMS1 gene were found in the 1958 Birth Cohort, suggesting that SGMS1 variants may play a role in the range of hearing abilities in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Morag A Lewis
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Alisa Wai
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Yin
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Sally J Dawson
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Ingham
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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2
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Li Y, Sun T, Chen J, Liu X, Fu R, Xue F, Liu W, Ju M, Dai X, Li H, Wang W, Chi Y, Li T, Shao S, Yang R, Chen Y, Zhang L. Metabolomics profile and machine learning prediction of treatment responses in immune thrombocytopenia: A prospective cohort study. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:2405-2417. [PMID: 38438130 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by antibody-mediated platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. The mechanisms underlying ITP and biomarkers predicting the response of drug treatments are elusive. We performed a metabolomic profiling of bone marrow biopsy samples collected from ITP patients admission in a prospective study of the National Longitudinal Cohort of Hematological Diseases. Machine learning algorithms were conducted to discover novel biomarkers to predict ITP patient treatment responses. From the bone marrow biopsies of 91 ITP patients, we quantified a total of 4494 metabolites, including 1456 metabolites in the positive mode and 3038 metabolites in the negative mode. Metabolic patterns varied significantly between groups of newly diagnosed and chronic ITP, with a total of 876 differential metabolites involved in 181 unique metabolic pathways. Enrichment factors and p-values revealed the top metabolically enriched pathways to be sphingolipid metabolism, the sphingolipid signalling pathway, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and cofactors biosynthesis, the phospholipase D signalling pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signalling system. Based on patient responses to five treatment options, we screened several metabolites using the Boruta algorithm and ranked their importance using the random forest algorithm. Lipids and their metabolism, including long-chain fatty acids, oxidized lipids, glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis, helped differentiate drug treatment responses. In conclusion, this study revealed metabolic alterations associated with ITP in bone marrow supernatants and a potential biomarker predicting the response to ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Mankai Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Wentian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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3
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Suzuki R, Murakami C, Dilimulati K, Atsuta-Tsunoda K, Kawai T, Sakane F. Human sphingomyelin synthase 1 generates diacylglycerol in the presence and absence of ceramide via multiple enzymatic activities. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2672-2686. [PMID: 37715942 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) synthase 1 (SMS1), which is involved in lipodystrophy, deafness, and thrombasthenia, generates diacylglycerol (DG) and SM using phosphatidylcholine (PC) and ceramide as substrates. Here, we found that SMS1 possesses DG-generating activities via hydrolysis of PC and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the absence of ceramide and ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase (CPES) activity. In the presence of the same concentration (4.7 mol%) of PC and ceramide, the amounts of DG produced by SMS and PC-phospholipase C (PLC) activities of SMS1 were approximately 65% and 35% of total DG production, respectively. PC-PLC activity showed substrate selectivity for saturated and/or monounsaturated fatty acid-containing PC species. A PC-PLC/SMS inhibitor, D609, inhibited only SMS activity. Mn2+ inhibited only PC-PLC activity. Intriguingly, DG attenuated SMS/CPES activities. Our study indicates that SMS1 is a unique enzyme with PC-PLC/PE-PLC/SMS/CPES activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Chiaki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Kamila Dilimulati
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
| | | | - Takuma Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
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4
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Lee M, Lee SY, Bae YS. Functional roles of sphingolipids in immunity and their implication in disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1110-1130. [PMID: 37258585 PMCID: PMC10318102 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, which are components of cellular membranes and organ tissues, can be synthesized or degraded to modulate cellular responses according to environmental cues, and the balance among the different sphingolipids is important for directing immune responses, regardless of whether they originate, as intra- or extracellular immune events. Recent progress in multiomics-based analyses and methodological approaches has revealed that human health and diseases are closely related to the homeostasis of sphingolipid metabolism, and disease-specific alterations in sphingolipids and related enzymes can be prognostic markers of human disease progression. Accumulating human clinical data from genome-wide association studies and preclinical data from disease models provide support for the notion that sphingolipids are the missing pieces that supplement our understanding of immune responses and diseases in which the functions of the involved proteins and nucleotides have been established. In this review, we analyze sphingolipid-related enzymes and reported human diseases to understand the important roles of sphingolipid metabolism. We discuss the defects and alterations in sphingolipid metabolism in human disease, along with functional roles in immune cells. We also introduce several methodological approaches and provide summaries of research on sphingolipid modulators in this review that should be helpful in studying the roles of sphingolipids in preclinical studies for the investigation of experimental and molecular medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Suh Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Wu X, Ming B, Wu T, Gao R, Hu P, Tang J, Zhong J, Zheng F, Dong L. IL-33/ST2 axis contributes to the dermal fibrosis of systemic sclerosis via promoting fibroblasts activation. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 107:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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A novel mechanism of thrombocytopenia by PS exposure through TMEM16F in sphingomyelin synthase 1 deficiency. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4265-4277. [PMID: 34478523 PMCID: PMC8945624 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane SM reduction by SMS1deficiency enhances PS exposure and thrombocytopenia. Depression of membrane SM potentiates Ca2+ influx and PS externalization through TMEM16F.
Sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1) contributes to the generation of membrane sphingomyelin (SM) and affects SM-mediated physiological functions. Here, we describe the hematologic phenotypes, such as reduced circulating platelets and dysfunctional hemostasis, in SMS1-deficient (SMS1-KO) mice. SMS1-KO mice display pathologic manifestations related to idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP), including relatively high amounts of peripheral blood reticulated platelets, enhanced megakaryopoiesis in the bone marrow and spleen, and splenomegaly. Deficiency of SMS1, but not SMS2, prevented SM production and enhanced phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization on the plasma membranes of platelets and megakaryocytes. Consequently, SMS1-KO platelets were excessively cleared by macrophages in the spleen. Multimer formation in the plasma membrane of TMEM16F, a known calcium (Ca2+)-activated nonselective ion channel and Ca2+-dependent PS scramblase, was enhanced; the result was PS externalization to outer leaflets through increased Ca2+ influx in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts established from SMS1-KO mice (SMS1-KO tMEFs), as seen with SMS1-KO platelets. Thus, SMS1 deficiency changed the TMEM16F distribution on the membrane microdomain, regulating Ca2+ influx-dependent PS exposure. SMS1-KO tMEFs in which TMEM16F was knocked out by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system lacked both the Ca2+ influx and excess PS exposure seen in SMS1-KO tMEFs. Therefore, SM depletion on platelet membrane microdomains due to SMS1 deficiency enhanced PS externalization via a Ca2+ influx through TMEM16F activation, leading to elevated platelet clearance and causing hemostasis dysfunction through thrombocytopenia. Our current findings show that the SM-rich microdomain generated by SMS1 is a potent regulator of thrombocytopenia through TMEM16F, suggesting that its dysfunction may be a novel additional mechanism of ITP.
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7
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Ou P, Stanek A, Huan Z, Roman CAJ, Huan C. SMS2 deficiency impairs PKCδ-regulated B cell tolerance in the germinal center. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109624. [PMID: 34469734 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell tolerance prevents autoimmunity by deleting or deactivating autoreactive B cells that otherwise may cause autoantibody-driven disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus). Lupus is characterized by immunoglobulin Gs carrying a double-stranded (ds)-DNA autospecificity derived mainly from somatic hypermutation in the germinal center (GC), pointing to a checkpoint breach of GC B cell tolerance that leads to lupus. However, tolerance mechanisms in the GC remain poorly understood. Here, we show that upregulated sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) in anti-dsDNA GC B cells induces apoptosis by directly activating protein kinase C δ (PKCδ)'s pro-apoptotic activity. This tolerance mechanism prevents lupus autoimmunity in C57/BL6 mice and can be stimulated pharmacologically to inhibit lupus pathogenesis in lupus-prone NZBWF1 mice. Patients with lupus consistently have substantially reduced SMS2 expression in B cells and to an even greater extent in autoimmune-prone, age-associated B cells, suggesting that patients with lupus have insufficient SMS2-regulated B cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Ou
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, The School of Graduate Studies, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Albert Stanek
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Zack Huan
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Christopher A J Roman
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
| | - Chongmin Huan
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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8
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Dong X, Huang Y, Yang Z, Chu X, Wu J, Wang S, He X, Gao C, Chen X, Yang K, Zhang D. Downregulation of ROR2 promotes dental pulp stem cell senescence by inhibiting STK4-FOXO1/SMS1 axis in sphingomyelin biosynthesis. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13430. [PMID: 34278704 PMCID: PMC8373368 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) play a vital role in tooth restoration, regeneration, and homeostasis. The link between DPSC senescence and tooth aging has been well‐recognized. ROR2 plays an important role in aging‐related gene expression. However, the expression and function of ROR2 in DPSC aging remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that ROR2 expression was significantly decreased in aged pulp tissues and DPSCs. The depletion of ROR2 in young DPSCs inhibits their self‐renewal capacity, while its overexpression in aged DPSCs restores their self‐renewal capacity. Interestingly, we found that sphingomyelin (SM) is involved in the senescence of DPSCs regulated by ROR2. Mechanistically, we confirmed that ROR2 inhibited the phosphorylation of STK4, which promoted the translocation of Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) to the nucleus. STK4 inhibition or knockdown of FOXO1 markedly increased the proliferation of DPSCs and upregulated the expression of SMS1, which catalyzed SM biogenesis. Moreover, FOXO1 directly bound to the SMS1 promoter, repressing its transcription. Our findings demonstrated the critical role of the ROR2/STK4‐FOXO1/SMS1 axis in the regulation of SM biogenesis and DPSC senescence, providing a novel target for antagonizing tooth aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐yue Dong
