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Shao J, Deng Q, Feng S, Wu C, Liu X, Yang L. Role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and the impact of exercise-induced remodeling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 732:150418. [PMID: 39032410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent and debilitating brain disorder that worsens progressively with age, characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment. The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) leading to amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylation of Tau, resulting in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), are primary pathological features of AD. Despite significant research investment and effort, therapies targeting Aβ and NFTs have proven limited in efficacy for treating or slowing AD progression. Consequently, there is a growing interest in non-invasive therapeutic strategies for AD prevention. Exercise, a low-cost and non-invasive intervention, has demonstrated promising neuroprotective potential in AD prevention. Astrocytes, among the most abundant glial cells in the brain, play essential roles in various physiological processes and are implicated in AD initiation and progression. Exercise delays pathological progression and mitigates cognitive dysfunction in AD by modulating astrocyte morphological and phenotypic changes and fostering crosstalk with other glial cells. This review aims to consolidate the current understanding of how exercise influences astrocyte dynamics in AD, with a focus on elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying astrocyte remodeling. The review begins with an overview of the neuropathological changes observed in AD, followed by an examination of astrocyte dysfunction as a feature of the disease. Lastly, the review explores the potential therapeutic implications of exercise-induced astrocyte remodeling in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianting Deng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaocao Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Faissner A. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in the glial lineage modulates neuronal excitability. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1190240. [PMID: 37383546 PMCID: PMC10293750 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1190240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein related protein receptor 1 (LRP1), also known as CD91 or α-Macroglobulin-receptor, is a transmembrane receptor that interacts with more than 40 known ligands. It plays an important biological role as receptor of morphogens, extracellular matrix molecules, cytokines, proteases, protease inhibitors and pathogens. In the CNS, it has primarily been studied as a receptor and clearance agent of pathogenic factors such as Aβ-peptide and, lately, Tau protein that is relevant for tissue homeostasis and protection against neurodegenerative processes. Recently, it was found that LRP1 expresses the Lewis-X (Lex) carbohydrate motif and is expressed in the neural stem cell compartment. The removal of Lrp1 from the cortical radial glia compartment generates a strong phenotype with severe motor deficits, seizures and a reduced life span. The present review discusses approaches that have been taken to address the neurodevelopmental significance of LRP1 by creating novel, lineage-specific constitutive or conditional knockout mouse lines. Deficits in the stem cell compartment may be at the root of severe CNS pathologies.
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Li Z, Sun W, Duan W, Jiang Y, Chen M, Lin G, Wang Q, Fan Z, Tong Y, Chen L, Li J, Cheng G, Wang C, Li C, Chen L. Guiding Epilepsy Surgery with an LRP1-Targeted SPECT/SERRS Dual-Mode Imaging Probe. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:14-25. [PMID: 35588160 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of the resectable epileptic lesion is a precondition of operative intervention to drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients. However, even when multiple diagnostic modalities are combined, epileptic foci cannot be accurately identified in ∼30% of DRE patients. Inflammation-associated low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) has been validated to be a surrogate target for imaging epileptic foci. Here, we reported an LRP1-targeted dual-mode probe that is capable of providing comprehensive epilepsy information preoperatively with SPECT imaging while intraoperatively delineating epileptic margins in a sensitive high-contrast manner with surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) imaging. Notably, a novel and universal strategy for constructing self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based Raman reporters was proposed for boosting the sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, and quantifiability of the SERRS signal. The probe showed high efficacy to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. SPECT imaging showed the probe could delineate the epileptic foci clearly with a high target-to-background ratio (4.11 ± 0.71, 2 h). Further, with the assistance of the probe, attenuated seizure frequency in the epileptic mouse models was achieved by using SPECT together with Raman images before and during operation, respectively. Overall, this work highlights a new strategy to develop a SPECT/SERRS dual-mode probe for comprehensive epilepsy surgery that can overcome the brain shift by the co-registration of preoperative SPECT and SERRS intraoperative images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wanbing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wenjia Duan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiqing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guorong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinyue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yusheng Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Luo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guangli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
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Zhao J, Wang C, Sun W, Li C. Tailoring Materials for Epilepsy Imaging: From Biomarkers to Imaging Probes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203667. [PMID: 35735191 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excising epileptic foci (EF) is the most efficient approach for treating drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, owing to the vast heterogeneity of epilepsies, EF in one-third of patients cannot be accurately located, even after exhausting all current diagnostic strategies. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that truly represent the status of epilepsy and fabricating probes with high targeting specificity are prerequisites for identifying the "concealed" EF. However, no systematic summary of this topic has been published. Herein, the potential biomarkers of EF are first summarized and classified into three categories: functional, molecular, and structural aberrances during epileptogenesis, a procedure of nonepileptic brain biasing toward epileptic tissue. The materials used to fabricate these imaging probes and their performance in defining the EF in preclinical and clinical studies are highlighted. Finally, perspectives for developing the next generation of probes and their challenges in clinical translation are discussed. In general, this review can be helpful in guiding the development of imaging probes defining EF with improved accuracy and holds promise for increasing the number of DRE patients who are eligible for surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road 826, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road 826, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 20 Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wanbing Sun
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road 826, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Wang J, Fu J, Sun W, Yin X, Lv K, Zhang J. Functionalized PEG-PLA nanoparticles for brain targeted delivery of ketoconazole contribute to pregnane X receptor overexpressing in drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2022; 186:107000. [PMID: 36037622 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a functionalized PEG-PLA nanoparticle system containing ketoconazole (KCZ) to overcome the overactivity of pregnane X receptor (PXR) for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). SIGNIFICANCE KCZ was developed as a therapy strategy for DRE limited by its lethal hepatotoxicity and minute brain concentration. KCZ-incorporated nanoparticles modified with angiopep-2 (NPs/KCZ) could reduce adverse effects of KCZ and achieve epileptic foci-targeted drug delivery. METHODS NPs/KCZ was prepared by thin-film hydration method and characterized in vitro and in vivo. The efficacy evaluation of NPs/KCZ was evaluated in a kainic acid (KA)-induced mice model of epilepsy with carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment. RESULTS The mean particle size and Zeta potential of NPs/KCZ were 17.84 ± 0.33 nm and - 2.28 ± 0.12 mV, respectively. The drug-loading (DL%) of KCZ in nanoparticles was 8.96 ± 0.12 % and the entrapment efficiency (EE%) was 98.56 ± 0.02 %. The critical value of critical micelle concentration was 10-3.3 mg/ml. No obvious cytotoxicity was found in vitro. The behavioral and electrographic seizure activities were obviously attenuated in NPs/KCZ+CBZ group. The CBZ concentration of brain tissues in mice treated with NPs/KCZ+CBZ was significantly increased than those treated with CBZ alone (P = 0.0028). A significantly decreased expression level of PXR and its downstream proteins was observed in NPs/KCZ+CBZ group compared with that in the control and CBZ group (All P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results showed that NPs/KCZ achieved the epileptic foci-targeted delivery of KCZ and ameliorated the efficacy of CBZ on DRE by attenuating the overactivity of PXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Junyan Fu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wanbing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xuyang Yin
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Kun Lv
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No.12 Wulumuqi Road (Middle), Shanghai 200040, China.
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Bergamelli E, Del Fabro L, Delvecchio G, D’Agostino A, Brambilla P. The Impact of Lithium on Brain Function in Bipolar Disorder: An Updated Review of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:1275-1287. [PMID: 34773217 PMCID: PMC9537229 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lithium remains a gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have contributed to clarifying its impact on neural circuitries in affected individuals. However, the specific neurobiological mechanisms through which lithium exerts its effects on brain function are not fully understood. In this review, we aimed to summarize the results of recent fMRI studies evaluating the impact of lithium on brain functional activity and connectivity in patients diagnosed with BD. We performed a literature search of available sources found in the PubMed database reported in English since 2016, when the last available review on this topic was published. Five fMRI studies in resting-state condition and six studies performed during the execution of emotional tasks met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the available evidence supports normalizing effects of lithium on brain activity and connectivity. Most of these studies reported a normalization in prefrontal regions and interconnected areas involved in emotion regulation and processing, regardless of the task employed. Importantly, lithium treatment showed distinct patterns of activity/connectivity changes compared with other treatments. Finally, lithium modulation of neural circuitries was found to be associated with clinical improvement in BD. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that selective abnormalities in neural circuitries supporting emotion processing and regulation improve during lithium treatment in BD. However, the heterogeneity of the examined studies regarding study design, sample selection, and analysis methods might limit the generalizability of the findings and lead to difficulties in comparing the results. Therefore, in future studies, larger cohorts and homogeneous experimental tasks are needed to further corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Bergamelli
- grid.415093.a0000 0004 1793 3800Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Del Fabro
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy ,grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Armando D’Agostino
- grid.415093.a0000 0004 1793 3800Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy ,grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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