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University; Capital Medical University of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Yan‐xia Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University; Capital Medical University of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Talent and Academic Exchange Center The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhang China
| | - Xiao‐yang Chu
- Department of Stomatology Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General HospitalBeijing China
| | - Jue Wu
- Translational Medical Research Center Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing China
| | - Shan Wang
- Translational Medical Research Center Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University; Capital Medical University of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Chun‐Yan Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University; Capital Medical University of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University; Capital Medical University of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Kai Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Dong‐liang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University; Capital Medical University of Stomatology Beijing China
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9
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Daian F, Esper BS, Ashrafi N, Yu GQ, Luciano G, Moorthi S, Luberto C. Regulation of human sphingomyelin synthase 1 translation through its 5'-untranslated region. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3751-3764. [PMID: 33037626 PMCID: PMC7756225 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bcr‐abl1 oncogene causes a shift in the transcription start site of the SMS1 gene (SGMS1) encoding the sphingomyelin (SM) synthesizing enzyme, sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1). This results in an mRNA with a significantly shorter 5′‐UTR, called 7‐SGMS1, which is translated more efficiently than another transcript (IIb‐SGMS1) with a longer 5′UTR in Bcr‐abl1‐positive cells. Here, we determine the effects of these alternative 5′UTRs on SMS1 translation and investigate the key features underlying such regulation. First, the presence of the longer IIb 5′UTR is sufficient to greatly impair translation of a reporter gene. Deletion of the upstream open reading frame (−164 nt) or of the predicted stem‐loops in the 5′UTR of IIb‐SGMS1 has minimal effects on SGMS1 translation. Conversely, deletion of nucleotides −310 to −132 enhanced transcription of IIb‐SGMS1 to reach that of 7‐SGMS1. We thus suggest that regulatory features within nucleotides −310 and −132 modulate IIb‐SGMS1 translation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foysal Daian
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | | | - Navid Ashrafi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Gui-Qin Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Gabriella Luciano
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Sitapriya Moorthi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
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10
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Taniguchi M, Okazaki T. Ceramide/Sphingomyelin Rheostat Regulated by Sphingomyelin Synthases and Chronic Diseases in Murine Models. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:380-405. [PMID: 33024732 PMCID: PMC7521967 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and sphingomyelin (SM) are major components of the double membrane-bound sphingolipids. Ceramide is an essential bioactive lipid involved in numerous cell processes including apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy-dependent cell death. Inversely, SM regulates opposite cellular processes such as proliferation and migration by changing receptor-mediated signal transduction in the lipid microdomain. SM is generated through a transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine to ceramide by SM synthases (SMSs). Research during the past several decades has revealed that the ceramide/SM balance in cellular membranes regulated by SMSs is important to decide the cell fate, survival, and proliferation. In addition, recent experimental studies utilizing SMS knockout mice and murine disease models provide evidence that SMS-regulated ceramide/SM balance is involved in human diseases. Here, we review the basic structural and functional characteristics of SMSs and focus on their cellular functions through the regulation of ceramide/SM balance in membrane microdomains. In addition, we present the pathological or physiological implications of SMSs by analyzing their role in SMS-knockout mice and human disease models. This review finally presents evidence indicating that the regulation of ceramide/SM balance through SMS could be a therapeutic target for human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Kanazawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
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